SI-01 - R03 Banksman-Crane Operations PDF

Offshore Crane Operator
and Banksman/Slinger
Integrated Safe Operating Procedures
Doc. No. SI01_R03A4

© Copyright Sparrows Offshore
INDEX
1.0 REVISION STATUS AND APPROVAL
2.0 INTRODUCTION
3.0 ARRIVAL OFFSHORE
4.0 COMPETENT PERSON - CRANE OPERATIONS
5.0 LIFTING OPERATIONS AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS SI 1998 / 2307
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Citation and Commencement
5.3 Interpretation
5.4 Application
5.5 Strength and stability
5.6 Lifting Equipment for Lifting Persons
5.7 Positioning and Installation
5.8 Marking of Lifting Equipment
5.9 Organisation of Lifting Operations
5.10 Thorough Examination and Inspection
5.11 Planning a Lifting Operation Flowchart
5.12 Lifting Operations Categories Flowchart
5.13 Lifting Operation Plan Template
6.0 CRANE DAILY CHECKS AND INSPECTIONS
6.1 Crane Access ladders, Walkways and hatches
6.2 Pre-start checks
6.3 Housekeeping
6.4 Start-up (prime mover)
6.5 Overhoist Limits/cut-outs
6.6 Rated Capacity Indicators
6.7 Emergency Load Release And Gross Overload Protection System
6.8 Emergency Engine Stops
6.9 Safety Equipment
6.10 Refuelling the Crane
6.11 Checks to be Carried out during Operation of the Crane

7.0 GENERAL CRANE OPERATIONS
7.1 Signals
7.2 Load Handling/Movement on the Installation
7.3 Cargo Handling - Supply Vessels
7.4 Crane Operation - FPSO’s
7.5 Bulk Hose Handling Operations
7.6 Personnel Carrier Transfers
7.7 Helicopter / Crane Operations
8.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
7.1 Do Not’s
7.2 DO’s
9.0 Banksmen / Slingers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Banksman / Slinger
8.3 Safe Working Procedures
10.0 RECOMMENDED CRANE SIGNALS - BS7121
11.0 CONTROLLING CRANE OPERATIONS BY TWO WAY RADIO COMMUNICATION
12.0 ADVERSE WEATHER GUIDELINES
13.0 WIRE ROPES - CARE AND INSPECTION
14.0 SAFE USE OF LIFTING ACCESSORIES
15.0 EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC LOADING
16.0 EYEBOLTS
17.0 ESTIMATION OF WEIGHT
18.0 TABLES
19.0 REFERENCES
Offshore Crane Operator & Banksman/Slinger SI01_R03A4
Integrated Safe Operating Procedures June 2001
1.0 Revision Status and Approval
Date Revision Changes made Approved by
Aug 1998 1 First controlled issue K M Scott
Jan 2000 2 Amend to meet basic LOLER requirements K M Scott
Aug 2001 3 Add further information on lifting plans as required by

LOLER and add lessons learned since last issue
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2.0 Introduction
2.1 The purpose of this Manual is to provide Offshore Crane Operators and
associated personnel with fundamental safe working procedures applicable to
offshore crane operations.
2.2 These procedures can be applied in respect of crane operations, regardless

of type, classification or location offshore.
2.3 They should be used in conjunction with and complement, relevant sections
of the individual installation’s own Safe Operating Procedures, with any applicable
Standing Instructions or Orders allied to crane operations and with BS 7121-Safe
Use of Cranes. Where applicable, relevant sections of the UKOOA “Guidelines for
the Safe Packing and Handling of Cargo to and From Offshore Locations” shall
be complied with.
2.4 S.I.2307 - The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998,
(LOLER) which covers all aspects of lifting operations shall be applied.
Additionally appropriate reference should be made to other statutory instruments upon which LOLER builds. They
are:-
(i) S.I.2306 - The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
(ii) S.I.2051 - The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR).
It is essential that reference be made to these regulations when planning any lifting operations or procuring lifting
equipment (Ref. 5.1 to 5.13).
2.5 Where applicable the requirements of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 and
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 shall be implemented at the worksite in the form of suitable and
sufficient assessments. Generic or “model” assessments are acceptable where similar activities are being
undertaken in similar places of work. However, these shall be reviewed if there is:-
(a) reason to believe that the content of the Assessment is no longer valid
(b) a significant change in the work activity or conditions.
2.6 Other Documents such as Client and Company Safety Management System Manuals, Interface Documents and
Standing Instructions relating to crane operations encompassed within the Company HSEQ Management System
should also be considered.
3.0 Arrival Offshore

3.1 On arrival on the Offshore Installation for the first time it is necessary for the Crane Operator to attend an
Installation Safety Induction briefing.
3.2 Thereafter at the commencement of his first work shift the individual designated by the Offshore Installation
Manager as the ‘Person Responsible for Lifting Operations’ must ensure that the Crane Operator is fully conversant
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with the controls and characteristics of the crane(s) he is assigned to operate. The Crane Operator must also be
apprised of all other procedures and instructions which are relevant to the safe accomplishment of his duties. These
should include the Crane Manufacturer’s Operating/Maintenance Manuals, relevant sections of the Installation’s Safe
Operating Procedures Manual and all Standing Instructions or Orders relevant to crane operations.
3.3 The responsibilities noted above will generally be discharged through Line Supervision or, in the case of crane
familiarisation, a competent person (e.g. Crane Operator or Crane Mechanic/ Operator).
4.0 Competent Person - Crane Operations

4.1 In appointing an individual to the position of Crane Operator on an Offshore Installation/Rig, the Employer, and
where applicable the Owner, or his representative, will have satisfied themselves that the incumbent has been
adequately trained and is competent to fulfil all the duties relevant to the role and consistent with the Job Description
and Job Accountabilities.
4.2 As a ‘Competent Person’ - Crane Operations, the incumbent will be expected and should be able to, undertake
all required crane operations in a safe and controlled manner.
Note:- These conditions/expectations do not apply to personnel who are engaged on a crane operator training
programme - their crane operational activity will be strictly aligned to their levels of formal training and experience
4.3 When a situation arises, or a condition exists, where in the incumbent’s qualified opinion, the safety of personnel,
plant or equipment may be jeopardised, he/she will be expected/required to suspend lifting operations until such time
as control measures have been introduced to minimise or eliminate the potential risks.
4.4 When lifting operations have been temporarily suspended due to inclement weather or in the case of supply
vessel backloading/ discharging the prevailing sea-state, they should not re-commence until the crane operator is
satisfied that conditions have improved to within the safe operating parameters recommended by the Crane
Manufacturer or imposed by the Owner or Employer.
5.0 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations

1998
5.1 Introduction
On the 5th of December 1998 Statutory Instrument 1998/2307 became law. SI 1998/2307 is the Lifting Operations
and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER).
The regulations were made under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act) as a means of implementing
the lifting provisions of the Amending Directive to the Use of Work Equipment Directive (AUWED, 95/63/EC).
Unlike previous legislation used to control the operation and use of lifting equipment LOLER is industry wide,
covering all workplaces subject to the HSW Act.
Although LOLER covers all aspects of lifting operations and equipment reference is made to two other Statutory
Instruments, upon which LOLER builds. They are SI 1998/2306 Provision and Use of Work Equipment 1998
(PUWER 98) and SI 1999/2051 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR). It is
essential that reference be made to these regulations when planning any lifting operations.
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This section provides a brief overview of the regulations.
5.2 Regulation 1 - Citation and Commencement
Synopsis
Lays out the overall scope and timing of the regulations at its highest level.
Key Points
• Came into effect for all lifting equipment on 5th December 1998.
5.3 Regulation 2 - Interpretation
Synopsis
A series of definitions used throughout the regulations with the ACoP giving guidance on the equipment and
operations which are covered by LOLER, although it is stressed that the list is not exclusive and all work equipment
associated with lifting or lowering of a load is covered by the regulations.
Key Points
Definitions of particular note are:
• “lifting equipment” - work equipment for lifting or lowering loads and includes its attachments for anchoring,
fixing or supporting it.
• “accessory for lifting” - work equipment for attaching loads to machinery for lifting (pendant, sling, shackle, etc.)
• “load” - includes material or people lifted by the lifting equipment
• “examination scheme”- suitable scheme drawn up by a competent person for such thorough examination of
lifting equipment at such intervals as may be appropriate for the purpose described in regulation 9
• “thorough examination” - means a thorough examination by a competent person including such testing as is
appropriate for the purpose
Examples
As the range of LOLER is all encompassing the following list of equipment covered by the regulations is by no means
exhaustive:
• Pedestal cranes
• Mobile cranes
• Overhead gantry cranes
• Loose lifting gear - chain hoists, lever hoists, slings, shackles, pendants etc.
• Lifts for persons or goods
• Abseiling equipment
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• Sling-sets attached to containers or pieces of equipment
• Runway beams and padeyes to which lifting equipment is anchored or fixed
5.4 Regulation 3 - Application
Synopsis
Details the where and who to which the regulations apply.The where is anywhere that the HSWA applies and the
who is an employer whose personnel use lifting equipment.
Key Points
• Applies to all work locations covered by the Health and Safety at Work Act, which includes offshore installations
within UK territorial waters and the UKCS.
Roles and Responsibilities
Although LOLER uses the term employer rather than duty-holder any duties specifically assigned to the employer
can be assumed to apply to the duty holder, if they have any control over lifting operations.
Where a company provides personnel to undertake work which will involve the use of lifting equipment then that
company is regarded as an employer and has a duty under LOLER to provide persons competent to undertake the
work. A duty also rests with the controller of the work to ensure that the competency of the persons provided can be
assured.
5.5 Regulation 4 - Strength and Stability
Synopsis
Calls upon the employer to ensure that the lifting equipment and its load is of adequate strength and stability for the
anticipated use.
Key Points
To ensure adequate strength and stability you must:
• Take account of the combination of forces which the equipment may be subjected to
• Assess the implication of the weight of any accessories
• Ensure that the equipment is not susceptible to in-service failure modes (fracture, wear or fatigue)
• Have an appropriate factor of safety against foreseeable failure modes
• Take account of any combination of destabilising forces
• Provide resistance to overturning
• Where there is a significant risk of overload, for example offloading a supply vessel onto a platform, then the
lifting equipment should be fitted with equipment, which provides an audible, and/or visual warning before an
overload situation is reached.
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Although the load does not fall within LOLER it is incumbent upon the employer (person in control of the lifting
operations) to ensure that any lifting points on the load are of adequate strength.
Examples
Points provided on a load to assist with lifting are regarded as part of the load and do not fall under LOLER; for
example padeyes built into a container. However, screw-in eyebolts would be regarded as lifting accessories and
would be covered by LOLER.
Equipment typically used for warning of overload is a Rated Capacity Indicator (previously called Safe Load
Indicators, SLI’s).
5.6 Regulation 5 - Lifting Equipment for Lifting Persons
Synopsis
This regulation takes precedence over all other LOLER regulations when the lifting of persons is to be carried out.
Lifting of persons in equipment which is not specifically designed for that purpose should only be carried out under
exceptional circumstances following a risk assessment and appointment of suitable supervision, not as a matter of
routine.
In essence lifting equipment for lifting persons must be designed so that persons cannot be harmed while travelling
or working from the carrier, fall from the carrier and escape in an emergency. In addition there should be devices in
place to prevent the carrier falling.
Key Points
The lifting equipment should be such as to prevent the passenger from being crushed, trapped, struck or falling from
the carrier, normally by fully enclosing the carrier.
While carrying out activities from the carrier to prevent the passenger from being crushed, trapped, struck or falling
from the carrier. In particular the risk assessment should identify:
• Any external equipment or structures which the person in the carrier may strike
• The need for non-slip flooring
• Devices required to prevent any doors inadvertently opening
• The need for safety harnesses and lanyards
• Devices should be in place to prevent the carrier falling on failure of the primary means of support such as
multiple ropes with independent anchorage, multiple cylinders and check valves for hydraulically powered
systems
• If a person becomes trapped in a carrier they should not be exposed to any danger and can be freed. The
passenger should be able to summon assistance and be competent to use emergency lowering or self-rescue
equipment provided.
• Where practicable access should always be gained by less hazardous means, particularly for regular or routine
operations.
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If a crane is to be used for lifting persons then the following must be in place:
• Free-fall capability lock-out
• Hoisting and lowering limiters
• Rated capacity indicator and limiter
• Schedule of daily inspections of the crane and carrier by a competent person
• Adequate instruction for all persons involved - passenger, operator, supervisor, etc.
As a controller of lifting equipment or operations you have a duty to ensure that equipment which is not designated
for lifting persons is not used in this manner.
Examples
Common examples of equipment NOT designed for lifting persons but which are used are cranes (pedestal and
mobile), forklift trucks and telescopic handlers.
It is worth emphasising that lifting equipment (pedestal cranes in particular) are not primarily designed for lifting
persons and should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
5.7 Regulation 6 - Positioning and Installation
Synopsis
A very straightforward regulation whereby equipment must be positioned and installed so as to minimise the risk of
the equipment or its load striking a person or of control over the load being lost.
Key Points
In particular lifting equipment should be installed in such a way that:
• The need to lift loads over people is minimised
• Crushing is prevented at extreme operating positions
• Loads moving along a fixed path are suitably protected to minimise the risk of the load or equipment striking a
person
• Trapping points are prevented or access limited on travelling or slewing equipment
The employer must also minimise the risk of a load:
• Drifting - runway beams should be level and tag lines used to control the movement of long or awkwardly
shaped loads
• Falling freely - through the fitting of suitable devices such as multiple ropes, safety gear or check valves
• Being unintentionally released during a loss of power to the lifting equipment or through the collision of
equipment or their loads. The use of hooks with safety catches, motion limiting devices and safe systems of
work are possible means of minimising these risks.
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5.8 Regulation 7 - Marking of Lifting Equipment
Synopsis
A basic requirement to mark the Safe Working Load of the lifting equipment on the equipment, or to make readily
available to the operator such information
Key Points
• Safe Working Load (SWL) - the maximum load that the equipment may safely lift.
• If it is not possible to mark the equipment with the SWL then a coding system or labels may be used.
• If the SWL is dependent upon the configuration of the equipment then the SWL for each configuration should
either be marked on the equipment or the information kept with the equipment where it is readily available to
the operator, for example load-radius charts.
• Where the SWL changes with the operating radius of the equipment then a load-limiting device may need to be
fitted to inhibit the equipment and provide visual and/or audible warnings.
• Lifting equipment designed for lifting persons should be marked as such and the carrier should display the SWL
and maximum number of persons, which may be carried.
5.9 Regulation 8 - Organisation of Lifting Operations
Synopsis
The basis upon which all other regulations in LOLER are formed this regulation calls for all lifting operations to be
carried out in a safe manner, under adequate supervision and following a plan.
Key Points
• The competent person planning the operation should have adequate practical and theoretical knowledge and
experience of planning lifting operations.
• The plan will need to address the risks identified during a risk assessment and should identify all resources,
procedures and responsibilities necessary for safe operation.
• The degree of planning will vary considerably depending on the type of lifting equipment and complexity of the
lifting operation and degree of risk involved.
• There are two elements to the plan: the suitability of the lifting equipment as per Regulation 4 of PUWER and
the individual lifting operation to be performed.
Under Regulation 8 the employer or controller of lifting operations has a primary responsibility to ensure that suitable
persons are appointed for planning and supervising of such operations.
For any lifting operation it is necessary to:
(a) Carry out a risk assessment under the MHSWR
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(b) Select suitable equipment for the range of tasks
(c) Plan the individual lifting operation
Examples
The term “Competent Person” is not prescriptively described in LOLER and is used to identify a number of different
roles under the regulations. In practical terms the competency of a person may be confirmed by formal, vocational
qualification or through first hand knowledge of planning or supervising the lifting operations.
Reference should be made to the following publications for more explicit guidance on the safe use of particular items
of lifting equipment:
• British Standard BS 7121 - Code of Practice for Safe Use of Cranes
• North Sea Lifting - The International Rigging and Lifting Handbook
5.10 Regulation 9 - Thorough Examination
Synopsis
Throughout the life of any piece of lifting equipment it must be accompanied by a valid certificate to show that it has
been manufactured properly and subsequently received thorough examinations to ensure continued integrity and
fitness for safe use.
This regulation presents the owner and user of lifting equipment with a number of options, some prescriptive, for
establishing examination schemes.
The term “inspection” has a special meaning under LOLER and in general “thorough examination” should always be
used.
Key Points
• Employer must identify all equipment, which requires thorough examination.
• The employer shall ensure that lifting equipment transferred in or out of his undertaking has a valid thorough
examination record.
In-Service
• All lifting equipment deteriorates in use and therefore a thorough examination must be carried out.
• A choice exists, either to have the lifting equipment thoroughly examined at intervals no longer than those
specified in the regulation or in accordance with intervals specified in an examination scheme
• Thorough examination intervals under the fixed scheme:
• every 6 months if the equipment is used for lifting persons
• every 6 months for lifting accessories (slings, shackles etc)
• every 12 months for all other lifting equipment (chain hoists, lever hoists etc)
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• A thorough examination must be carried out following exceptional circumstances which may have jeopardised
the safety of the equipment; for example, following an overload or changeout of a major load path item
• In addition to thorough examinations, where user risks have been identified inspections should be carried out.
The inspection should include visual checks and function tests and be carried out by persons competent to do
so.
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5.11 Planning a Lifting Operation
Identify lifting
requirement
Yes Lifting Plan? No
Carry out risk Note all lifting

