Vassallo PVC Catalog

V A S S A L L O ’S PV C P R O D U C T S V A S S A L L O I N D U S T R I E S, I N C .
INDEX
Introduction............................................................................................................ 3
PVC & CPVC Characteristics & Advantages ...................................................... 4
General Information .............................................................................................. 6
Water, Sewer, Stormdrain & Sanitary Applications
I. Pressure Pipes and Fittings

General.................................................................................................................................. 11
II. Gravity Pipe and Fittings

General.................................................................................................................................. 31
III. Fabrication Department .................................................................................................... 49
IV. Installation ............................................................................................................................ 50
Telecommunication and Electrical Applications:
I. Solid and Flexible Conduit

General.................................................................................................................................. 61
Short Form Specifications Sheet ....................................................................... 64
Limited Warranty ................................................................................................ 70

V A S S A L L O ’S PV C P R O D U C T S V A S S A L L O I N D U S T R I E S, I N C . 5
Introduction
This catalog provides comprehensive in- Its lightweight and consequent easy handling further
formation on Vassallo Polyvinyl Chloride enhanced its preference within the engineering and
(PVC) and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride construction industries and has proven to be the
(CPVC) products. It is intended to serve perfect solution to infiltration, exfiltration, and
as a guideline to contractors, engineers, corrosion problems of conventional sewer lines.
designers, and architects, and as technical PVC products is lighter, easier to handle and more
and submittal information source for in- resistant to chemical reactions, soil movements and
spection purposes. even to earthquakes than concrete and ductile iron.
PVC pipes, conduits and accessories unique Vassallo Industries has specialized in the manufacture
combination of advantages spurred a of PVC products since 1962. We formulate our own
steadily expanding market since its devel- compounds and maintain continuous and strict qual-
opment in Europe during the late 1930’s ity control standards throughout every stage of our
and particularly since its introduction to manufacturing process.
North America in the 1950’s. It rapidly be-
came the preferred material to resist cor- Vassallo is in the vanguard of the thermoplastic
rosive electrolytic action and to protect industry. An example of the latter is its Research and
liquids against contamination. Development Division, which owns more than
40 patents with several patent pending. Its engineers
continue to study, invent and innovate new technolo-
gies to provide the best pipes, fittings, and gaskets in
the world. “Vassallo is synonymous with quality
and innovation.”
6 V A S S A L L O ’S PV C P R O D U C T S V A S S A L L O I N D U S T R I E S, I N C .
PVC and CPVC

Characteristics
& Advantages
STRENGTH CORROSION RESISTANCE
Polyvinyl Chloride and Chlorinated Polyvi- PVC and CPVC products are resistant to external and
nyl Chloride’s high tensile and impact internal corrosion.The smooth and hydrophobic sur-
strengths accommodate higher pressures face present on the pipe and fitting products discour-
than other thermoplastic piping materials age corrosion or debri accumulation that could hinder
of comparable wall thicknesses. its excellent flow characteristics. In summary, this trans-
late into reduced operating and maintenance cost.
WEIGHT
PVC and CPVC pipes, conduits, fittings and CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
accessories weight 50% less than aluminum One of the most utilized properties of PVC and CPVC
and 82% than steel. These are easily handled is their excellent chemical resistance. It resists at-
and installed, and do not require structural tacks by acids, alkalines, salt solutions and alcohols,
supports. and many other types of chemicals. They are chemi-
cally inert, thus the possibility of them acting as a cata-
HIGH FLOW lyst promoting chemical process changes, clouding, slug-
Because of its smooth interior surface and ging or discoloration is eliminated.
the anti-adhesive, non-polar characteristics
of PVC and CPVC, there is a very low de- NON-TOXIC
gree of head loss (flow resistance is approxi- All Vassallo’s potable water pipes are certified by
mately 30% below that of new cast iron the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF).
pipes of the same size). NSF Certification guarantees the pipe is not a water
PVC Pipes and fittings are resistant to the contaminant.
chemicals generally found in the water and
sewer systems. Scale build-up is basically
non-existent.
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S & A D V A N T A G E S
ROOT INTRUSION FITTINGS

Extensive investigations and years of experience with Vassallo offers the best and most complete line of
PVC pipe using elastomeric seals have found no evi- molded and fabricated PVC fittings in the world. Fit-
dence of root intrusion. Impermeability of PVC pipe tings in all configurations and sizes as per industry
and Vassallo’s tight joint will neither attract nor sus- standards. Vassallo also fabricates custom built acces-
tain vegetation. sories to solve any problem in a PVC piping system
design.
AGING CHARACTERISTICS
The useful life of PVC products is not yet known, but CERTIFICATIONS AND STANDARS:
tests indicate that little or no physical degradation will Some of our quality standards are:
occur over time. PVC and CPVC products retain most
of their original properties. Resistance to fungi, bac-
terial action and corrosive soils result in long, trouble
free life for PVC products installed outdoors. UL
O
I
A
P M
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S & A D V A N T A G E S
Vassallo Quality
Assurance
All Vassallo products are visually inspected
for proper workmanship the moment they
are produced. This is to make sure that all
our PVC and CPVC products are homog-
enous and free from voids, cracks inclu-
sions, and other defects. Random sample
pieces are taken during production hours
for rigorous control testing. Some of these
tests include:
JOINT TIGHTNESS TEST

