MANUFACTURING PROCESS RELIABILITY

2.2 Availability
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS RELIABILITY METRIC

2.2 Availability

A. DEFINITION
Availability is the percentage of time that the asset is actually operating (uptime)
compared to when it is scheduled to operate. This is also called operational availability.

B. OBJECTIVES
Availability provides a measure of when the asset is either running or is capable of
running. It is a measure of an asset’s ability to be operated if required.

C. FORMULA
Availability % = {Uptime (hrs) ÷ [Total Available Time (hrs) – Idle Time (hrs)]} x 100

Uptime = Total Available Time – (Idle Time + Downtime)

Down Time = Scheduled Downtime + Unscheduled Downtime

D. COMPONENT DEFINITIONS
Total Available Time
365 days x 24 hours (yearly basis); 24 hours (daily basis)

Idle Time
The amount of time an asset is idle or waiting to run. It is the sum of the times when
there is no demand, no feedstock or raw material and other administrative idle time
(i.e., not scheduled for production).

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PAGE 1 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012
Uptime
The amount of time an asset is actively producing a product or providing a service. It is
the actual running time.

Scheduled Downtime
The time to do required work on an asset that is on the finalized weekly maintenance
schedule.

Unscheduled Downtime
Time an asset is down for repairs or modifications that are not on the weekly
maintenance schedule.

E. QUALIFICATIONS
1. Time Basis: Weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually.
2. Used by: Corporate and plant managers to capture asset performance data as a
basis for specific improvements related to design, operations and/or maintenance
practices.
3. Should be used in conjunction with OEE and TEEP in evaluating overall
performance.
4. Do not confuse availability with reliability.
5. There are several variations on the definition of Availability. The SMRP has chosen
a definition commonly used at the plant level. More academic definitions, such as
Achieved Availability or Inherent Availability, correctly relate availability to MTFB or
MTTR. SMPR Guideline 6-Demystifying Availability relates this definition to the
more academic definitions and other variations.

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PAGE 2 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012
F. SAMPLE CALCULATION
An example of the availability calculation based on a performance period of one month
(720 hours) for a single piece of equipment is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Example Calculation of Availability

Data Comments
(Hours)
Total Available Time 720 24 hours for 30 days
Idle Time 240 Power outage 20 hours
Lack of Feedstock 220 hours

Downtime Summary
A. Scheduled Downtime: (Hours)
1. Preventive maintenance mean 30 30 event
time
2. Scheduled shift breaks 19.8

Total Scheduled Downtime 49.8

B. Unscheduled Downtime: (Hours)

1. Waiting for operator 13.8
2. Failures or breakdowns 9.9
3. Setups and changeovers 16.8
4. Tooling or parts changes 6.9
5. Start-ups and adjustments 15.0
Total Unscheduled Downtime 112.2

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PAGE 3 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012
 Uptime =
C. Uptime: 367.8
720 – 240 – 49.8 – 112.2

H. Availability:
Availability =
(% of time an asset is operating.
76.63% 367.8 ÷ (720 - 240) x 100 =
This is the metric referenced in
76.63%
OEE)

G. BEST IN CLASS TARGET VALUE

SMRP’s Best Practices Committee research indicates that best-in-class values for this
metric are highly variable by industry vertical and type of facility. SMRP recommends
that organizations become involved in trade associations within their industry vertical,
as these groups often publish such data about their industry. SMRP also encourages
plants to use this metric to help manage your maintenance management process.
Combined with information from other metrics and by tracking and trending this metric,
plants will gain good information to help make improvements to plant maintenance and
reliability programs.

Aligned with 2.1.1 Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and 2.1.2 Total Effective
Equipment Performance (TEEP).

H. CAUTIONS
Availability target should be set during the long-term or annual plan and based on
business drivers. Drivers in determining the availability target can be raw product

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PAGE 4 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012
availability, market sales, spare capacity, and higher than normal scheduled or
unscheduled maintenance.

I. HARMONIZATION
This metric and its supporting definitions and EN 15341 Indicators T1 and T2 measure
the same performance.

Note 1: Both the SMRP metric and the EN indicator use the term “Availability”. The
different use of the term “Availability” reflects the cultural difference.

Note 2: EN 15341 looks at availability from an equipment perspective.

Note 3: The SMRP metric looks at availability from an operation perspective.

Note 4: EN 15341 indicators count only corrective and preventive maintenance as

unavailability.

Note 5: The SMRP metric counts scheduled and unscheduled unavailability.

Note 6: The SMRP definition “Uptime” is similar to the EN 13306 term “Operating time”
consequently the nominator in T1 is similar to the nominator in 2.2.

Note 7: The denominator in 2.2 is nearly similar to the denominator in T2.

Conclusion: Metric 2.2 is similar to the nominator in T1 and the denominator in T2.

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PAGE 5 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012
Harmonization with indicator T1 in EN 15341 indicates that differences exist in
component definitions.

J. REFERENCES
Association for Manufacturing Technology. (2002). Production equipment availability -
A measurement guideline (3rd ed.). McLean, VA: AMT.
Hansen, R. C. (2001). Overall equipment effectiveness. South Norwalk, CT: Industrial
Press, Inc.
ISO/14226/. (2006). Key performance indicators and benchmarking. Geneva,
Switzerland: International Standards Organization.
McKenna, T. and Oliverson, R. (1997). Glossary of reliability and maintenance terms.
Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company.
Moore, R. (2004). Making common sense common practice – Models for manufacturing
excellence (3rd ed.). Burlington, NY: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.
Moore, R. (1999). Making common sense common practice – Models for manufacturing
excellence. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company.
Narayan, V. (2004). Effective maintenance management: risk and reliability strategies for
optimizing performance. South Norwalk, CT: Industrial Press, Inc.
SAE JA 1010-1. (2004). Maintenance glossary of terms, definitions. Warrendale, PA:
SAE International.
SMRP Guideline 6.0. (2010). Guideline 6.0 – Demystifying availability. Atlanta, GA:
Society for Maintenance and Reliability Professionals.

Copyright © 2010 SMRP. All rights reserved.

PAGE 6 of 6 Publication Date: October 12, 2010
Revised: September 29, 2012