Review Lifting Plan assessment. plans shall be
No created by a
Plan suitable? Create Lifting competent
Plan person
Yes
Hold Pre-Job
Toolbox Talk,
Complete
Form
Any risks
ID'd?
No Yes
Identify
measures to
reduce risk
Risk
acceptable No
level?
Yes
Perform
lifting
operation
Any
STOP JOB Yes unforseen
hazards?
No
Complete task,
file lifting plan
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5.12 Lifting Operations Flowchart
Requirement for lift identified
Appoint Competent Person(s) to

plan and supervise lift
Assess operation for degree and

nature of risk. Identify lift category.
Implement control measures
Categories of Lift Control Measures

ROUTINE
Routine Crane Operations/Lifting Operation Carried out by competent personnel e.g. Deck
– e.g. Deck operations, boat transfers Crew/Crane Op./Riggers
– Suitable environmental conditions Written procedures or Standing instructions,
– Load with known and evaluated weight, Generic Lifting Plan.
shape and centre of gravity Toolbox Talk
– Standard rigging arrangements Rigging & Lifting Handbook
NON-ROUTINE
Simple or Basic Lifting Operation Carried out by competent personnel e.g.
Riggers, Deck Crew & others who have
– Only one item of lifting equipment
training in hoisting & lifting/rigging skills
– Standard rigging arrangement Permit to Work
– Stable, known weight with adequate lifting Generic Lifting Plan or Written Lifting Plan
points Toolbox Talk
– Out-with sensitive, difficult or restricted area Rigging & Lifting Handbook
Complicated or Standard Lifting Operation Carried out by competent Riggers/Crane Op.

– Lifting personnel Written Lifting Plan.
– Extended duration e.g. More than 1 shift Permit to Work
– Use of two or more items of lifting Risk Assessment
equipment (Tandem lifts) Toolbox Talk
– Within sensitive, difficult or restricted area Rigging & Lifting Handbook
Complex or Specialised Lifting Operation Carried out by competent Riggers/Crane Op.

– Lifts over live plant Impact/Hazard Study
– Unknown or difficult to estimate centre of Method statement/Lifting Plan with engineering
gravity input required
– Use of two or more items of lifting Permit to Work
equipment (Tandem lifts)
Risk Assessment
– Environmental conditions liable to affect
operations Toolbox Talk
– Non-standard rigging or equipment Rigging & Lifting Handbook
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5.13 Lifting Operation Plan
PAGE 1 of
LIFTING OPERATION PLAN
Location: Area:
Permit No.: Risk Assessment No:
Generic Lifting Plan No: Method Statement No.:
Is Diagram/Sketch Of Lifting Operation Enclosed? YES/NO
Description Of Lifting Operation:
Weight Of Load: ACTUAL / ASSESSED (delete as appropriate)
Lifting Equipment & Accessories To Be Used (specify type, Safe Working Load & colour code)
All Lifting Operations Require The Following To Be Considered But This List Is Not Exhaustive.
❒ weight, size, shape and centre of gravity of load ❒ working under suspended loads
❒ method of slinging/attaching/detaching the load ❒ overturning/load integrity/need for tag lines
❒ availability of approved lifting points on load ❒ environmental conditions including weather
❒ pre-use equipment checks by operator ❒ experience, competence and training of personnel
❒ proximity hazards, obstructions, path of load ❒ number of personnel required for task
❒ conflicting tasks in area ❒ communication requirements
Task Details (Step By Step)
Method(s) Of Communication To Be Used Radio ❒ Verbal ❒ Hand Signals ❒
Steps Taken To Eliminate Danger To Personnel Involved & Others, Including Barriers Where Appropriate:
De-brief and learning points:
Planned By: Name: Signature: Date:
Reviewed By: Name: Signature: Date:
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6.0 Daily Inspection
6.1 Crane Access Ladders, Walkways and Hatches
6.1.1 Each time that they access the crane and prior to commencement of lifting operations, the Crane Operator
must ensure that all access ladders, walkways, gates and hatches are:-
1) free from obstruction
2) cleaned of any residual oils and greases and that:-
3) all deck plates are secured and access hatches closed
4) Service hoses, e.g., diesel, air, and water are neatly stowed
5) Warning signs and barriers are posted accordingly.
6.2 Pre-start Checks
6.2.1 Carry out a visual check of the crane to determine its serviceability. This
should include the boom, hook blocks, sheaves, wire ropes and pendants
(including spooling on drums, rope terminations and any anchorage points), cab
and machinery house cladding.
6.2.2 Ensure that the pre-start check list supplied by the Manufacturer or Owner
is completed. These should include a physical check of all oil levels, coolant level
and fuel level.
6.2.3 Check that all guards over and around moving machinery are in place and
secure.
6.2.4 Check that cladding and panelwork in crane operations cab and Machinery House is watertight in order to
prevent water ingress which may affect the operational integrity of the crane.
6.3 Housekeeping
6.3.1 Check machinery house is in a clean and tidy condition. Clean up any oil spillages and remove any loose
materials, e.g. tools, rags.
6.3.2 Ensure that all personal belongings or clothing are stored in such a manner that they do not interfere with the
proper control of the crane during operations.
6.3.3 Check that the operator’s cabin windows are clean, windscreen wipers are in good condition and that the
screen wash system operates.
6.3.4 Ensure that crane structures, walkways etc, are free from all loose material, tools etc, which may have the
potential to result in falling objects. It is imperative that a high standard of housekeeping is maintained at all times.
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6.4 Start-up (Prime Mover)
6.4.1 Prior to start-up, ensure that all controls are in neutral position and that the
main clutch (where fitted) is disengaged.
6.4.2 On start-up of prime mover, ensure that all air and oil pressure gauges are
within safe operating range before carrying out function check of the crane
controls.
6.4.3 Carry out function check of all crane controls at the commencement of each
shift. On friction clutch and brake type cranes it is imperative that the co-efficiency
of these components are ensured as there is potential for ingress of foreign
material which could cause slippage, e.g. water, grease etc.
6.5 Overhoist Limits/Cut-outs
6.5.1 At the commencement of each shift, carry out a function check of the boom
minimum radius cut-out and the hook block (main/auxiliary) overhoist cut-outs. These
checks should be extended to include maximum radius and maximum pay-out limits,
when they are fitted.
6.5.2 Always approach limits with caution. During normal operation reliance must
not be placed on limit switches or cut-out devices to stop crane motions, crane
operators must always be aware of the proximity of equipment to limiting cut-out
devices.
6.5.3 Limit switches should not normally be overridden. However, on certain 1st generation crane types such as
NCK EIGER and Linkbelt where it is normally permissible to carry out lifting operations within the 1st stage electrical
(Mipeg) and 2nd stage mechanical limiting devices, extreme caution must be exercised by the crane operator.
The relevant sections of the crane manufacturers operations manual, client and company Standing Instruction and
procedures must be referenced and complied with.
If there is any doubt that the operation cannot be carried out safely the incumbent must suspend operations until
such time as control measures have been introduced, and all necessary precautions have been taken to eliminate
potential risks.
On completion of the manoeuvre, the crane operator shall ensure that the switch is returned to its normal position
and that the device is again fully operational.
6.6 Rated Capacity Indicators
6.6.1 Prior to the commencement of lifting operations, ensure that the rated
capacity indicator is serviceable. Check that the appropriate platform or sea-state
condition is selected and that the correct number of wire rope reeving is displayed.
6.6.2 Where a mechanically operated rated capacity indicator is in use, ensure