The pipe-bell and fitting-socket assembly
is subjected to extreme deflection under
pressure or vacuum to check for proper
seal. UV RESISTANCE TEST
The test accelerates the effects of natural sunlight, so
FLATTENING TEST it determines long-term effects of the sun in a short
Two parallel plates flatten the pipe speci- period of time.
men by 60% of its original inside diameter.
It should not split, crack, break or separate DIMENSIONS
of the seams when observed. Measurements of critical dimensions such as diam-
eter, wall thickness, out of roundness, and socket
ELASTOMERIC SEAL TEST joint dimensions are continually monitored, to make
Gasket material is continuously tested to sure the products conform to standard specified tol-
verify that it meets ASTM F-477 specifi- erances.
cations.
AIR TEST
IMPACT TEST Profile pipe is tested for tightness at 3.5 psi according
The specimen is subjected to a heavy im- to UNI B-9-90 with a minimum dwell period ranging
pact to make sure it will not crack or break from 2:10 mins. for a 18” to 5:40 min. 48”.
according to ASTM D-2444 specifica-
tions. SEAM TENSION TEST
Tensile specimens of our profile pipe products
(Vasspiral and Vassloc) are cut longitudinal from the
pipe. The fuse seams are tested in tension to guaran-
tee the pipe integrity.
G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N
Joining System
Gasket System Unlike lip type seals, when assembled, the movements
World environmental concerns include of the Rieber Seal are axial, making it self sealing, re-
greater focus on the hazards of leaking gardless of the internal pressure’s intensity or direc-
sewage pipes. Economic concerns, in turn, tion. This feature gives the Rieber Seal a high perfor-
draw attention to higher sewage treat- mance characteristic for both pressure and vacuum
ment costs when infiltration adds unnec- conditions. It also guarantees that it will not displace
essary volume. under pulsating pressures as are encountered in wa-
ter hammer conditions. High resistance to external
Vassallo gaskets provide ultimate sealing in- infiltration is also a value-added feature of the Rieber
tegrity in all classes of installation under gasket, which can result in lower operating costs.
conditions of low and high pressure and
vacuum. We also provide our sewer and Vassallo Gasket System
pressure pipe systems with the Rieber Vasssallo Gasket Systems are a combined double lip
Gasket. Adding versatility to our product and compression seal design suitable for low, high pres-
line and meeting customer performances. sure and vacuum pipes. They are reinforced with a
molded, color coded, high impact plastic ring which
Advantages for the End User: exerts a radial force on the gasket, thereby avoiding
On time performance: the integrate fea- fishmouth and lost gaskets. Color coding is a unique
ture of the gasket guarantees an ease of feature of Vassallo Gasket Systems, serving two pur-
installation versus non-Rieber sealing sys- poses: (1) to identify function, (2) to improve inven-
tems that translates into on time job per- tory control components. Raceways for the Vassallo
formance. Timely testing and commission- Gasket Systems can be made on most conventional
ing results in early revenue sources for the forming devices.
end user.
Technical Specifications
Gasket Performance: Materials
Rieber System Our gaskets are commonly produced with Styrene-
The Rieber Seal is made from a uniform Butadiene Rubber (SBR) elastomer and natural
mass of rubber, with a specially coated rubber. They are also available to meet specific cus-
metal insert whose main function is to sup- tomer requirements in the following compounds:
port the gasket during the pipe forming • Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM)
process. There are no externally bonded • Butadiene (Nitrile) rubber (NBR)
materials that can jeopardize the seal’s in- • Chloroprene Rubber (CR)
tegrity if adhesion is lost after a given pe- • Fluorocarbon Rubbers (FPM)
riod of time.
Standards Advantages for the Pipe Installer:

Rubber compounds used in the manufacturing of our Reliability: Good pre-stressing and gasket anchoring
gasket systems meet or exceed the following specifi- against the plastic are prerequisites to guarantee sealed
cations: joints that prevent penetration of sand or other im-
• ASTM F-477: Standard Specification for Elasto- purities into the sealing zone that is formed between
meric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe the rubber and the plastic, even in severe assembly
• CEN 681.1: conditions.
• NSF Standard 61 This condition is illustrated in Figures A and B.
Field Advantages: Our gaskets arrive already in-

Gaskets are manufactured and tested to comply with stalled as an integral part of the pipe. The pre stress-
several international standards as per the following ing of the rubber against the plastic also prevents any
listing: possibility of displacement during transportation.The
• Pressure Pipe integration of the gasket in the bell, eliminates the
AWWA C-900: PVC Pressure Pipe 4” through 12” possibility of fish mouthing (gasket displacement or
AWWA C-905: PVC Water Transmission Pipe roll out) during assembly and also offers exceptional
14” to 36” reliability during the joining of field cut spigots. The
Federal Specification Tp-51: All pipe size range superior performance in sandy soils and deflected con-
ASTM D-2241: PVC Pressure rated pipe ditions has been proven in multiple installations.
1 1/2” through 24”
• Non-Pressure Pipe Figure A - Rieber Gasket: Sealing Zones
ASTM D-3034: PSM PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings,
4” to 15”
ASTM F-679: Large Diameter (PVC) Gravity Sewer
Pipe, 18” to 27’’
Our pipe gasketed systems are manufactured to meet

or exceed the following entities specifications:
• Factory Mutual (FM)
• Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
• Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Figure B - Vassallo Gasket: Sealing Zones
• National Sanitary Foundation (NSF)
Pressure Pipes
& Fittings
General
Properties for PVC Mechanical Properties

• Cell Clasification 12454 ASTM D-1784
Value Unit Method
Tensile Strength 7,100 PSI ASTM D-638
Tensile Modulus 410,000 PSI ASTM D-638
Flexural Strength 12,500 PSI ASTM D-790
Flexural Modulus 415,000 PSI ASTM D-790
Izod Impact 15 PSI ASTM D-256
Hardness Shore D 78/82 ASTM D-785
Poisson Ratio 74ºF .34
Rockwell Hardness 110 “R” scale ASTM D-785
(min)
Physical Properties
Value Unit Method
Specific Gravity 1.37 ASTM F-792
Water Absorption 0.5 % ASTM F-570
Thermal Properties
Value Unit Method
Thermal Expansion 3.0 x 105 in/in/ºFx10.5 ASTM D-696
Heat DistortionTemp 264 PSI 158ºF ASTM D-648
Resistance to Heat 140 ºF
Thermal Conductivity 0.11 BTU/sec/in2/ºF/in ASTM C-177
Burning Rate Self Extinguishing ASTM D-635
P R E S S U R E P I P E S G E N E R A L
PVC Pipe Temperature Correction: Current practice accepts the “elastic wave theory” as
most accurately accounting for surge pressures in pip-
Since the tensile strength of rigid thermoplastic PVC ing systems of currently available materials, including
decreases as temperature rises beyond a critical point, PVC.
working pressures for a PVC pipe system must be
reduced to compensate. The basic relationships involved in the
elastic wave theory are:
Rigid PVC should not be in temperatures exceeding