MIPEG
1000 that the correct platform/sea-state cam is fitted.
6.6.3 Activate the test function to ensure that all visual and audible alarms operate correctly.
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6.6.4 Ensure that appropriate load/radius chart is in good condition and posted at a strategic point within the
operator’s cabin.
6.7 Emergency Load Release and Gross Overload Protection System
6.7.1 Always ensure that the manually applied Emergency Load Release is secure and cannot be inadvertently
activated during normal operations. This type of system, where fitted, must be function checked in controlled
circumstances, generally with an unladen hook and only by a competent person who is authorised to perform the
activity. Procedures issued for this purpose must be strictly adhered to.
6.7.2 Where the integrity of the crane is protected by an automatic Gross Overload Protection system the Crane
Operator must ensure, prior to the commencement of operations each shift, that system pressures are within the
appropriate operating range.
6.7.3 Function testing of any such system must only be undertaken by authorised, competent persons, adhering to
procedures issued by the Crane Manufacturer, Owner or Employer.
6.8 Emergency Engine Stops
6.8.1 Never use an emergency stop to shut down an engine during normal operations. These systems should only
be used during a periodic function check or, if the normal stop system fails to operate, in the event of a dangerous
engine condition or component failure occurring.
6.9 Safety Equipment
6.9.1 The Crane Operator must carry out a regular visual e.g. (daily) check to ensure that all available safety
equipment such as life jacket, breathing apparatus and emergency escape equipment is secure and in good
condition.
6.9.2 The Crane Operator will ensure that the fire extinguishes provided are of the correct type and size as specified
by the Owner and that they are familiar with application and use of the units provided.
6.10 Refuelling the Crane
6.10.1 While refuelling of the crane is taking place, Crane Operators must observe the following minimum safety
requirements:-
6.10.2 Refuelling must not take place whilst the engine is running.
6.10.3 Refuelling operations are only to be carried out under the supervision of the Crane
Operator or Maintainer who must remain at the station during the refuelling operation. The
appropriate COSHH / Risk / Environmental Assessments must be taken into account prior to
commencement of the refuelling operation.
6.10.4 Extreme care must be taken to prevent overflow or spillage of fuel onto the engine,
exhaust or electrical equipment.
6.10.5 Ensure that all isolation valves are closed on completion of the refuelling operation.
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6.11 Checks to be Carried Out During Operation of the Crane
6.11.1 Periodically check all gauges to ensure that all pressures and temperatures remain within the safe operating
range.
6.11.2 Listen for unusual engine and/or machinery noises.
6.11.3 Be aware of slight ‘shocks’ which could indicate bad spooling of hoist ropes or imminent
equipment/machinery failure.
6.11.4 If anything out of the ordinary occurs – Stop! Check! Report defects or malfunctions to the Line Supervisor,
Crane Mechanic or Owner’s Representative.
7.0 General Crane Operations
7.1 Signals
7.1.1 Lack of effective communication is one of the main contributors to safety problems arising from routine and
non-routine activities within industry.
It is therefore imperative that Crane Operators and Banksmen are familiar with the system of signaling used on board
the Installation. Banksman signals to British Standard BS7121 normally apply (see section 10.0).
7.1.2 The Crane Operator must ensure that the banksman signalling system is clearly displayed at a strategic point
within the crane operating cabin.
7.1.3 The Crane Operator is to make himself aware of all those personnel designated as Authorised Banksmen.
7.1.4 Only respond to hand or radio signals when they are given by an Authorised Banksman. The Crane Operator
should only respond to signals from other persons in an emergency situation, i.e. when the ‘stop’ signal is given,
either visually or orally.
7.1.5 When hand signals are being used, maintain visual contact with the Banksman. Lifting operations must cease
if visual contact is lost. These operations can only recommence when a clear line of vision is re-established.
7.1.6 When radio communication signalling is being used, the Crane Operator is to reach a clear understanding with
the Banksman before lifting operations begin. If there is any interruption to the communication (e.g. third party
transmission) the Crane Operator must stop the lifting operation immediately, until communication with the
Banksman is re-established.
7.1.7 When the Crane Operator’s ability to see hand signals from the Banksman is impaired by inclement weather
conditions or darkness, etc., crane operations are to cease if the Crane Operator feels that the operation cannot be
executed safely.
7.2 Load Handling/Movement on the Installation
7.2.1 Prior to commencing lifting operations, the Crane Operator is to take stock of the prevailing weather conditions,
e.g. wind speed/direction and visibility. Lifting operations shall not commence if the weather or environmental
conditions are liable to jeopardise the safety of the activity.
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7.2.2 While there is a shared responsibility for the safety of each lifting operation (e.g. crane operator, banksman
and slinger) the banksman remains the person in charge of the lifting activity.
7.2.3 Before a load is attached, the Crane Operator must be aware of the weight of the load to be lifted and will
satisfy himself that the lifting gear being used is certified (eg colour coded), of sufficient capacity and is correctly
attached and positioned, so as to prevent uneven lifting or slippage of the load. (Responsibility for slinging rests with
the riggers or deck crew).
7.2.4 Prior to hoisting, ensure that the Banksman has correctly positioned the hook over the centre of the lifting
point, so as to alleviate any ‘drift’ in the load as it is lifted clear of the deck.
7.2.5 When lifting from baskets or containers the lift shall not commence until personnel are clear of the immediate
area of the lift, i.e. out of the basket or container.
7.2.6 As the load is lifted off the deck, monitor the Rated Capacity Indicator for a possible overload situation
developing.
7.2.7 At the commencement of the first lift, the Crane Operator must check the operation of the hoist brake.
7.2.8 Ensure that tag lines or handling lines are attached to long or awkward lifts, e.g. casing/drill pipe bundles,
completion baskets, etc. to facilitate safe handling of the load, except when backloading to supply vessels.
7.2.9 When moving loads across the deck of the installation, the Crane Operator should be aware of any other
activities/ obstructions within the crane radius arc and shall, whenever possible, avoid the movement of loads over
the heads of other personnel. Sound the crane horn as a warning to personnel.
7.2.10 When carrying out ‘blind lifts’, monitor the Rated Capacity Indicator for any loss or increase in the weight of
the load. This could indicate that the load has snagged on the superstructure or the adjacent equipment. Cease the
lifting operation and advise the Banksman.
7.2.11 Always keep loads within the specified radius of the crane. Do not permit Load Handlers to push or pull loads,
either manually or mechanically, inside or outside the working parameters of the crane. The crane hoist rope must
always be retained in a vertical state.
7.2.12 When the load remains static for any reason, the Crane Operator must not leave his position at the controls.
Where the load is to remain static for prolonged periods, engage the hoist drum brake and the boom drum pawl
(where these devices are not automatically applied) which shall prevent the lowering of the suspended load.
7.2.13 During crane operations, carry out all movements in a controlled manner. Smooth operation of the crane
reduces the possibility of the inherent risks involved with undue shock loading or stress to the structure and/or
machinery.
7.2.14 If weather conditions are/become adverse, resist pressure to carry out lifts which you consider dangerous.
Consult with your Line Supervisor and Responsible Person for Lifting Operations. The operation should be
suspended until conditions improve and you are satisfied that the lifting operation can be carried out without
compromising safety in any way.
7.2.15 Where lifting activities necessitate the Crane boom to operate in close proximity to conflicting structures such
as drilling derricks, telecom towers, accommodation structures etc, a toolbox talk and lifting plan should be carried
out between all concerned parties, outlining all associated risks and subsequent control measures to be taken.
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7.2.16 Where a Crane boom is operating in close proximity to conflicting structures the Crane Operator shall ensure
that a Banksman is positioned at a point where he has a clear overview of the load, Crane boom and potential
contact points.
7.2.17 If at any point the Crane Operator becomes concerned that the boom is too close to a conflicting structure,
or that he has been instructed by the Banksman to undertake a manoeuvre which may result in a collision, he must
cease operations immediately and advise the Banksman of his concerns. Crane operations must not re-commence
until such time that appropriate control measures have been put in place and all necessary precautions have been
taken.
7.3 Cargo Handling - Supply Vessels
7.3.1 Establish radio communication with the Captain of the supply vessel or where
applicable the vessel’s deck crew.
7.3.2 Prior to the commence-ment of discharging and backloading of cargo from/to

supply vessels, confirm the prevailing wind and sea-state conditions.
7.3.3 Ensure that the Rated Capacity Indicator is adjusted to register the appropriate sea-state condition. Any
alteration in sea-state during cargo handling operations should be taken into account and the Rated Capacity
Indicator altered accordingly.
7.3.4 Be aware of the weights of the cargo to be discharged/back loaded from the supply vessel. Obtain a copy of
the cargo manifest, prior to commencement of the operation.
7.3.5 Prior to hoisting loads off a supply vessel deck, ensure that the ship’s crew have reached a position of safety
well clear of the cargo handling area and have given the appropriate signal or instruction to hoist.
7.3.6 Prior to backloading cargo to a supply vessel deck, ensure that the ship’s deck crew are in a position of safety,
well clear of the intended cargo stowage area.
7.3.7 When hoisting loads off a moving supply vessel deck packed with cargo, the Crane Operator should be alert
for snag-ups or loads which are still lashed to the deck or for wrongly manifested cargo weights.
7.3.8 During lifting operations, particularly whilst engaged in supply vessel activities, the Crane Operator shall take
all necessary actions to avoid excessive impact and avert shock loading being transmitted to the crane. The Crane
Operator should wait for the correct moment to make the lift, and should not be rushed by frantic arm waving from
the vessel deck crew personnel.
7.3.9 Where practicable the Crane Operator should not use maximum boom radius during supply vessel
discharging and backloading operations. The Crane Operator shall assess each individual situation taking into
account the supply vessel “drift” movement and prevailing environmental conditions. Some boom radius should be
retained in reserve, to compensate for the “drift” movement in the event that it is necessary to abort the operation in
instances when the supply vessel is unable to hold station alongside the installation.
7.3.10 If a load is immersed in the sea for any reason, be aware of the possible increase in weight from water
absorption. Report the incident to the individual designated by the Offshore Installation Manager as the Responsible
Person for Lifting Operations so that he can check the load and/or contents for any damage sustained following its
retrieval.
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7.3.11 Whenever possible, hoist/lower loads over open water and not over the supply vessel deck.
7.3.12 When discharging long tubulars, baskets or other awkward loads, ensure that hand lines are attached to
assist with the control and handling of the load on the installation deck.
7.4 Crane Operation - FPSO’s / DSV’s
7.4.1 The Crane Operator shall exercise extreme caution during Crane Operations on FPSO’s / DSV’s. Primary
considerations should include:-
• Vessel stability (pitch, roll, and heave)
• Proximity to “live” process plant or other equipment
• Establishment of realistic operational limitations
• All individuals involved in the lifting operation shall be familiar with the crane operational characteristics and
parameters. They should also be familiar with the working environment and the combined behavioural pattern
of the vessel and crane(s)
• Potential dangers while carrying out lifts outwith the Crane Operator’s line of vision i.e., “blind lifts”
• That handlines of appropriate length and strength should be attached to guide and steady loads.
• That a crane lift should not commence until such time as the intended landing area has been checked to ensure
that there is adequate room to receive the load. The Crane Operator, in conjunction with the person in charge
of the lifting activity shall also ensure that a Banksman and Load Handler(s) are in position to receive the load
prior to its initial movement. The only exception to this is when the Banksman and Load Handler(s) have
sufficient time during the transfer of the load to take up position on the intended landing area.
7.4.2 In addition to the primary considerations the Crane Operator should be aware of the following potential
problems inherent to lifting activities on FPSO’s / DSV’s:-
• Snagging or collision potential during operations close to conflicting structures/plant.
• Difficulty in controlling lateral movement of the load while carrying out lifting operations adjacent to process
plant or down hatches due to the various forces being applied to FPSO’s / DSV’s
• Loss of control being exacerbated as boom radius is increased
• Forces being applied to the Crane structure as a result of swinging loads.
7.4.3 Problems inherent to lifting activities during Supply Vessel

discharging/backloading operations
• Danger to Supply Vessel crew from “swinging loads” or hook(s) fitted to cargo handling pendant(s)
• Snagging potential ever present when discharging cargo
• Combined dynamic forces applied to crane are increased during Supply Vessel operations giving greater
potential for incident
• Excessive movement at stern of vessel where FPSO / DSV cargo is normally stowed relative to short crane
boom.
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7.5 Bulk Hose Handling
7.5.1 The Crane Operator must exercise extreme caution when transferring bulk/liquid hoses between the
Installation and supply vessel. Follow the Banksman's signal and monitor the Rated Capacity Indicator for any
sudden increase in weight which may indicate that the hose has snagged on a protrusion on the Installation or supply
vessel.
7.5.2 In instances where a dry bulk hose has to be cleaned out by releasing a charge of high pressure air through
the system, the Crane Operator must establish radio contact with the bulk handler prior to commencement of the
operation.
7.5.3 The open end of the hose must be lowered to a position near sea level and at an angle from the Installation
whereby dry bulk dust will be carried down wind, thus preventing ingress to plant or accommodation air intakes.
Shipping in the vicinity should be warned.
7.5.4 Only when the Crane Operator gives the signal that the bulk hose is suitably positioned can the bulk handler,
release air through the system.
7.5.5 The Crane Operator must not take action to re-stow or transfer the hose to a supply vessel until he receives
direct confirmation from the bulk handler that the line has been depressurised.
7.6 Personnel Carrier Transfers
7.6.1 Personnel carrier transfers to or from Offshore Installations are considered a high risk operation and should
only be used in exceptional circumstances, ie emergency situation or when transfer is essential, and it is not
practicable to gain access by less hazardous means (see LOLER Regulation 5 and HSE Safety Notice 10/80)
Normally the Offshore Installation Manager is the only person to permit the use of Personnel transfer carriers.
The “Billy Pugh” type of personnel basket does not comply with Regulation No 5 of LOLER and should only be used
in exceptional circumstances.
The Duty holders policy on the use of Personnel transfer carriers, which should include authority and clearly define
the circumstances for use must be complied with.
7.6.2 Where it is necessary to transfer personnel to or from a vessel, the Crane Operator must always have a clear
view of the embarkation areas, load path and landing areas.
7.6.3 Check the prevailing weather conditions, e.g. wind speed and sea-state to ensure that they fall within the
criteria listed in the Installation’s own Safety Operating Procedures.
7.6.4 Where applicable, ensure that a secondary safety sling is attached between the carrier and the crane hook
block, and that a hand line of sufficient length is attached to assist with controlling the carrier while it is being lowered
to the supply vessel deck.
7.6.5 Establish radio communication with the Captain of the supply vessel prior to commencement of the transfer
operation.
7.6.6 Check that all other criteria required for the operation are met, e.g. stand-by vessel has been alerted,
passengers are wearing the appropriate immersion suits and life jackets and that they have been briefed on all facets
of the transfer. Particular reference should be made to embarkation and disembarkation methods.
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7.6.7 Ensure that the personnel carrier is not swung over the side of the installation or the supply vessel until it has
been hoisted to a height where both the basket and the attached hand line are clear of all obstructions and potential
snagging points.
7.6.8 Ensure that the Banksman is on hand to take control of signalling in the event that visual contact with the
carrier or landing area is lost.
7.7 Helicopter Operations
7.7.1 All crane operations must stop during helicopter landings, unless
dispensation has been given to carry out special tasks.
7.7.2 If it is not a requirement to place the crane boom on the boom rest during
helicopter operations, liaise with the Helicopter Landing Officer to ensure that
the boom is positioned to prevent interference with the flying programme.
7.7.3 The Crane Operator must ensure that, before leaving the crane unattended, the crane boom is placed in the
boom rest and/or the slew brake applied. The crane must never be left parked with the boom in the proximity of the
helicopter landing deck.
7.7.4 Always ensure that aviation warning lights remain switched on when the boom is in the air and when 'A'
Frames or Masts extend to 15m or more above the heli-landing deck.
7.7.5 Where Installation instructions are available detailing the steps to be taken during helicopter operations, then
such instructions are to be implemented. The Crane Operator will ensure that he is familiar with the contents of the
Installation’s standing orders on this subject.
8.0 General Instructions
8.1 Do Not’s
8.1.1 Do not operate the crane until you are certain that personnel descending from the
crane or its structure are well clear/outwith the swing path of the crane superstructure and
have signalled the all-clear to you.
8.1.2 Do not authorise access to the crane or its superstructure until the crane has been
brought to a complete halt. Ensure that personnel accessing the crane advise of their
intentions when on board. Signs which state that “Authorised Personnel Only Beyond This Point” shall be posted at a
strategic point, e.g., at the entrance of the Crane access point.
8.1.3 Do not lift loads outside or inside the working radius of the crane.
8.1.4 Do not depend on limits or cut-outs to stop the boom or load line motions.
8.1.5 Do not engage slew parking brake or lock until the crane superstructure has come to a halt.
8.1.6 Do not use slewing motion to drag loads over the decks. This imposes severe side stresses on the crane boom.
8.1.7 Do not carry out single point lifts with one handling pennant hooked into the other. This presents snagging
potential.
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8.1.8 Do not, on cranes equipped with more than one hook block, operate the crane with a handling pennant or
other ancillary equipment attached to the stowed hook block.
8.1.9 Do not lift long or awkward loads without hand lines attached. (Except when backloading to supply vessels).
8.1.10 Do not lift personnel through the use of a Banksman – always insist on being able to see for yourself.
8.1.11 Do not continue with a lifting operation if you lose sight or radio contact with your designated Banksman.
8.1.12 Do not lift loads from baskets or containers until all personnel have come out of the unit concerned.
8.1.13 Do not interfere with Rated Capacity Indicators or other safety equipment attached to the crane. This is
illegal.
8.1.14 Do not allow personnel to ride on crane hook blocks or on loads.
8.1.15 Do not slew the crane outboard with a load on the hook when divers are working in the vicinity.
8.1.16 Do not leave the crane control cabin when there is a load suspended on the hook.
8.1.17 Do not use the crane if a fault or defect is liable to compromise the safety of personnel or lead to the possible
damage of equipment.
8.1.18 Do not tamper with or adjust any equipment on the crane unless you have the technical qualification, are
competent and/or are authorised to do so.
8.1.19 Do not operate the crane unless the Gross Overload Protection system pressures are in safe operating
range. (Where system fitted).
8.1.20 Do not over grease crane components. This could lead to brake and clutch slippages during lifting
operations.
8.1.21 Do not operate the crane in weather conditions outside the parameters laid down in the Installation’s Safe
Operating Procedures or Standing Orders Manual.
8.1.22 Do not lift loads of large surface areas, e.g. steel plates, in high wind conditions. Always assess the effect
the weather conditions could have on the behaviour of the load.
8.1.23 Do not carry out supply vessel discharging or backloading operations with the Rated Capacity Indicator
adjusted to platform duties. The appropriate sea-state duties must be selected and/or cam fitted.
8.1.24 Do not carry out cargo transfer to/from diving vessels or attendant semi-submersible unless the appropriate
sea-state duty has been selected.
8.1.25 Do not lift wire ropes, cables, or other material/equipment of a similar nature which are not already spooled
on drums provided for that purpose. An appropriate Risk Assessment must be conducted and one of the following
methods adopted:-
• The material has been coiled and then slung securely using an approved slinging arrangement method
involving at least a double wrap and bite
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• The material can be lifted in a single strand provided the lifting arrangement is
(a) Secured approximately 1⁄4 to1⁄3 from one end by use of a clamp or other device to prevent the lifting strop
slipping.
(b) A certified lifting device specifically designed for the purpose is used.
8.2 Do’s
8.2.1 Do ensure that you are fully conversant with the relevant Installation Safe Operating
Procedures and Standing Instructions.
8.2.2 Do ensure that you are fully conversant with the controls and characteristics of the
crane you are about to operate.
8.2.3 Do carry out a visual check of the crane to determine serviceability.
8.2.4 Do complete the Manufacturer’s or Owner’s pre-start and operational check list prior to commencing crane
operations.
8.2.5 Do report any defects to your Line Supervisor or to the individual designated by the Offshore Installation
Manager as the Responsible Person.
8.2.6 Do post “Do Not Operate” signs in a prominent position in the operator’s cabin if the crane is out of use for
maintenance, etc.
8.2.7 Do ensure that the crane engine (or alternative power pack) is isolated and that systems have been
depressurised while maintenance is being carried out.
8.2.8 Do ensure that the Rated Capacity Indicator is fully operational and that the appropriate adjustments have
been made to suit prevailing conditions, e.g. platform/sea-state duties, number of reeving falls on hook block.
8.2.9 Do confirm the security of the manually activated Emergency Load Release controller to ensure that it cannot
be inadvertently activated.
8.2.10 Do be aware of the wind speed and direction and, where applicable, sea-state.
8.2.11 Do keep within the crane’s operating radius at all times during lifting operations.
8.2.12 Do make use of the crane’s boom safety pawl (if fitted) when lifting loads at long radii, heavy loads, when
raising boom from its rest, from across the deck, or when the crane is parked or under maintenance.
8.2.13 Do ensure that a cargo handling pendant, or sufficient length/capacity and sheathed in hi-visibility cover, is
used when discharging and/or backloading supply vessels.
8.2.14 Do ensure that only the required number of handling pennants for carrying out the lift are attached to the
crane hook, i.e. single point lift – single pennant (this particularly applies when engaged in supply vessel operation).
8.2.15 Do ensure that you are aware of any obstruction and/or activities that are ongoing within the operating radius
of the crane.
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8.2.16 Do ensure that the Banksman has taken up position to determine the crane boom proximity to potential
collision points when carrying out lifts from areas such as the Drill Floor, Flare Tower Base, Radio Mast etc.
8.2.17 Do talk to the Banksman to ensure that you are aware of all aspects/requirements of the lifting operation to
be undertaken and of the signalling method to be used.
8.2.18 Do ensure that a Banksman is present when stowing the boom in its cradle.
8.2.19 Do function check all hoist and lower control systems prior to commencement of lifting operations. Particular
care must be taken when operating friction clutch and brake type cranes. Ensure the co-efficiency of these
components as it is crucial that they are maintained in a clean and dry condition.
8.2.20 Do operate the crane controls as smoothly as conditions allow and try to avoid ‘snatch’ as shock loading
imposes undue strain on the crane, its equipment and support structure.
8.2.21 Do exercise extreme caution when using friction clutch and brake type cranes to lower heavy loads. At all
times ensure that the load's speed of descent is retained under control and within the capabilities of the crane's load
lowering, transmission and braking system.
8.2.22 Do exercise caution when lowering the crane hook block such that the rope “payout rate” is not exceeded,
thus preventing possible damage to the rope.
8.2.23 Do everything possible to operate and maintain the crane in a manner which ensures the complete safety
of the crane, the Installation and all personnel in the vicinity.
8.2.24 Do talk to the Crane Operator from the previous shift before he leaves the crane to determine if the crane
has any defects which require immediate rectification or if there is any other important information which should be
known. Similarly, at the end of each tour of duty, ensure that “safety critical” information is relayed to relief personnel
on the proforma provided for the purpose.
8.2.25 Do ensure that loads are landed safely and the crane is secured if an Installation emergency occurs.
8.2.26 Do ensure that you are familiar with the operation of emergency load release and load lowering equipment
(if fitted).
8.2.27 Do ensure that during activities outwith the crane cab, your portable radio is secured to your person in a
protective pouch/holster by means of a waist belt or shoulder lanyard.
8.2.28 Do ensure that during crane maintenance activities that tools, equipment and lubricants are retained in a
secure manner. This is particularly important when working at heights. Where hand tools are being used in these
circumstances the use of a “tool saver” device is mandatory.
8.2.29 During winter weather conditions a build up of snow and ice on the crane boom is possible. When these
conditions prevail, crane operational personnel shall inspect the crane boom, and take necessary actions to ensure
the Hazard Potential is alleviated.
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9.0 Banksmen / Slingers Procedures