• The pressure rise for instantaneous closure is di-
60°C (140°F). CPVC should be used for applications
rectly proportional to the fluid velocity cut off and
involving higher temperatures up to 180ºF.
to the magnitude of the surge wave velocity and is
Refer to the following table for pressure pipe applica-
independent of the length of the pipeline.
tions above 27ºC.
• When the flow rate is changed in a time greater

Temperature Coefficients
than zero but less than or equaal to the “critical
Pipe Temperatures Pressure
Rating time”, the pressure rise is the same as with instan-
ºF ºC Reduction
Coefficient taneous closure, but the duration of the maximum
80 27 0.88 surge value decreases as the time approaches the
90 32 0.75 “critical time.”
100 38 0.62
110 43 0.50 • The surge pressure distribution along pipeline var-
120 49 0.40 ies as the time of closure varies.
130 54 0.30
140 60 0.22 • The surge pressure distribution along the pipe is
independent of the contour of the line so long as
the pressure remains above the vapor pressure of
An important consideration in the design of any pip-
the liquid.
ing system is the development of surge pressures or
“water hammer.” Historically, there have been many
• Parting and rejoining of the liquid column will pro-
theories and formulas, that attempt to explain and
duce extremely high surge pressures and may cause
calculate the effects of surge pressures. Because the
failure of the pipe.
end results varied greatly, the phenomenon of “water
hammer” was often misinterpreted or ignored.
The surge wave velocity is a fundamental factor in To determine the pressure rise:
any surge study since the development surge pres-
sures are directly proportional to its value. This ve- 1. Select the appropriate IDi ratio from the next page.
locity is dependent upon: e
2. Locate corresponding point on curve and read pres-
sure rise for velocity of 1 ft./sec. off the vertical
1. Pipe diameter
axis.
2. Wall thickness
3. Multiply pressure rise by fluid velocity in the sys-
3. Modulus of elasticity of the pipe material
tem to determine full surge pressure.
(Steel 30,000,000 psi-, PVC 400,000 psi)
4. Density and compressibility of the fluid in the pipe
The following checklist is a guide when surges of seri-
(water between 32°F & 100°F for pressures 0 to
ous proportions will occur in any given system, once
1,000 psi-specific gravity=1.0, modulus of
the physical, hydraulic, and operating characteristics
compresibility=300,000 psi)
are established. If the answer to any of the questions
is “yes”, surges will be experienced and they should
For PVC, this value is generally between 900 &
be eliminated.
1,300 ft./sec.
Checklist:
The graph on page 14 can be used to determine the
1. High spots in profile-possible column separation
approximate surge pressure in a simple pipe system
result is extremely high pressure.
for value closure at the critical time or less. The ver-
2. Lengh of lines less than 20 times the head on the
tical axis plots the expected pressure rise in water
pumps.
system for a velocity of 1 ft./sec.
3. Is maximum velocity greater than 5 fps?
4. What is the natural rate of slowing down of the
The horizontal axis plots values for the inside diam-
fluid column if the pump is shut-off? Can the col-
eter of the pipe divided by the wall thickness. A ma-
umn reverse its direction of flow in less than the
terial modulus of elasticity of 415,000 psi was as-
critical surge wave time for the transmission main?
sumed in the graph.
5. Can the check valve close in less than the critical
time?
6. Are there any quick-closing automatic valves set
to open or close in less than 5.0 sec.?
7. Would the pump or its driving motor be damaged
if allowed to run backwards to full speed?
8. Will the pump be tripped off before the discharge
valve is fully closed?
9. Will the pump be started with the discharge gate IDi

valve open? e
10.Are there booster stations on the system which Schedule 40 Schedule 80
are dependent on the operation of the main pump- 1/2 5.06 1/2 3.35
3/4 6.54 3/4 4.40
ing station under consideration?
1 7.20 1 4.96
11. Are there any quick closing automatic valves that 1 1/4 9.07 1 1/4 6.22
become inoperative with the failure of pumping sys- 1 1/2 10.26 1 1/2 6.96
tem pressure? 2 12.48 2 8.28
2 1/2 11.37 2 1/2 7.85
3 13.28 3 9.01
4 15.93 4 10.61
5 18.38 5 12.01
PVC Pipe SurgeWave Constant 6 20.31 6 12.47
30 8 23.26
NOTE: Formula used to compute maximum surge pressure.
25 P = Pressure Rise
W a = Surge wave velocity
P=a V
144g W = Weight of fluid (water)
g = Acceleration due to gravity
V = Velocity of flow (fps)
20
15
E = 415,00 PSI
10
SDR 32.5
5
SDR 21
SDR 26
SDR 42
0 10 20 30 40 50
Maximun surge pressure (PSI) resulting from 1 fps flow velocity

(c=SurgeWave Constant)
THERMAL EXPANSION:
The formula for calculating expansion or contraction Example: How much expansion can be expected in
in plastic piping is: 215 ft. of PVC Type I pipe installed at 75°F and operat-
T-M L ing at 135°F?
L = Yx 10
x
100 Solution:
where: 1/3 x 60 x 215

L= 10 100
L= Expansion in inches 1/3 x 6 2.15 = 4.3 inches
Y= Constant factor expressing inches of expansion
per 10 °F temperature change 100 ft. of pipe Remember to allow for contraction when pipe is to
T= Maximun temperature / minimum temperature be exposed to temperatures substantially below in-
M= Minimum Temperature stallation temperature.
Values for Y are given below: When total temperature change is less than about
PVC Type I 0.00 30°F, special provisions for accommodating thermal
PVC Type II 0.667 expansion are not generally required, specially when
CPVC 0.5 the line includes several directional changes and thus
Polypropylene 0.5 provides considerable inherent flexibility. Caution
Polyethylene 1.25 should be exercised with threaded connections, be-
Penton 0.5 cause they are more vulnerable to failure by bending
CAB-XL 1 stresses than are solvent-welded joints.
When expansion cannot be assumed by regular di-

mensional changes, several methods to take up the
expansion are available. For example, the use of a
rubber ring joints or the fabrication of an offset or
expansion loop using elbows and straight pipe joined
by solvent welding. Another is the use of an
expansion joint.
The latter are particularly desirable for large diam- Where:

eter pipes and where space for offset lines is limited. M-A
P= T
x 4
An expansion joint basically consists of two tubes, one
telescoping inside the other. The outer tube is to be
firmly anchored and the inner tube allowed to move P= Piston opening in inches
with positon-like action as the attached pipe expands M= Maximun temperature
or contacts. In long runs (15 feet or more) the pipe A= Installation temperature
line should be anchored at each change of direction T= Total temperature change
so that expansion movement of the pipe will be di-
rected squarely into the expansion joint.
Example: Assume that a pipe line is to be installed in
Aligment of expansion joints is most important, since an unheated exposed building with a metal roof where
binding can result if the pipe is canted or cocked and temperatures will range from 10°F in the winter to
does not move in the same plane as the joint. Guide 110°F in the summer. If installation temperature is 70°F,
loops should be installed approximately one foot from the pipe will contract over a 60° temperature range
each end of each expansion joint. Correct “piston-in” during cold weather and will expand over a 40° tem-
and “piston-out” position at the time of installation is perature range during the summer.
critical and can be calculated by the formula:
Consequently, 60/100 of the line movement will be
on the contraction side of “pistoning” position while
the remainder will be on the expansion side. The ex-
pansion joint provides for 3 3/4” of movement; hence
the inner tube should be pulled out 1 1/2” when the
joint is installed.
1.0
1
.01
2
3000 3
30
.02 4
.01
24 5
2000 .03
1.6
20 .04
.02
18 8
.06
16 .03 2.0
.08
HEAD LOSS IN VASSALLO’S STANDARD 1000
900
14
12
.04
.1
2
800 4
DIMENSION RATIO (SDR) AND SCHED- 700

600
10 .1 .2 6
8
9 .3 3.0
ULE PIPE AND FITTINGS: 500 8
.2
.4 2
400 7 4
.6 6
6 .3
.8 8
300 .4 4.0
5 1.0
The pressure drop due to friction in PVC pipes has .6 4.5
200
48
4 .8 2.0 5.0
been studied by a number of authorities. Coefficient 1.0
150 3.0
values established have been in the range of 150-169 3
2
4.0 6.0
4A
100 2.5 6.0
Hazen and Williams (or the equivalent in other head 90
80
3
4
8.0
7.0
2 10
70 8.0
loss formulas). 60 6
9.0
1.5 8 20
50
10 10
40 30
11
40
This nomograph is based on a Hazen and Williams
3
20 12
30 1.0
60 13
.9 30
80
coefficient of 150. We have presented this data in a 20
.8 40 100
14
15
.7 16
60
graph form because of the wide variety of SDR and 15 .6 80 200
17
18
100 19
.5
Schedule PVC pipes which we manufacture. In any given 10
300 20
400 22
9 .4 200
size, these SDR and Schedule pipes share the same 8
7 300
600 24
800 26
1 Inside diameter of pipe in inches
2 Water flow in gallons per minute
Water velocity in feet per second

400
IPS outer diameter (OD), only the wall thickness and 6
5
.3 1000 28
30
600
inside diameter (ID) change to accommodate differ- 4 800
1000
2000
.2
ent working pressures. By slight movements of the 3

40
Head loss in PSI per 100 ft. of pipe
Head loss in PSI per 100 ft. of pipe

straight edge on the Inside Diameter scale, quick com- 2
50
parisons of the relative flow properties of all Vassallo 1.5

.1
PVC pipes can be made. 1.0

.9
.8
.7
.6
How to use this nomograph:
1. Select the desired pipe size (Inside Diameter)
2. Determine the amount of water to flow through the pipe.
3. Place a straight-edge on these two points.
4. The points at which the straight-edge intersects the headloss
line and the velocity line give these two values under the given
conditions.
Example:
1-1/2” SDR 26 Pipe (ID)=1.740” (1) The values on this graph are based on the Hazen and
40 Gal. Per Min. Service (2) William formula:
1. Line up these points with a straight-edge (3)
1.85
q185
2. Read 2.6 PSI (or 6 ft.) from the Head-Loss Line (4A) f = .2083 (100 ) x
3. Read 5.38 ft. per sec. from the Velocity Line (4B) c d4.8655
Chart f = Friction head loss in feet of water per 100 feet of pie.
Specifically for PVC d = Inside diameter of pipe in inches.
1.85
q q = Flow in gallons per minute.
f=0.985 c = Constant for inside roughness of the pipe (150 for PVC)
d4.366
PVC pipes have a smooth surface which neither en- Fittings introduce turbulence to the pipe system, their
courages nor supports fungal or bacterial growths and effect can be approximated in terms of equivalent feet
scale. Therefore the long term friction characteristics of pipe by using the following table and formula.
of these pipes is very similar to that of new PVC pipe.
Fitting Size Equivalent Feet Fitting Fitting