Cranes can be dangerous machines in the wrong hands and, as such, require skilled persons to operate and
maintain them.
As well as the actual Crane Operator, at least two more important and essential members are required to make up
the team.
They are the BANKSMAN and the SLINGER. Accordingly the minimum number of personnel involved in each lifting
team shall be three. They are:-
i) the Crane Operator
ii) the Banksman
iii) the Slinger
While there is a shared responsibility for safety and efficiency attached to each lifting operation, the Banksman
remains the person in charge of the lifting activity.
These procedures should be implemented in conjunction with the crane operating procedures listed in sections 1-6
to form integrated Crane Operator and Banksman/Slinger procedures.
9.1.1 Risk assessments relative to Crane Operations are contained within the Sparrows assessment manual held
on each Installation where they have resident personnel assigned. These should be considered prior to
commencement of crane operations. Where appropriate, when an additional risk assessment is necessary, this
should be undertaken, documented and retained on record.
9.1.2 When the Slinger/Banksman and other crew members are involved in crane maintenance duties, such as rope
changes, the applicable Risk Assessments and COSHH Assessments shall be utilised for the activity. During such
activities either the Crane Maintainer, Crane Maintainer/Operator or Crane Operator will normally be designated as
the Task Supervisor.
9.1.3 The procedures contained within this manual should be used in conjunction with and complement relevant
sections of the individual installation’s own Procedures and Standing Instructions or Orders allied to load handling.
Other documents such as Client and Company Safety Management System and Quality Assurance System manuals
and Clients/Company Interface documents should also be given appropriate consideration.
9.1.4 It is anticipated that at the commencement of each shift all personnel involved in crane operations shall be
involved in a Toolbox Talk, and apprised of the lifting requirements and priorities for user departments. The allocation
of duties to achieve an efficient and safe operation shall normally be made by the Deck Foreman or deck crew team
leader.
9.2 The Banksman / Slinger
9.2.1 The Banksman controls the initial lifting of the load and its final positioning on the landing area or site. He
shall be assisted in each lift by the Slinger who also acts as the load handler.
9.2.2 Additional personnel shall be deployed as necessary as load handlers to ensure the safety of the lifting
operation.
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9.2.3 The Banksman shall not get involved in the actual handling of the load. He/she must retain an overview of the
lifting operation at all times.
9.2.4 The Banksman and Slinger shall discuss each lifting programme with the Crane Operator to ensure that each
understands the sequence relative to the priority of lifts, any problems that are known or may occur, and the
methodology to achieve a safe and efficient lifting operation.
9.2.5 Prior to discharging or backloading of supply vessels the Banksman shall ensure that both he and the Crane
Operator are in possession of a copy of the cargo manifest and that a discussion has taken place with the Deck
Foreman with regard to the planning of the impending activity and the priority of lifting.
9.3 Safe Working Procedures
The Banksman must:-
9.3.1 Ensure that he is easily identifiable from other personnel by wearing a hi-vis jacket or waistcoat which is clearly
marked to indicate that he is an authorised crane Banksman.
9.3.2 Ensure that both he and the Crane Operator are aware of all aspects of the lifting operation to be undertaken.
9.3.3 Ensure that both he and the Crane Operator have agreed and are familiar with the method of signalling to be
used. All signalling must be conducted in a clear and concise manner (see Recommended Crane Signals - Section
10).
9.3.4 Be aware of the wind speed and direction.
9.3.5 Know the weight of the load.
9.3.6 Be familiar with the capacities and parameters of the crane in use.
9.3.7 Check that the lifting gear being used is in good condition, certified for use, correctly colour coded and of
sufficient capacity to carry out the lift.
9.3.8 Ensure that a cargo handling pennant of appropriate length and capacity is attached to the crane hook and
is suitable for the particular lift to be carried out. In the case of supply vessel operations the pennant deployed shall
under normal circumstances be no less than 10m and shall be sheathed with a hi-visibility cover.
9.3.9 Ensure that taglines/handlines are attached to any long or awkward loads to facilitate easier handling e.g.
casing, drill pipe, completion baskets, except when backloading to supply vessels.
9.3.10 Be aware of any obstructions within the crane’s radius and working area.
9.3.11 Check that the area around the load to be lifted is clear and that the load is not attached to the deck,
transportation cradle, or adjacent equipment. Ensure that taglines/handlines in use are not secured or tied off to
adjacent equipment or structures.
9.3.12 Be aware of potential snagging points in the vicinity of the load whilst hoisting/lowering in restricted areas.
Always check above to ensure that the crane’s hoist rope, hook block assembly and attachments have a clear
passage.
9.3.13 Ensure that he identifies escape routes for all parties involved with each lifting operation, should a problem
develop whilst, either lifting the load clear of the deck or setting it down in its final position.
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9.3.14 If using hand signals, the Banksman shall stand in a position where the Crane Operator can clearly see him
and he can maintain visual contact with the load, load handler(s), and potential crane boom collision points such as
drilling derrick, flare tower, turbine exhausts etc.
9.3.15 When using radio communications to instruct the Crane Operator, the Banksman shall stand in a position
where he can maintain visual contact with the load, Load Handler(s) and potential crane boom collision points such
as the drilling derrick, flare tower, turbine exhausts etc.
9.3.16 Always use clear and distinct signals (either by hand or by radio) to control lifting operations. In poor light
conditions, exaggerate all hand signals.
9.3.17 When lifting, stop the load just clear of the deck to check balance and security of load. This will also give the
Crane Operator the opportunity to check the function of his hoist brake.
9.3.18 Make it clear to the Crane Operator where the load has to be moved to and placed. Ensure the receiving
landing area has sufficient room to take the load. If possible, precede each load to its destination. Alternatively,
ensure that another team are in position to receive the load.
9.3.19 Warn other personnel in the area of the movement of the load. Avoid moving the load over the heads of other
personnel.
9.3.20 Keep a check on other activities within the crane’s operating area to avoid the development of unforeseen
hazards.
9.3.21 When carrying out lifts, under radio communication, which are out of the line of vision of the Crane Operator,
normally deemed “blind” lifts, ensure that the Crane Operator receives a full briefing of the intended lifting
operation(s). Paint a verbal picture of the manoeuvres/load movement that are about to be carried out and do not
proceed until he/she gives an acknowledgement of understanding.
9.3.22 During “blind” lifts the criticality of the lifting operation may be such that there is a requirement for the Crane
Operator to acknowledge and repeat the instruction he has received over the radio. Ensure that no part of the lifting
operation proceeds unless a precise acknowledgement has been received from the Crane Operator.
9.3.23 During “blind” lifts which are being conducted by a hand signalling method and more than one Banksman is
being used to relay instructions to the Crane Operator, each Banksman should stand in a position where he/she can
be clearly seen by the next person in the chain. All signals should be clear and precise. The Banksman at the load
should have a complete overview of the activity.
9.3.24 When lifting operations are being conducted through hatches to lower decks, always barrier off the hatch
area and erect signs with a contact number. The barriers must not be removed until the hatch has been replaced and
is secure.
9.3.25 During overhead lifting operations e.g. on the drill derrick or flare tower assemblies, the area at deck level
shall be barriered off to ensure that personnel not involved in the operation do not encroach and expose themselves
to the danger of potential falling objects. Appropriate signs with contact numbers should be posted.
9.3.26 If the crane stops, be aware it may well be that the Crane Operator has lost sight of the Banksman’s signals,
or, if radio communication is being used, a third party has transmitted on the working channel. Re-establish visual or
oral contact.
28
9.3.27 While the crane is engaged in cargo handling operations with a supply vessel, the Banksman shall be
available to assume control of the operation if requested to do so by the Crane Operator in the event that he loses
sight of the supply vessel deck or an emergency situation arises.
9.3.28 When engaged in deployment or restowage of bulk hoses, the Banksman and Handlers must never stand
in a position where there is potential for entanglement in a hose or being struck by a falling hose. Other personnel
must be kept well clear of the area. The Banksman should stand in a position where a clear view of the hose handling
operation can be attained. (It is strongly advised that safety cages or framework are erected over hose handling
stations to protect personnel involved in such operations in the event that a hose becomes detached from the crane
or lifting arrangement).
9.3.29 Do not land loads on areas which are designated as “No Load” areas.
9.3.30 Do not direct the crane in a load path over “live” plant.
9.3.31 Do not use unorthodox slinging methods or uncertified lifting equipment.
9.3.32 Do not use the crane to drag slings or other lifting equipment from below loads.
9.3.33 Do not stack cargo carrying units, tanks or equipment, unless they are specifically designed for that purpose
and it is permitted by the Installation.
9.3.34 Do not allow the carrying of personnel in baskets or other equipment unless it is specifically designed and
certified for that purpose (Ref. LOLER Reg. 5).
9.3.35 The removal of barrels, drums etc. from transit carriers or containers shall be carried out using lifting
equipment specifically designed for that purpose. Always ensure the integrity of the barrel rim. This equipment shall
not be used when lifting barrels or drums across platform areas. Secure methods of slinging shall be used for this
task.
9.3.36 Prior to either transfer on the installation or to a supply vessel the security of cargo inside CCU’s or baskets
etc. shall be ensured. Additionally the doors of containers shall be secured by application of a ty-wrap or similar
method.
9.3.37 Prior to movement on the installation or to a supply vessel, all units or equipment shall be checked to ensure:
(i) the security of panels.
(ii) the security of hatches.
(iii) that no loose equipment, tools or debris are lying on roof, framework etc.
(iv) that all valves are closed to prevent spillage.
(v) that there are no protrusions liable to cause snagging.
9.3.38 Do not use plate clamps for the purpose of transferring steel plate around the Installation. The use of this
type of lifting appliance is restricted to situations where plate is being removed from a racking system or is being
moved short distances where the lift can be retained just above deck level. A safer more secure method of lifting this
type of material e.g. by applying shackles, or by adopting an appropriate slinging arrangement, should always be the
first priority.
29
9.3.39 Bundles of tubulars such as drill pipe, casing and scaffold tubes shall always be slung using the “double
wrap” slinging method. Appropriate rope grips/clamps and tie-wraps shall also be applied to ensure the security of
the slinging arrangement, which shall be applied 25% in from either end of the tubulars.
9.3.40 When guiding equipment into or out of baskets or containers always keep hands clear of the load to ensure
entrapment is avoided. Apply handlines for this purpose. Personnel shall not enter baskets or containers during these
operations.
9.3.41 Do not lift wire ropes, cables, or other material/equipment of a similar nature which are not already spooled
on drums provided for that purpose. An appropriate Risk Assessment must be conducted and one of the following
methods adopted:-
• The material has been coiled and then slung securely using an approved slinging arrangement method
involving at least a double wrap and bite
• The material can be lifted in a single strand provided the lifting arrangement is
(a) Secured approximately 1⁄4 to1⁄3 from one end by use of a clamp or other device to prevent the lifting strop
slipping.
(b) A certified lifting device specifically designed for the purpose is used.
9.3.42 On occasions when it is necessary to double stack equipment, ensure that the integrity of lifting tackle and
bridles is not jeopardised. Cargo or equipment stowed on top of containers etc. must be secured against movement
by wind or collision with other equipment. There may be a policy on the installation which does not allow double
stacking of equipment. If this is the case please adhere to it.
9.3.43 If anything out of the ordinary occurs, STOP the lifting operation and CHECK that it is safe to continue.
10.0 Recommended Crane Signals - BS 7121
SIGNAL WITH ONE HAND, OTHER HAND ON HEAD
EXTEND JIB RETRACT JIB TRAVEL TO ME TRAVEL FROM ME OPERATIONS START EMERGENCY
TELESCOPING JIB SIGNAL WITH BOTH HANDS (FOLLOW MY INSTRUCTIONS) STOP STOP
CLENCH AND
UNCLENCH
FINGERS TO
SIGNAL
'INCH THE LOAD'
OPERATIONS CEASE
TRAVEL IN DIRECTION INDICATED OR CEASE TO FOLLOW MY INSTRUCTIONS HOIST LOWER SLOWLY LOWER
SIGNAL WITH ONE HAND, OTHER HAND ON HEAD
● Only those Personnel Authorised as Crane Banksmen

are permitted to give signals to the Crane Operator.
● The Banksman should stand in a position where he
can see the load and be clearly seen by the Crane
Operator.
JIB UP JIB DOWN
● Where possible, face the Crane Operator and make SLEW IN DIRECTION INDICATED
DERRICKING JIB
each signal distinct and clear.
The Signals illustrated are in accordance
● The Banksman must be easily identified e.g. by
with the recommendations of
wearing a Hi-Vis Jacket or Waistcoat clearly marked to
BS 7121 - Safe Use of Cranes.
indicate that he is an Authorised Banksman.
30
11.0 Controlling Crane Operations by Two Way Radio

Communication
11.1 Protocol for the Use of Two Way Radio Communication
11.1.1 Call signs should be set up and adhered to eg Alpha Deck, West Crane, etc.
11.1.2 Call signs must be used at all times in order to establish the authenticity of commands or directions.
11.1.3 At the end of an instruction or enquiry the transmitting operator should indicate the end of the message by
the command “over”.
11.1.4 The receiving operator should indicate understanding of the dialogue by the response “roger”.
11.1.5 Under no circumstances should the transmitting operator assume understanding without acknowledgement
ie “roger” from the receiving operator.
11.1.6 If any dubiety exists regarding a message the receiving operator must not acknowledge but should repeat
the message as he understands it and ask for confirmation or simply request the transmitting operator to repeat.
11.1.7 At the close of communications the transmitting operator should indicate the end of the transmission by the
command “over and out”.
11.1.8 Bearing in mind the broadcasting legislation, under no circumstances should profane language be used while
transmitting.
11.1.9 As these radios are transmitting at a high output, should the antenna ever become damaged exposing the
central core, the antenna must be immediately replaced in order to maintain not only optimum performance but to
ensure user safety.
11.2.1 The Crane Operator and Banksman should establish a clear understanding and line of communication prior
to the commencement of any lifting operation. Radio messages should reflect work requirements only. General
conversation should not be carried out over the air waves.
11.2.2 Always ensure that you fully depress the transmission button before speaking into the microphone. Speak
clearly at all times. Do not release the button until a few seconds after completing your message.
11.2.3 When banking the crane ensure that any accompanying colleagues’ radios are switched off. If more than one
radio is switched on in close proximity, it is inevitable that interference and/or distortion of the signal will take place
when an instruction is transmitted.
11.2.4 When a clear line of communication has been established with the Crane Operator ensure that if you move
position you re-establish that he is still receiving your message clearly.
11.2.5 During ‘blind’ lifts where the load is being hoisted or lowered for a long time (eg shaft/leg work) do not maintain
the transmission button in the depressed position for the duration of the lift. Likewise do not give an instruction at the
commencement of the lift and then cease communication until the lift has almost reached its destination. Give the
initial instruction and then talk to the Crane Operator every 10 - 15 ft to reassure him that the line of communication
is still active and that you are maintaining control of the lift.
31
11.2.6 During high winds ensure that the area of the microphone you speak into is not exposed to direct contact
with the wind. Otherwise the background noise created may distort the transmission.
11.2.7 Ensure the radio microphone is not exposed to rain. If a plastic carrying case offering full protection of the
radio is not available, a simple precautionary measure such as a small plastic bag or a piece of cling film around the
microphone will ensure it is maintained in a dry condition.
11.2.8 Do not carry radios in pockets. Always ensure they are carried in protective holsters attached to the body by
either shoulder lanyard or waist belt, quite apart from maintaining the integrity of the radio this measure will also
ensure that you are not exposing other personnel to danger should the radio be dislodged from your pocket or
dropped from the hand when working at height or climbing ladders.
12.0 Adverse Weather Guidelines

Adverse weather will increase the risks presented to personnel and assets as a result of lifting operations. To minimise the potential risk associated with lifting
operations the matrix below provides an example of operational limits for deck operations and factors that should be considered by those involved.
Assessment of Conditions Offshore

Mean Description Summarised State Probable Zone Additional
Wnd of Sea Description Significant Definition Information
Speed Wave
(knots) Height (m)
0-1 Calm Like a mirror 0 Normal Lifting The following situations

1-4 Light air Ripples like scales are formed 0 Zone may require cessation of
lifting operations:
5-8 Light breeze Small Wavelets, still short but 0.1
· loss of radio contact;
more pronounced; not breaking
· loss of visibility;
9 - 13 Gentle breeze Large wavelets, crests beginning 0.4
to break; a few white horses · vessel masters
14 - 21 Moderate breeze Small waves, growing longer; 1 discretion;
fairly frequent white horses · Crane Operators
22 - 27 Fresh breeze Moderate waves, taking more 2 discretion
pronounced form, many white
horses perhaps some spray
28 - 35 Strong breeze Large waves forming, white 3
foam crests more extensive;
probably some spray
36 - 43 Near gale Sea heaps-up; white foam from 4 Review and Lifting only with
breaking waves begins to blow Assessment Zone agreement of:
in streaks · Crane Operator
· Supply Vessel Master
· Person in Charge of
Lifting Operations
44 - 52 Gale Moderately high waves of 5.5 No Lifting: Emergency Lifting Only

greater length; edges break in Emergency requires:
spindrift; foam blown in well Lifting Only · Risk Assessment
marked streaks (Safety of Life)
· approval by OIM
53 - 61 Strong gale Moderate high waves of greater 7
· Consultation with all
length; edges of crests break
parties involved
into spindrift; foam blown in well
marked streaks
62 - 71 Storm High waves with tumbling 9
crests; dense streaks of foam;
spray might affect visibility
72 - 82 Violent storm Exceptionally high waves; sea 11
covered with long white patches
of foam; edges of wave crests
blown into froth; visibility
affected
83+ Hurricane Air filled with foam and spray; 14
sea completely white with
driving spray; visibility very
seriously affected
32
12.1 Electrical Storms
During electrical storms, lightning can have an adverse effect on the crane’s structure and to personnel involved in
crane maintenance activities and general crane hoisting and lifting operations.
Past experiences suggest that where the threat of lightning exists, crane maintenance activities and crane operations
must be suspended until such time as the risk of lightning affecting operations has abated.
13.0 Wire Ropes - Care and Inspection
13.1 Introduction
Wire ropes are used throughout industry on hoists, rope-operated plant and on all types of crane work.
Wire rope manufacturers have developed many types of wire rope construction. Each feature of construction has
some special advantage for a particular application. A wire rope of the wrong type will not give satisfactory service.
Always replace a worn out rope with the type recommended.
13.2 Factor of Safety
A safety factor is put on all ropes used in industry.
A sample piece of rope is tested to destruction and the breaking strain is then divided by the safety factor to give the
safe working load of that rope.
A test certificate is raised for each drum of rope at the manufacturers and a test certificate is issued with each length
from a drum, stating the safe working load of the rope.
13.3 Construction
Generally speaking, all ropes nowadays are preformed in manufacture and there are a great many different rope
constructions, each one having its own particular use.
There are three main things to observe when examining the construction:
(a) number of wires in each strand
(b) number of strands in the rope
(c) direction in which wires and strands lay (spiral) in the rope
Flattened strand. In extreme cases of abrasion, flattened strand may be used and this construction offers the
maximum wearing surface due to the strands being either triangular or oval, resulting in a wire rope with its
circumference forming an almost continuous circle. Flattened strand is supplied only in Lang’s lay.
Ropes are normally made in right-hand lay, but they can be supplied in left-hand if specially ordered.
There are three types of rope in common use:
Ordinary lay; Lang’s lay; Non-rotating
33
13.5 Ordinary Lay
In this construction, the wires and strands spiral in opposite directions:
in RIGHT-HAND ordinary lay, the wires spiral to the left and the strands to the right;
in LEFT-HAND ordinary lay, the wires spiral to the right and the strands to the left;
These ropes are easily handled, and can be used with one end left free to rotate, but they wear quickly because only
a few crown wires are in contact with the bearing surfaces at any one time.
Right-hand Ordinary Lay Left-hand Ordinary Lay

(regular lay) (regular lay)
Right-hand Lang’s Lay
13.6 6 and 8 Stranded Lang’s Lay
In this construction, wires and strands spiral in the same direction. Right-hand lay is usual, but it can be supplied in
left-hand lay:
6 and 8 Stranded lang’s lay rope has better wearing properties than ordinary lay, but it is harder to handle. Both ends
must be secured to prevent twisting.
13.7 Non-rotating
Both multi-stranded lang’s lay and ordinary lay are used, with a double-layer construction. If the inner rope is left-
handed lang’s lay, then the outer covering will be right-handed ordinary lay, or vice versa.
Non-rotating ropes resist twisting, and are ideal for long, unguided lifting purposes, particularly for crane hoist ropes.
Where high lifts are involved, a hoist rope having minimum rotational properties is required to eliminate “cabling”, and
here “Dyform” multi-strand non-rotating ropes are recommended.
13.8 Dyform Strand
Dyform strand - a product developed by British ropes - involves the spinning of conventional tensile wires into a
strand, which is subsequently drawn through a die. A high steel content in the strand results in much higher strength
than from a comparable size of conventional strand.
Breaking Load - Size Relationship
Dyform multi-strand wire ropes achieve minimum breaking loads approximately 23% above conventional multi-strand
construction in the same initial tensile.
Dyform multi-strand wire ropes have higher strength than the same size of standard size strand with a steel core.
These features eliminate the normal breaking load disadvantage associated with multi-strand ropes.
34
Crush Resistance
The high steel content available in Dyform multi-strand provides maximum resistance to crushing on multi-layer
drums. At the same time, the design gives excellent flexibility so that coiling on drums and pulleys having drum/rope
diameter ratios down to 14:1 creates no problems. The smooth periphery eliminates interference between adjacent
laps of rope on the drum.
13.9 Non-rotating Properties
The turn/load and torque/load graphs comparing Dyform multi-strand with conventional multi-strand construction
shows the very satisfactory characteristics obtained from the new product.
Torque (tf.mm)
Turn (˚/metre)
C)
DS
)
SC
7 pe
(eg
D
)
, 1 l ro
x7
eg
pe
x 7 na
e(
18 tatio
o
op
id r
dr
(e ro
l la
lai
low
qua
g
pe
al
nd
ro 7)
qu
tra
al 7 x
ye
lly
n
i-s
tio 1
d fu
ull
ta 7,
ult
df
ro x
lm
tran
w 8
an
lo g 1
na
str
lti-s
nd (e
tio
lti-
ra
en
st
Mu
17
nv
Mu
ti-
ul Co
OR
M
lm DY
F
na
n tio
ve 17
on O RM
C DYF Para
gon
o n
Parag
LR LR
DYFORM 34 DYFORM 34
Load (tonne-force) Load (tonne-force)
13.10Wirer Ropes - Care and Inspection (Summary)
Strength and Flexibility
• Strength depends on rope size, rope construction, wire tensile.
• The standard tensile for general engineering wire rope is 180 KG/mm2 (1770 N/mm2).
• Fibre Core may give impression of flexibility but can be a problem in difficult service conditions.
• I.W.R.C. support the load bearing outer strands of the rope.
• The greater number of wires in the outer strands, the greater the flexibility.
• The fewer numbers of wires in the strand, the better resistance to abrasion.
• LANGS lay in six and eight strand constructions, can only be used if both ends of the rope are fixed, or the load
is guided (i.e. not free to rotate).
• Corrosion will effect small wires more quickly than larger wires.
• Multi-strand ropes are prone to internal deterioration, are poor in bending fatigue but may be essential for some
applications where limited rotation is needed.
35
• Ropes are supplied preformed unless otherwise specified. In a preformed rope, the strands and wires have
been given the helix they take up in the completed rope. In a non-preformed rope the wires and strands are
held forcibly in position, and immediately fly apart when the rope is cut.
• Preforming balances the load on individual strands and equalises load distribution, the rope having less
tendency to form “high” strands even under the severest conditions.
13.11Rope Removal Criteria
• Consider which Regulations apply to your work and apply the relevant criteria where applicable.
• Recognise the Removal Criteria - 9 points. Consider the environment.
BRITISH STANDARDS – WIRE ROPE DISCARD CRITERIA
• Number, nature, type and position of visible broken wires in 10 x diameter maximum 5% of total number of wires
in the rope.
• Local Groups of Visible Broken Wires - A maximum of 3 in one or adjacent strand.
• Deterioration in the vicinity of the termination or terminal damage - no broken wires within 6mm of the
termination.
• Core deterioration - abrupt loss in diameter.
• Wear - Maximum reduction in diameter - 10% from nominal (6 & 8 Strand) 3% from nominal (multi-strand).
• Internal corrosion - Reject ropes if internal corrosion is confirmed.
• External corrosion - Corrosion causes very high losses in rope breaking load. Reject ropes of corrosion causes
wire slackness.
• Deformations
• Thermal damage.
13.12Factors Causing Rope Deterioration
• Deterioration may result from normal usage, from mis-use or as a result of abnormal incidents.
• NORMAL WEAR OCCURRING ON STRAND CROWNS The appliance (rope tension, number of sheaves,
condition of drum and sheaves, rate of acceleration/deceleration, inertia or momentum of sheave, fleet
angle).
The environmental conditions (abrasive dust, lack of or inability to adequately lubricate rope in service).
Degree of wear can normally be seen without difficulty
- measurement of rope diameter.
- assessment of the wear on individual visible wires.
Plastic flow on the wire surface.
36
• INTERNAL DETERIORATION
as interstrand, interwire, and strand/core interfaces. Notches/indents caused by pressure/friction - such

increase as rope tensions increase, sheave rope diameter ratio reduces, at high levels of bending cycles and
if there is a lack of adequate lubrication.
• CORROSION
Can be a major cause of rope deterioration.

Hostile environment - steam water, corrosive fumes, etc.
Contamination of lubricant - foreign matter, products of fretting.
Hot/cold environments - adequate dressing cannot be maintained.
External corrosion can normally be seen and assessed.
Internal corrosion more difficult.
• ABRASION
Usually at strand crowns and additional to normal wear.
Seized, misaligned sheaves.
Abrasion against structure, spillage, etc.
(the top of a trench as with an excavator drag rope)
• MECHANICAL DAMAGE
Incorrect reeving, displacement of rope from sheaves, poor coiling on drum (cross laps, sunken laps), incorrect
fleet angle, run over by tractors, struck by objects, incorrectly profiled sheaves and drum grooves, kinking and
bends caused during installation.
• OVERHEATING
Conduction, radiation, direct flame, electrical arcing. Can cause serious reduction in rope strength.
• MALFORMATIONS
Resulting from poor installation procedures.
Shock loading.
The introduction of turn (+ve/-ve) into the rope by operation of the appliance.
• ROTATION
Wrong rope for the duty.
Long lengths of rope with inappropriate handling technique.
• FATIGUE
Individual wires in ropes usually fail due to either being bent, tensioned or torsioned through large number of
cycles, or a combination of the three. Concentration of this condition - short rope movement.
• TERMINATION FAILURES
Incorrect fitting, corrosion fatigue, misalignment.
37
14.0 Use of Lifting Accessories
14.1 Introduction
The way lifting gear is used, and the conditions under which it is used, can often indicate special areas of attention
for the examiner.
This is especially true for gear used offshore, and in particular, for that used in the transfer of loads between ship
and rig/platform.
Anyone using lifting gear, must understand the effects of angles in lifting suspended loads. The principles of
TENSION are very important.
Simply, it can be said that: if a suspended load is hanging vertically, with no other movement, then the tension in the
supporting gear is equal to the weight of the load.
If the angle of the suspension is not 0 (or vertical), then the tension in the suspension must increase.
There are now two forces acting on the load. One vertical (gravity) and one horizontal.
Of course, when more than one sling is used on load, there is usually an angle between the legs, and this means
that the TENSION in each sling is MORE than the weight of its proportion of the load. (This would be half, for an
equally slung uniform load).
14.2 Principles of Tension
The tension in equally loaded slings is easily demonstrated using the following formula:
WxL
= TENSION (in each sling)
No x H
W = Weight of load
L = Length of slings
No = Number of slings
H = Height (Vertical distance between attachment points)
It can be seen that tension will increase as the angle between the sling legs increases. (Fig. 1 & 2)
38
14.3 Figure 1 Tension (T)
T=W T=W +
W W
T=5t T=5t T=+5t T=+5t
10t 10t
L
H
WxL
TENSION =
2(Slings) x H
14.4 Figure 2 Tension
Example A
12ft
8ft
10 tons
10 x 12 120
= = 7.5 tons in each leg
2(Slings) x 8 16
Example B
12ft
6ft
10 tons
10 x 12 120
= = 10 tons in each leg
2(Slings) x 6 12
Angle at “Bight”
39
14.5 Sling Angles
When lifting with multi-leg slings, they are rated at a certain tonnage from 0o to 90o and this SWL should Not be
exceeded even if the angle is less than 90o. When using single slings in pairs however, you must always be aware
of the increased loadings in the slings when lifting at an angle.
For the above reason, the SWL of a pair of single slings decreases as the angle between them increases.
0° 0.5 te each sling
1 te LOAD
eg At 0˚ - SWL = SWL of one sling x 2

30˚ - SWL = SWL of one sling x 2 x 0.966
OR
At 0˚ - SWL = SWL of one sling x 2

30˚ - SWL = SWL of one sling x 1.93
120˚ - SWL = SWL of one sling only
40
14.6 Mode Factor (M)
Always consider the variation in sling capacity when slinging in various configurations.
90°
Max
Straight pull Choke hitch Basket hitch Basket hitch

M = 1.0 M = 0.8 Max 90° parallel
M = 1.4 M = 2.0
90° Max 90° Max
Two-legged sling Four-legged sling

Max 90° Max 90°
M = 1.4 M = 2.1
90°
Max
Straight pull Choke hitch Basket hitch Basket hitch

M = 2.0 M = 1.6 Max 90° Parallel
M = 2.8 M = 4.0
Multiply the SWL of one leg by the mode factor - M to obtain the SWL of the configuration. (The last four
modes/ratings do not apply to “round” slings - Refer to table 3 at back of handbook).
If slings are used with a “choke” or “reeving” hitch, then there is another angle to consider, the angle at the “bight”.
14.7 Corrosion
Corrosion is a problem with lifting gear in general, and with offshore equipment in particular.
Exposure to sea water is an obvious reason, but there are also chemicals used during drilling, and production
operations, which can seriously affect the materials used in lifting gear manufacture.
15.0 Effects of Dynamic Loading
15.1 Introduction
It is a fact that a large proportion of lifting gear used offshore, is subjected to shock loading.
The effect of shock loading is to increase the weight of the load on the crane and therefore, on any lifting gear used.
The load is said to be increased “dynamically”.
41
Simply, if a load is lifted very slowly, gradually accelerated, then slowed down and stopped, it will remain “static”.
In other words, the effect of load on the equipment used for lifting, does not become more than the weight of the
load.
However, if load comes onto the equipment suddenly, or if a load being lowered is stopped suddenly, then the effect
of the load on the equipment will be to INCREASE the weight of the load.
It’s easy to see how this can happen when a crane is used to load or unload vessels at sea.
The movement of the vessel, and the hoist motion of the crane, can combine to produce severe shock loads which
can effectively, dynamically increase the load by as much as three times.
15.2 Dynamic Loading Graph
Vessel Movement
Crane
Hoist
Motion
5t.
Effect of Shock Load on Crane. (Illustration only)
Load-tons
15
12
No Load.
TIME
Time depends on, boom length, and angle.