Factor Pipe of Pipe per Fitting Type Factor
90L 2.1
Example: 100’ of 6” SDR 35 PVC 45L 1.2
Pipe with 90 elbow
on end: Long Radius
Bend 90 1.2
Long Radius
2.1 x 6” = 12.6 Bend 45 0.6
100’ + 12.6’ = 112.6
Tee Run
to run 0.4
Tee Run
to Branch 3.0
Reducer 1.8
The combination of 100’ of 6” SDR 35 pipe + one 90 elbow is approximately equal to the loss in 112.6 of straight pipe.
Average inside diameters of Vassallo PVC Pipes
Average inside diameters by pipe schedule and SDR number

Nominal ASTM-2241 ASTM-2241 ASTM-2241 ASTM-1785 ASTM-1785
Pipe Size SDR 32.5 SDR 26 SDR 21 SCH 40 SCH 80
1/2 - - - .622 .546

3/4 - - - .824 .742
1 - - - 1.049 .957
1 1/4 - - - 1.380 1.278
1 1/2 - - - 1.610 1.500
2 - 2.193 - 2.067 1.939
2 1/2 2.699 2.655 2.601 2.469 2.323
3 3.284 3.230 3.166 3.068 2.900
3 1/2 - - - 3.548 3.364
4 4.224 4.154 4.072 4.026 3.826
5 - - - 5.047 4.813
6 6.217 6.115 5.993 6.065 5.761
8 8.095 7.961 7.805 7.981 -
10 - 9.924 9.728 10.020 -
12 - 11.770 11.538 11.938 -
SUCTION LINES AND COLLAPSE LOADING SERVICE:
The collapse rates to the right, are calculated using round pipes. Collapse pressures must be adjusted for
temperatures different than room temperature. To adjust pipe working pressure ratings, follow the tempera-
ture correction for pressure.
Collapse rates at 73 ºF (PSI)

Pipe Size Schedule 40 Schedule 80
1/2 1385 2345

3/4 765 2315
1 630 1750
1 1/4 345 995
1 1/2 250 730
2 145 465
2 1/2 195 535
3 130 370
3 1/2 95 290
4 75 235
6 - 150
8 - 105
10 - 90
12 - 80
SDR 41 all pipe sizes 7 PSI
SDR 32.5 all pipe sizes 15 PSI
Dimensional Information
of Vassallo PVC Pipe
ASTM D-1785 IPS 20 Ft Bell End ( White)
Schedule 80 Pressure Rating @ 73ºF Sockets Dimensions for Bell-End
Nominal Outside (in) Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Pressure Nominal Diameter, in
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. Rated, psi F G H
1/2” 0.840 0.157 0.526 0.205 850 0.848 0.836 1.000

3/4” 1.050 0.164 0.722 0.278 690 1.058 1.046 1.250
1” 1.315 0.190 0.936 0.408 630 1.325 1.310 1.500
1 1/4” 1.660 0.203 1.255 0.564 520 1.670 1.655 1.750
1 1/2” 1.900 0.212 1.476 0.684 470 1.912 1.894 2.000
2” 2.375 0.231 1.913 0.947 400 2.387 2.363 2.250
2 1/2” 2.875 0.293 2.290 1.444 420 2.889 2.861 2.500
3” 3.500 0.318 2.864 1.934 370 3.516 3.484 3.250
3 1/2” 4.000 0.337 3.326 2.359 350 4.016 3.984 3.500
4” 4.500 0.357 3.786 2.827 320 4.518 4.482 4.000
5” 5.563 0.398 4.768 3.924 290 5.583 5.543 4.000
6” 6.625 0.458 5.709 5.398 280 6.647 6.603 6.000
ASTM D-1785 IPS 20 Ft Bell End (White)

Schedule 40 Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF Sockets Dimensions for Bell-End
Nominal Outside (in) Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Pressure Nominal Diameter, in
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. Rated, psi F G H
1/2” 0.840 0.119 0.602 0.164 600 0.848 0.836 1.000
3/4” 1.050 0.123 0.804 0.218 480 1.058 1.046 1.250
1” 1.315 0.143 1.029 0.320 450 1.325 1.310 1.500
1-1/4” 1.660 0.150 1.360 0.433 370 1.670 1.655 1.750
1-1/2” 1.900 0.155 1.590 0.517 330 1.912 1.894 1.375
2” 2.375 0.164 2.047 0.693 280 2.387 2.363 1.750
2-1/2” 2.875 0.215 2.445 1.093 300 2.889 2.861 2.000
3” 3.500 0.229 3.042 1.432 260 3.516 3.484 2.875
3-1/2” 4.000 0.240 3.521 1.721 240 4.016 3.984 3.125
4” 4.500 0.251 3.998 2.038 220 4.518 4.482 3.375
5” 5.563 0.274 5.016 2.765 190 5.583 5.543 4.000
6” 6.625 0.297 6.031 3.592 180 6.647 6.603 5.000
8” 8.625 0.342 7.942 5.406 160 8.655 8.598 5.000
10” 10.750 0.387 9.976 7.665 140 10.776 10.722 7.500
12” 12.750 0.431 11.889 10.136 130 12.778 12.721 8.500
ASTM D 2241 IPS 20FT. End (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

Class 315 DR 13.5 315 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF
Nominal Outside (in) Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Gasket Bell Dimensions Cross Section Bell Dimensions
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. A B C D F G H
1/2” 0.840 0.076 0.696 0.106 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.848 0.836 1.000
3/4” 1.050 0.088 0.874 0.162 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.058 1.046 1.250
Class 200 DR 21 200 psi Pressure Ratuing @ 73 ºF

3/4” 1.050 0.070 0.910 0.131 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.058 1.046 1.250
1” 1.315 0.073 1.169 0.173 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.325 1.310 1.500
1 1/4” 1.660 0.089 1.482 0.267 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.670 1.655 1.750
1 1/2” 1.900 0.100 1.700 0.344 1.935 1.93 3.028 1.375 1.912 1.894 2.000
2” 2.375 0.123 2.129 0.529 2.410 2.405 3.028 1.375 2.387 2.363 2.250
2 1/2” 2.875 0.147 2.581 0.766 2.910 2.905 3.466 1.500 2.889 2.861 2.500
3” 3.500 0.167 3.166 1.064 3.540 3.535 3.871 1.754 3.516 3.484 3.250
4” 4.500 0.227 4.046 1.854 4.540 4.535 4.185 2.000 4.518 4.482 4.000
6” 6.625 0.335 5.955 4.027 6.700 6.695 5.609 3.000 6.647 6.603 6.000
8’ 8.625 0.435 7.756 6.801 8.700 8.655 6.939 3.985 8.655 8.598 6.000
Class 160 DR 26 150 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

1” 1.315 0.07 1.175 0.167 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.325 1.310 1.500
1 1/4” 1.66 0.65 0.360 1.255 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.670 1.655 1.750
1 1/2” 1.9 0.083 1.734 0.288 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.912 1.894 2.000
2” 2.375 0.101 2.173 0.439 2.410 2.405 3.028 1.375 2.382 2.369 2.750
2 1/2” 2.875 0.12 2.635 0.632 2.910 2.905 3.466 1.500 2.889 2.861 2.500
3” 3.5 0.145 3.210 0.930 3.540 3.535 3.871 1.754 3.516 3.484 3.250
4” 4.5 0.183 4.134 1.510 4.540 4.535 4.185 2.000 4.533 4.488 4.000
6” 6.625 0.2705 6.084 3.285 6.700 6.695 5.609 3.000 6.662 6.575 5.000
8” 8.625 0.352 7.921 5.565 8.700 8.655 6.939 3.985 8.655 8.598 6.000
10” 10.75 0.438 9.874 8.632 10.815 10.780 7.518 4.784 10.776 10.722 7.500
12” 12.75 0.5195 11.711 12.143 12.826 12.780 8.541 5.396 12.778 12.721 8.500
Class 125 DR 32.5 100 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

2 1/2” 2.875 0.098 2.679 0.520 2.410 2.405 3.028 1.375 2.382 2.369 2.750
3” 3.500 0.118 3.264 0.763 2.910 2.905 3.466 1.500 2.889 2.861 2.500
4” 4.500 0.148 4.204 1.231 3.540 3.535 3.871 1.754 3.516 3.484 3.250
5” 5.563 0.182 5.2 1.867 4.540 4.535 4.185 2.000 4.533 4.488 4.000
6” 6.625 0.216 6.193 2.646 6.700 6.695 5.609 3.000 8.655 8.598 6.000
8” 8.625 0.281 8.063 4.481 8.700 8.655 6.939 3.985 10.776 10.722 7.500
10” 10.750 0.351 10.048 6.976 10.815 10.780 7.518 4.784 12.778 12.721 8.500
AWWA C900 CIPS 20ft. (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

DR 14 200 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF
Nominal Outside (in) Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Rieber Gasket Bell Dimensions
Pipe Size Diameter Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. A B C D
4” 4.800 0.364 4.073 3.082 4.841 4.817 5.740 3.972

6” 6.900 0.523 5.855 6.368 6.947 6.920 6.692 4.569
8” 9.050 0.685 7.680 10.951 9.113 9.077 7.653 5.126
10” 11.100 0.841 9.419 16.480 11.168 11.128 8.732 5.764
12” 13.200 1.000 11.201 23.305 13.215 12.231 9.650 6.321

4” 4.800 0.283 4.234 2.443 4.841 4.817 5.740 3.972

6” 6.900 0.406 6.088 5.039 6.947 6.920 6.692 4.569
8” 9.050 0.533 7.984 8.676 9.113 9.077 7.653 5.126
10” 11.100 0.654 9.792 13.056 11.168 11.128 8.732 5.764
12” 13.200 0.777 11.646 18.448 13.215 12.231 9.650 6.321

4” 4.800 0.204 4.393 1.788 4.841 4.817 5.740 3.972
6” 6.900 0.293 6.315 3.694 6.947 6.920 6.692 4.569
8” 9.050 0.384 8.283 6.352 9.113 9.077 7.653 5.126
10” 11.100 0.471 10.159 9.558 11.168 11.128 8.732 5.764
12” 13.200 0.560 12.081 13.516 13.215 12.231 9.650 6.321
Vassallo C-905
A B
AWWA C905 CIPS 20ft. (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

Nominal Outside (in) Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight EPSMI Gasket Bell Dimensions
14” 15.300 1.159 12.983 31.310 15.390 15.345 9.000 6.000
*16” 17.400 1.318 14.765 40.495 17.550 17.475 9.500 6.250
18” 19.500 1.284 16.933 44.685 19.650 19.575 10.000 6.750

*14” 15.300 0.901 13.498 24.794 15.390 15.345 9.000 6.000
*16” 17.400 1.025 15.350 32.078 17.550 17.475 9.500 6.250
*18” 19.500 1.148 17.204 40.264 19.650 19.575 10.000 6.750
20” 21.600 1.272 19.056 49.417 21.790 21.695 11.250 7.500
24” 25.800 1.519 22.762 70.489 26.025 25.912 11.500 7.750