Graph shows effect of a 5ton load coming onto a crane, at a speed
of approximately 2 metres per second.
Everything between the load and the rig, or platform, is subjected to the “shock” and this includes the lifting gear.
Shock loading may well produce loads which exceed the proof load of the lifting gear, and in the case of chains,
shackles etc., this may result “permanent set”.
In the case of wire rope slings, twist will be induced into the sling.
Container slings are usually made up in assemblies, with relatively short sling lengths. As the twist in the slings is
“trapped” between the lower ring and the shackles the whole assembly becomes tangled and often the shackles
become “jammed” in their attachment points.
When this happens, the shackles will not pull into line with the sling and become loaded in the wrong direction. Also,
the length of the slings can become uneven, causing unequal load distribution.
42
16.0 Eyebolts
16.1 Introduction
Types of Eyebolts
Eyebolts are used for lifting loads which may be heavy and concentrated and are used for general lifting and for
permanent attachment to loads that need to be moved occasionally.
16.2 Safe Use of Eyebolts
The three types of eyebolts in common use are shown in figure 1. The use of the wrong type of eyebolt is not an
uncommon contributory cause of accidents. A typical example of this is where a dynamo eyebolt is used for other
than a vertical lift.
Dynamo eyebolts (a) are large enough to receive a hook of a comparable Safe Working Load (SWL) but should only
be used for a vertical lift because the eye is so large it is likely to bend should an inclined load be placed upon it and
in addition, a load which is only slightly out of the vertical places an undue stress upon the screw-threads of the
eyebolt shank. They should, therefore, be fitted in circumstances where it is possible to achieve vertical lifting at all
times, and, where dynamo eyebolts are fitted in pairs, it is essential that a spreader-bar should form an integral part
of the lifting gear and used to move the load. As was stated, the dynamo eyebolt is designed to receive the hook
direct, but when this is the case the hook should be able to work freely. It is dangerous to use a hook which jams in
an eyebolt because, under load, serious weakening of both eyebolt and hook could occur leading to failure at some
later date because of the incipient damage started at the time of the jam. If the hook available is too large for the
eyebolt concerned, a shackle of adequate size should be fitted to the eyebolt to accommodate the hook.
Where inclined to load conditions are encountered for example, when a multi-legged sling is used, collar eyebolts (b)
or eyebolts with links (c) must be used. The collar eyebolt which used to be referred to as the service eyebolt, has a
squat eye that is too small to accommodate a hook so a shackle is always necessary.
Fig 1
Collar eyebolts are intended for permanent attachment to heavy pieces of equipment and are usually fitted in pairs
for use with shackles and two-legged slings. When two pairs of eyebolts are fitted to a single load then two, two-
legged slings and a spreader-bar should be used in lifting.
The third type of eyebolt, the eyebolt with link, is intended for general lifting. Although its rated load decreases as the
angle of the load to the axis of the screw thread increases, by virtue of its special construction these rated loadings
are greater than those of a collar eyebolt of equivalent vertical S.W.L.
43
The collar, which plays an important part in the strength of the screw shank, should be machined smooth and flat,
and care should be taken to ensure that the mating surface is smooth, flat and at right angles to the axis of the tapped
hole. Figure 2 shows a close up of the collar of an eyebolt tight against the load to which it is attached and also shows
the chamfer on the edge of the tapped hole. The inset enlarges the area at the point where the thread ends and
where the shank joins the collar. The undercut and recess here are necessary to prevent stress build-up and the
dimensions of both are governed by BS 4278 : 1968.
The hole should be of sufficient depth to accept the full length of the eyebolt shank and to allow the eyebolt to be
pulled down tight. Comparison of the two eyebolts in Figure 3 clearly emphasises the importance of this point. The
plane of the eye should be in line with the direction of the pull, but where this is not possible a washer or horse-shoe
shaped shim may be used to alter the position to the required direction and still allow the eyebolt to be fully tightened
against the mating surface. The use of shims or washers should be avoided if possible, but if they are used they
should be of the least possible thickness and no more than one should be used. The thickness should never exceed
half the pitch of the thread on the shank of the eyebolt and the diameter should not exceed that of the collar under
which it is placed. The open part of a horseshoe shim should in all cases point away from the direction of an inclined
pull so that when the pull is taken the collar will always bed against solid metal.
16.3 Procedure for Using Eyebolts
• NEVER use HOME MADE eyebolts.
• Check the thread in a standard tapped hole. Fit is most important.
• Check the safe working load of the eyebolt before use.
• The shoulder or collar of the eyebolt should be flat, free from damage and at right angles to the threaded
portion.
• Examine the eyebolts for cracks, dents and corrosion pits before use.
• Check the eye for wear. If 1/10th or more of the original diameter is worn, replace it.
• Always ensure that eyebolts are screwed down tightly.
• Eyebolts without collars are substantially weaker that those with collars and are unsuitable for inclined loading.
• Remember that inclined loading substantially reduces the eyebolt’s safe working load.
• When using eyebolts, do not thread a sling through the eye of the eyebolt. Use a pair of shackles.
44
17.0 Estimation of Weight
17.1 Introduction
The most important step a Slinger must take with any lifting operation is first to find out the weight of the load. If this
essential information cannot be obtained, the Slinger must be able to calculate the weight using his own judgement,
and the use of the tables or data contained in this manual.
17.2 Weight Calculation
Then proceed as follows:
1. Calculate the weight of the object taking into account:
(a) The dimension of the object.
(b) The material the object is made of (steel, wood, concrete etc)
(c) Are there any lifting points attached to the object ie LIFTING LUGS, EYEBOLTS or any special sling attachment
points.
(Most lifting points welded to a piece of equipment will be made to accept a shackle. The lifting point will have a
machined hole to accept a shackle pin, with a nominal clearance, the size or S.W.L. marked on the shackle would
be of help to the Slinger).
• To the estimated weight add 25%. This will account for any errors of judgement.
• Now select the lifting gear for the overall estimated weight that is your estimated weight + 25% and sling the
load correctly.
The time taken to calculate the approximate weight of any object is time well spent, and may avoid a serious accident
through failure of lifting gear.
17.3 Weights of Various Materials
METRIC CONVERSION
To convert kilograms to (long) tons - multiply by 0.00098

To convert tons to kilograms - multiply by 1016.05
To convert feet to metres - multiply by 0.3048
To convert kilograms to tons - multiply by 0.001
To convert metres to feet - multiply by 3.281
ESTIMATION OF WEIGHT - ESTIMATE : THEN ADD 25%
2,240 lbs = 1 Ton (Long)

2,000 lbs = 1 Ton (Short)
20 cwts. = 1 Ton (Long)
1,000 kg. = 1 Tonne (Metric)
45
AVERAGE WEIGHT PER CUBIC FT. / PER CUBIC METER
LBS. KGS
STEEL 490 7850
LEAD 712 11405
CAST IRON 450 7208
FRESH WATER 62 993
WET SAND 120 1922
REINFORCED CONCRETE 150 2403
LOOSE CEMENT 90 1442
DRILL PIPE
Standard
5” Dia. 19.5 lbs. per ft. length

31⁄2” Dia 13.3 lbs. per ft. length
Heavyweight
Always 50 lbs. per ft. length
DRILL COLLARS
43⁄4” Dia. 47 lbs. per ft. length

3
7 ⁄4” Dia. 3,360-4,600 lbs. per 30 ft. length
Subs
86 lbs. per ft. length average

(usually in lifting baskets maximum 5 ton)
DRILL CASING
DIAMETER NUMBER IN LIFT APPROXIMATE WEIGHT

5” 7 3 tons
7” 5 4 tons
5
9 ⁄8” 3 3.5 tons
3
13 ⁄8” 3 4 tons
5
18 ⁄8” 3 5 tons
STEEL PLATE : AVERAGE WEIGHT IN
lbs. per sq. ft kgs per sq. meter

1
⁄4” thick 10 6mm thick 47.1
3
1
3
⁄4” thick 30 20mm thick 157
1” thick 40 25mm thick 196
46
PIPES : WEIGHT IN LBS. PER FT. LENGTH
Steel : 1” bore 2 Cast Iron : 4” bore 16

2” bore 5 Cast Iron : 5” bore 22
ROLLED STEEL JOISTS: AVERAGE WEIGHT
per meter in KGS per ft. in lbs
76mm x 76mm = 12.75 3 x 3 = 51⁄2

102mm x 44mm = 7.5 6 x 3 = 12
102 mm x 102 mm = 23 8 x 4 = 18
127 mm x 76 mm = 16.5 8 x 6 = 35
127 mm x 114 mm = 26.8 9 x 4 = 21
152 mm x 127 mm = 37.3 9 x 7 = 50
203 mm x 152 mm = 52.25 10 x 5 = 30
254 mm x 114 mm = 37 10 x 8 = 55
254 mm x 203 mm = 82 12 x 6 = 44
14 x 6 = 57
15 x 6 = 59
18 x 7 = 75
24 x 71⁄2 = 100
ROUND STEEL BARS
Weight in
lbs. per ft. length Kgs per meter length

Diameter Weight Diameter Weight
1 2
10 0.6 ⁄2” ⁄3
20 2.5 1” 3
25 3.8 11⁄2” 6
50 15.4 2” 11
100 61.6 3” 24
4” 43
47
LxH
H
LxBxH
H
B
L L
SQUARE CUBE
R π x R2
H
LxH
2
L
AREA OF CIRCLE
TRIANGLE
R
AREA:
πxDxH
π x DIA
H
SOLID:
π x R2 x H
DIA
CIRCUMFERENCE
CYLINDER
VALUE OF π = 3.142 OR 3 1/7 OR 22

7
IF 3 IS USED ADD 5% TO ESTIMATE
TO CORRECT ERROR
REMEMBER: TO THE ESTIMATE ADD 25%
Determining load weight

(flat sheet)
1ft weight - 17kg (40lb)
305m
1ft m
5m
30
1.83m - 6ft
ft
-3
m
25mm
5m
1in -
91
38mm
1.5in
Total weight of plates 1130 kg (2160 lbs)

Determining load weight (angled metal)
76mm - 3in
1/4in -
1/4in -
6mm
6mm
127mm - 5in
Operating procedures & precautions 18.84ft -

6ft - 5.75m
1.83m
9.15m
30ft-
9.15m
30ft-
Calculating area & Determining load weight (cylinder)

circumference of circle
48
18.0 Tables
Table 1 - Wire Rope Breaking Loads
MINIMAL BREAKING LOAD AT 180 kgf/mm2

NOMINAL DIAMETER (1770 N/mm2)
FIBRE CORE STEEL CORE
mm tonne tonne
9 4.82 5.2
10 5.95 6.42
11 7.21 7.77
12 8.57 9.25
13 10.1 10.8
14 11.6 12.6
16 15.3 16.4
18 19.3 20.8
19 21.5 23.1
20 23.9 25.7
22 28.8 31.1
24 34.3 37.0
26 40.3 43.4
28 46.7 50.4
32 61.0 65.7
35 73.0 78.7
36 77.2 83.3
38 85.9 92.8
40 95.3 103
44 - 124
48 - 148
52 - 174
54 - 187
56 - 201
60 - 231
Table for 6 x 19 and 6 x 36 construction groups
Note: For general lifting purposes SWL = 1/5th of the MBL.

(i.e. FOS = 5:1) for specific purposes eg mooring, towing etc. The FOS can reduce to as little as 3:1.
49
Table 2 - Safe Working Loads of Wire Rope Slings
6x19 6x36 GROUPS STEEL CORE 6x19 6x36 GROUPS FIBRE CORE
SAFE WORKING LOAD SAFE WORKING LOAD
Rope Single Leg Angle Rope Single Leg Angle

Dia Leg 0-90˚ Dia Leg 0-90˚
2 leg 3&4 leg 2 leg 3&4 leg
mm tonne tonne tonne mm tonne tonne tonne
10 1.3 1.8 2.7 10 1.2 1.7 2.5

11 1.6 2.1 3.3 11 1.4 2.0 3.0
1.8 2.6 3.9 12 1.7 2.4 3.6
12 2.2 3.0 4.5 13 2.0 2.8 4.2
13 2.5 3.5 5.3 14 2.3 3.2 4.9
14 3.3 4.6 6.9 16 3.0 4.3 6.4
16 4.2 5.8 8.7 18 3.9 5.4 8.1
18 4.6 6.5 9.7 19 4.3 6.0 9.0
5.1 7.2 10.8 20 4.8 6.7 10.0
19 6.2 8.7 13.1 22 5.8 8.1 12.1
20 7.4 10.4 15.5 24 6.9 9.6 14.4
22 8.7 12.2 18.2 26 8.1 11.3 16.9
24 10.1 14.1 21.2 28 9.3 13.1 19.6
26 13.1 18.4 27.6 32 12.2 17.1 25.6
15.7 22.0 33.1 35 14.6 20.4 30.7
28 16.7 23.3 35.0 36 15.4 21.6 32.4
32 18.6 26.0 39.0 38 17.2 24.1 36.1
35 20.6 28.8 43.3 40 19.1 26.7 40.0
36 24.8 34.7 52.1
38 29.6 41.4 62.2
34.8 48.7 73.1
40 37.4 52.4 78.5
44 40.2 56.3 84.4
48 46.2 64.7 97.0
52 52.4 73.4 110.0
54 62.8 87.9 132.0
74.0 103.6 155.0
56
60
64
70
76
These tables have been compiled in compliance with BS 1290 1983 and BS 302 PT.2 1987. Uniform load method
calculation used throughout.
50
Table 3 - Safe Working Loads of Man-made Fibre Slings
Round Slings:
CAPACITIES
Vertical Choker Basket Basket 90° Basket 120°
1.0t 800kg 2.0t 1.4t 1.0t

1.5t 1.2t 3.0t 2.1t 1.5t
2.0t 1.6t 4.0t 2.8t 2.0t
3.0t 2.4t 6.0t 4.2t 3.0t
4.0t 3.2t 8.0t 5.6t 4.0t
6.0t 4.8t 12.0t 8.4t 6.0t
8.0t 6.4t 16.0t 11.2t 8.0t
12.0t 9.6t 24.0t 16.8t 12.0t
Simplex (single ply) Web Slings:
WIDTH CAPACITIES
mm VERTICAL CHOKE BASKET BASKET 90° BASKET 120°
50 1.0t 800kg 2.0t 1.4t 1.0t
75 1.5t 1.2t 3.0t 2.1t 1.5t
100 2.0t 1.6t 4.0t 2.8t 2.0t
150 3.0t 2.4t 6.0t 4.2t 3.0t
200 4.0t 3.2t 8.0t 5.6t 4.0t
250 5.0t 4.0t 10.0t 7.0t 5.0t
300 6.0t 4.8t 12.0t 8.4t 6.0t
Note: For duplex (two ply) and endless web slings, double the above values.
51
Table 4 - Safe Working Loads of Alloy Grade 80 Chain Slings
DIA 1 LEG ENDLESS 2 LEG 3 & 4 LEG

7 1.5t 2.25t 2.1t 3.1t
8 2.0t 3.0t 2.8t 4.2t
10 3.2t 4.8t 4.5t 6.7t
13 5.4t 8.1t 7.6t 11.4t
16 8.0t 12.0t 11.3t 16.9t
19 11.5t 17.2t 16.2t 24.3t
22 15.5t 23.25t 21.9t 32.8t
23 16.9t 25.3t 23.8t 35.3t
26 21.6t 32.4t 31.0t 46.0t
32 32.0t 48.0t 45.0t 68.0t
RATED AT 0° RATED AT 90°
The above load working load limits apply only to normal conditions of use in straight configuration and equally loaded
legs.
Table 5 - Safe Working Loads of Alloy Shackles
(U.S. Federal Spec.)
Anchor Shackle with Safety Anchor Shackle Chain Shackle with Safety Chain Shackle
Screw Pin Bolt Type Screw Pin Bolt Type
INSIDE LENGTH
INSIDE WIDTH
DIA BOW DIA PIN WIDTH CHAIN ANCHOR SWL OF BOW
mm mm TYPE TYPE
mm mm
mm mm
13 16 22 43 51 2t 32
16 19 26 51 64 3.25t 43
19 22 31 59 76 4.75t 51
22 26 36 73 83 6.5t 58
26 28 43 85 95 8.5t 68
28 32 47 90 108 9.5t 75
32 35 51 94 115 12t 83
35 38 57 115 133 13.5t 92
38 42 60 127 146 17t 99
45 52 74 149 178 25t 126
52 58 83 171 197 35t 146
64 70 105 203 254 55t 185
76 83 127 230 330 85t 190
90 96 146 267 381 120t 238
Minimum breaking strength = 6 x SWL
(Proof loaded to ILO tables)
52
Table 6 - Safe Working Loads of Eyebolts
COLLAR EYEBOLTS TO BS 4278 TABLE 1

NOMINAL DIA SWL (VERTICAL) SWL (VERTICAL)
mm 1968 PATTERN 1984 PATTERN
12 320kg 400kg
16 630kg 800kg
18 1.0t -
20 1.25t 1.6t
22 1.6t -
24 2.0t 2.5t
27 2.5t -
30 3.2t 4.0t
33 4.0t -
36 5.0t 6.3t
39 6.3t -
42 - 8.0t
45 8.0t -
48 - 10.0t
52 10.0t 12.5t
56 12.5t 16.0t
64 16.0t 20.0t
70 20.0t -
72 - 25.0t
76 25.0t -
53
Table 7 - Safe Working Loads of Pairs of Eyebolts
Maximum load W to be lifted by a pair

of eyebolts when the angle between
the sling legs is Ø
SAFE WORKING LOADS OF PAIRS OF EYEBOLTS
SINGLE PAIR 0°<∅<30° 30°<∅<60° 60°<∅<90°
VERTICAL VERTICAL
1.0t 2.0t 1.3t 800kg 500kg
1.25t 2.5t 1.6t 1.0t 630kg
1.6t 3.2t 2.0t 1.25t 800kg
2.0t 4.0t 2.5t 1.6t 1.0t
2.5t 5.0t 3.2t 2.0t 1.25t
3.2t 6.4t 4.0t 2.5t 1.6t
4.0t 8.0t 5.0t 3.2t 2.0t
5.0t 10.0t 6.3t 4.0t 2.5t
6.3t 12.6t 8.0t 5.0t 3.2t
8.0t 16.0t 10.0t 6.3t 4.0t
10.0t 20.0t 12.5t 8.0t 5.0t
12.5t 25.0t 16.0t 10.0t 6.3t
16.0t 32.0t 20.0t 12.5t 8.0t
20.0t 40.0t 25.0t 16.0t 10.0t
25.0t 50.0t 32.0t 20.0t 12.5t
REDUCTION FACTOR 0.63 0.4 0.25
54
Table 8 - SWL of Turnbuckles / Rigging Screws
BS 4429 U.S. FED. SPEC.

DIA (mm) SWL DIA (ins) WLL
3
10 300kg ⁄8 545kg
12 500kg 1
⁄2 1.00t
16 750kg 5
⁄8 1.59t
20 1.25t 3
22 2t ⁄4 2.36t
7
27 3t ⁄8 3.27t
30 4t 1 4.55t
33 5t 11⁄4 6.90t
39 6t 11
⁄2 9.73t
42 7.5t 3
1 ⁄4 12.73t
48 10t
2 16.82t
56 15t
1
64 20t 2 ⁄2 27.27t
72 25t 3
2 ⁄4 34.09t
76 30t
85 40t
100 50t
Note: These tables do not apply to units fitted with hooks. Refer to the manufacturer’s literature.
55
19.0 References
Regulation Date ISBN
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 1999 011 082087 8

Regulations [SI 1999/437]
Freight Containers (Safety Convention) 1984 011 047890 8

Health and Safety at Work Act (chapter 37) 1974 010 543774 3
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment 1998 71 761532 4

Manual Handling Operations 1992 011 025920 3

Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Cargoes) 1997 011 064954 0 X

(as amended SI 1997/2366)
Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and 1997 011 064955 9

Marine Pollutants) Regulations [SI 1997/2367]
Provision and Use of Work Equipment 1998 11 079599 7

The Chemicals (Hazard Information and 1994 011 043877 9

Packaging for Supply) Regulations
[SI 1994/3247] as amended by SI 3194/1999
The Chemicals (Hazard Information and 1996 011 076037 9

Packaging for Supply) Regulations as
amended by [SI 1996/1092] Regulations
The Docks Regulations [SI 1988/1655] 1988 011 087655 5
The Management of Health and Safety at 1999 011 0885625 2

Work Regulations [SI 1999/3242]
The Packaging of Explosives for 1991 11 015197 X

Carriage Regulations [SI 1991/2097]
Waste Management Regulations 1996: SI634 1996 11 054324 6
56
Guidance Date ISBN
COSHH Essentials - Easy Steps to 1999 071 762421 8

Control Chemicals HS (G) 193
Code of Practice for the Safe use of 1983 0 580 12502 5

Wire Rope Slings BS6210: 1983
Dangerous Goods in Cargo 1998 0 7176 1532 4

Transport Units HS (G) 78
Guidelines for the Safe Management and 2000 190 300309 0

Operation of Offshore Support Vessels:
UKOOA/Chamber of Shipping
Guide for the Stowage of Goods in 1982 0 580 12834 2

Freight Containers BS5073: 1982
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 2001
Offshore Containers, Design, Construction, 1999 0 580 326330

Testing, Inspection and Marking:
BSEN 12079: 1999
Offshore Freight Containers Design and 1989

Certification - DNV Certification Notes
2.7-1: 1989
Specification for Alloy Steel Shackles 1962 0 580 35090 8

BS3551: 1962
Standard Steel Wire Ropes - Specifications 1987 0 580 15632 X

for General Requirements BS302: 1987
Specification for Thimbles in Wire Ropes 1958 0 580 00885 1

BS464: 1958 (work in hand)
Specification for Wire Rope Slings and Sling 1983 0 580 12432 0
Legs for General Lifting Purposes
BS1290: 1983
British Standard Code of Practice for Safe 1998 0 580 29503 6

Use of Cranes (Offshore) BS 7121-11-98
57
Internet Guidance
UK Statutory Instrument Web site:

http://www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/stat.htm
British Standards Web site:

http://www.bconline.techindex.co.uk
Maritime and Coastguard Agency Web site:

http://www.mcagency.org.uk
Step Change Standard Lifting and Crane Operating Procedures Group:

http://www.oil-gas-safety.org.uk/taskb/lift_crane/lift_s.htm
Health and Safety Executive Home Page:

http://www.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htm
Chamber of Shipping
http://www.british-shipping.org
United Kingdom Offshore Operators’ Association

http://www.oilandgas.org.uk
Cross Industry Safety Alert Database SADIE

http://www.csid.steel-sci.org and http://www.oil-gas-safety.org.uk
58
59
60

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Offshore Crane Operator

Doc. No. SI01_R03A4

1.0 REVISION STATUS AND APPROVAL

3.0 ARRIVAL OFFSHORE

4.0 COMPETENT PERSON - CRANE OPERATIONS

5.0 LIFTING OPERATIONS AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS SI 1998 / 2307

5.2 Citation and Commencement

5.6 Lifting Equipment for Lifting Persons

5.7 Positioning and Installation

5.8 Marking of Lifting Equipment

5.9 Organisation of Lifting Operations

5.10 Thorough Examination and Inspection

5.11 Planning a Lifting Operation Flowchart

5.12 Lifting Operations Categories Flowchart

5.13 Lifting Operation Plan Template

6.0 CRANE DAILY CHECKS AND INSPECTIONS

6.1 Crane Access ladders, Walkways and hatches

6.2 Pre-start checks

6.4 Start-up (prime mover)

6.5 Overhoist Limits/cut-outs

6.6 Rated Capacity Indicators

6.7 Emergency Load Release And Gross Overload Protection System

6.8 Emergency Engine Stops

6.9 Safety Equipment

6.10 Refuelling the Crane

6.11 Checks to be Carried out during Operation of the Crane

7.2 Load Handling/Movement on the Installation

7.3 Cargo Handling - Supply Vessels

7.4 Crane Operation - FPSO’s

7.5 Bulk Hose Handling Operations

7.6 Personnel Carrier Transfers

7.7 Helicopter / Crane Operations

8.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

9.0 Banksmen / Slingers

8.2 The Banksman / Slinger

8.3 Safe Working Procedures

10.0 RECOMMENDED CRANE SIGNALS - BS7121

11.0 CONTROLLING CRANE OPERATIONS BY TWO WAY RADIO COMMUNICATION

12.0 ADVERSE WEATHER GUIDELINES

13.0 WIRE ROPES - CARE AND INSPECTION

14.0 SAFE USE OF LIFTING ACCESSORIES

15.0 EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC LOADING

17.0 ESTIMATION OF WEIGHT

1.0 Revision Status and Approval

Date Revision Changes made Approved by

Aug 1998 1 First controlled issue K M Scott

Jan 2000 2 Amend to meet basic LOLER requirements K M Scott

Aug 2001 3 Add further information on lifting plans as required by

2.2 These procedures can be applied in respect of crane operations, regardless

(b) a significant change in the work activity or conditions.

3.0 Arrival Offshore

4.0 Competent Person - Crane Operations

5.0 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations

This section provides a brief overview of the regulations.

5.2 Regulation 1 - Citation and Commencement

5.3 Regulation 2 - Interpretation

Definitions of particular note are:

• “load” - includes material or people lifted by the lifting equipment

• Overhead gantry cranes

• Lifts for persons or goods

• Sling-sets attached to containers or pieces of equipment

• Runway beams and padeyes to which lifting equipment is anchored or fixed

5.4 Regulation 3 - Application