*14” 15.300 0.649 14.003 18.159 15.390 15.345 9.000 6.000
*16” 17.400 0.738 15.924 23.501 17.550 17.475 9.500 6.250
*18” 19.500 0.827 17.846 29.513 19.650 19.575 10.000 6.750
*20” 21.600 0.916 19.768 36.210 21.790 21.695 11.250 7.500
*24” 25.800 1.094 23.612 51.655 26.025 25.912 11.500 7.750
*Currently Available. Call for availability of all other sizes.
Pressure Rating
Water Pressure Rating for SDR Water Pressure Rating
and DR Pipe at 73ºF Schedule 40 and
Schedule 80 at 73ºF
Pressure Pressure
Rating (PSI) Rating (PSI)
Size Schedule 40 Schedule 80
SDR
1/2 600 850
21 200 3/4 480 690
26 160 1 450 630
32.5 125 1 1/4 370 520
1 1/2 330 470
DR C-900 2 280 400
2 1/2 300 420
14 200 3 260 370
18 150 3 1/2 240 350
4 220 320
DR C-900 5 190 290
6 180 280
14 200 8 160 -
18 150 10 140 -
12 130 -
Pressure Fittings
Specification Sheet
PVC Schedule-40 Fittings
Property ASTM Requirements
Vassallo PVC Schedule-40 Fittings are
Basic Resin D-1784 1120 Designation
manufactured using only the best available
PVC resins combined with the highest qual- Izod Impact @ 73ºF D-256 15 minimum(1)
ity additives. Our fittings meet or exceed
Tensile Strength D-638 7,000 psi minimum
the requirements of ASTM D-2466 stan-
dards (cell classification 12454-B): Modulus of Elasticity D-638 400,000 psi minimum
Deflection D-648 158°F
Temperature
Chemical Resistance D-543 Class B
(1) ft. lb. / in. notch
WA TE R -S E WE R -ST OR M DRA I NS -SA N IT A RY P R E S S U R E A P P L I C A T I O N

CPVC Pipes and Fittings

(Hot water)
DIMENSIONS AND
PRESSURE RATINGS
Pipes and fittings used in potable water systems are manufactured to the dimensions and
specifications outlined in ASTM D-2846. This product is tan in color and the tubing has
the same diameter as copper tubing. It is therefore, identified as copper-tube-size (CTS).
Tables 1 through Table III show some properties of these types of pipes and fittings.
Table I
Outside diameters, Wall thickness and Tolerance for CPVC 4120,
SDR 11 Plastic Tubing per ASTM D-2846.
Nominal Average Tolerance on Average Wall Tolerance

Size Tubing O.D. Average O.D. Tubing I.D. Thickness on Wall
1/2” 0.625 ±0.003 0.489 0.068 ±0.020

3/4” 0.875 ±0.003 0.715 0.080 ±0.020
Table II Table III

Pressure Ratings for CPVC 4120, Pressure Rating vsTemperature for
CTS CPVC 4120 SDR 11 PlasticTubing
SDR 11 PlasticTubing per ASTM D-2846
Nominal Size Pressure Rating, PSI Temperature De-Rating Factor Pressure Rating for
SDR 11 CPVC 4120 Pipe
Degree F PSI
@ 73°F @ 180°F
73 1.00 400
1/2” 400 100
80 1.00 400
3/4” 400 100
90 .91 360
100 .82 325
120 .65 260
140 .50 200
160 .40 160
180 .25 100
200 .20 80
WATER-SEWER-STORMDRAINS-SANITARY P R E S S U R E A P P L I C A T I O N
HOW TO ALLOW FOR THERMAL

EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
Like all piping materials, CPVC expands when heated Generally, thermal expansion can be accommodated
and contracts when cooled. CPVC piping (regardless with changes in direction; however, a long straight
of pipe diameter) will expand about 3.5 inches per run may require an offset or loop. For convenience,
100 ft. of length when subjected to a 100ºF tempera- loop (or offset) lengths have been calculated for dif-
ture increase. Therefore, allowances must be made ferent pipe sizes and different run lengths with a tem-
for this resulting enlargement. In addition, the pipe perature increase ( T) of about 80ºF. The results,
must be hung with smooth straps which will not re- shown in the Table IV, are presented simply as a guide
strict the movement. for quick and easy determination of acceptable loop
lengths for the approximate conditions.
Table IV
Calculated Loop (Offset) lengths for CPVC
Piping with T of about 80°F
Nom. Size AVG. O.D. Length of Run in Feet

20 40 60 80 100
Loop Length “L” Inches
1/2” .625 22 31 38 44 50
3/4” .875 26 37 46 52 58
An example was selected from the guide in Table IV to demonstrate its use in the
following three methods of compensating for the thermal expansion.
Example: Pipe size = 1/2 in.
Length of run = 60 ft.
“L” = 38 in. (from Table IV)
( L ) ( L ) (
5 4 60’ Run )
0 0 0
2L L
5 Support L
2 (38”)
(15 1/4”) Guides (19”)
0
0 0 0
( L ) ( L ) ( L )
5 5 4 CHANGE IN
DIRECTION
LOOP OFFSET Do not build against
fixed structures
(joist, stud, wall)

TableV
The following information and equations can be used Modulus of Elasticity for CPVC
to calculate specific values for thermal expansion and
loop (or offset) lengths for CPVC piping systems: Temperature ( °F) Modulus, E (PSI) Stress, S (PSI)
73 423,00 2000
90 403,000 1800
110 371,000 1500
Equation 1: Thermal Expansion = e = Lp C T
120 355,000 1,300
Where Lp = Length of Pipe, in.
C = Coefficient of thermal expansion, in./in./°F 140 323,000 1000
T = Change in temperature,°F 160 291,000 750
For CPVC C = 3.4 X 10 -5 in./in/°F. 180 269,000 500
Example: Calculate the change in length of a 100 - ft. section of
CPVC pipe when heated from 75°F to 160°F Thermal
Expansion,
e= LP C T TableVI
= 1200 in. x 3.4 x 10 -5 x (160° - 75°F) Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipes at Different Flow Rate
= 3.5 in.
The following equation is used to determine the developed length (L) of pipe Flow
required in an expansion loop or offset: Rate 1/2” 3/4”
(gpm)
Equation 2: Developed length = L = 3EDe
S VW HL PL VW HL PL
Where: E = Modulus of elasticity, psi (TableV) 1 1.74 3.36 1.46 0.81 0.52 0.23
D = Outside diameter of pipe, in. (from Table 1) 2 3.49 12.12 5.25 1.62 1.88 0.81
e =Thermal expansion, in. (from Eq. 1) 3 5.23 25.68 11.13 2.43 3.98 1.73
S = Allowable fiber stress, psi (TableV)
4 6.98 43.75 18.96 3.24 6.78 2.94
Example: Calculate the minimum offset required for a 60 - ft. run
of 1/2” CVPC for a temperature increase from 80°F 5 8.72 66.13 28.67 4.05 10.25 4.44
to 160°F.
6 10.47 92.70 40.18 4.86 14.37 6.23
From Equation 1: e = 60 ft. x 12”/ft. x 3.4 x 10 -5 x (160°-80°F)
7 12.21 123.33 53.46 5.67 19.12 8.29
= 2.0 in.
8 13.96 157.93 68.46 6.49 24.48 10.61
From Equation 2: [
L = 3 x 291, 000 x .625 x 2.0
750 ]
9 15.70 196.42 85.15 7.30 30.44 13.20
L = 38 in.
10 17.45 238.75 103.50 8.11 37.00 16.04
The developed length,“L” = 38, calculated here, is consistent with “L” values given
inTable IV. 15 12.16 78.41 33.99
20
25
VW = Water velocity, ft. per. sec

HL = Head Loss, ft. of water per 100 ft.
PL = Pressure loss, psi per 100 ft.
WATER-SEWER-STORMDRAINS-SANITARY P R E S S U R E A P P L I C A T I O N
IMPORTANT PRODUCT STANDARDS ASTM Standards

& LISTINGS (Relating to CPVC)
Standard Topic
Tan copper tube size CPVC is produced to the re-
D-2846 PVC Plastic Hot and Cold Water Distribution System
quirements of ASTM D-2846. All tubing and fittings
F-493 CPVC Solvent Cement Specifications
must bear the D2846 marking.
F-402 Handling Solvent Cements
CPVC solvent cements must conform to ASTM F-493 F-442 CPVC Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR/IPS)
and must carry this identification on the can labels. F-437 Threaded CPVC Fittings (SCH 80)
F-438 Socket CPVC Fittings (SCH 40)
Tubing and fittings for potable water applications must F-439 Socket CPVC Fittings (SCH 80)
be marked with the NSF - pw logo (or the logo of an F-441 CPVC Pipe (SCH 40 and 80)
equivalent third party certification agency), to ensure
that they meet requirements of ANSI/NSF Standards
14 and 61.
Building code approvals reference these standards and

require product to be marked accordingly.

Portadilla
Non-Pressure Pipes C
and Fittings A B
D
SOLID WALL PIPES
& FITTINGS
(SDR 35) (SDR 26)
ASTM D-3034 (4” to 15”)
Pipe Socket Dimensions
ASTM F-679 (18” to 27”)
ASTM F-1336 (4” to 27”) Pipe Size A B C D
ASTM D-3034
4” 4.335 4.320 3.230 2.500
Here are even more benefits you will get
6” 6.370 6.340 3.600 3.00
when you select Vassallo’s PVC Sewer Pipe.
8” 8.480 8.460 3.900 2.800
Vassallo’s Sewer Pipe is engineered from
10” 10.590 10.656 4.750 3.500
specially formulated PVC (polyvinyl chlo-
12” 12.600 12.590 5.500 4.600
ride) and it offers two advantages over 15” 15.562 15.500 6.500 4.600
competing pipe materials: ASTM F-679
18” 18.880 18.860 8.000 4.750
1) You can use smaller diameter PVC pipe 21” 22.280 22.250 9.500 5.500
than with other traditional sewer pipe ma- 24” 25.100 25.070 11.000 6.250
terials for the same discharge. Vassallo’s 27” 28.375 28.120 12.500 7.000
PVC sewer pipe’s glass-smooth inner walls

and longer lengths (fewer joints) provide a 2) You get greatly increased durability, with no sol-
Manning coefficient ¨n¨ of 0.009 when used vent weld or stress points for failure. Additionally,
for storm drain and 0.0011 when used for abrasion resistance and field handling are enhanced
sewer. with this solid wall design. In plant control tests are
run daily to guarantee the products quality and com-
pliance with Vassallo’s and ASTM Standards. Vassallo’s
plant in Ponce, Puerto Rico has one of the most mod-
ern laboratories, equipped with sophisticated testing
equipment. The pipes are tested for impact, burst pres-
sure, chemical resistance, flattening, joint integrity, and
dimensions, just to name a few.
G R A V I T Y P I P E S & F I T T I N G S
Vassallo
Citta
Vassallo’s Pipe Dimension /ASTM D-3034, ASTM F-679
Nominal Outside DIA. (in.) WallThickness Outside Approx. Moment Section

Pipe Size Average Tolerance Min. Tolerance Surface Weight of of Inertia Modulus
Per Ft. Pipe Per Ft. in4 in3
Lbs.
ASTM D-3034
4” 4.215 ±0.009 0.120 +10% 1.10 1.01 3.24 1.54
6” 6.275 ±0.011 0.180 +10% 1.64 2.25 16.02 5.11
8” 8.400 ±0.012 0.240 +10% 2.20 4.02 51.27 12.21
10” 10.500 ±0.015 0.300 +10% 2.75 6.28 125.16 23.84
12” 12.500 ±0.018 0.360 +10% 3.27 8.47 253.23 40.52
15” 15.300 ±0.023 0.437 +10% 4.011 3.34 564.09 73.74
ASTM F-679
18” 18.701 ±0.028 0.536 4.896 19.99 1.3X10 3 141.22
3
21” 22.047 ±0.033 0.632 5.772 27.76 2.3x10 231.42
3
24” 24.803 ±0.037 0.711 6.493 35.14 4.1x10 329.51
3
27” 27.953 ±0.042 0.801 7.318 44.62 6.6x10 471.51
Installation Tips
RECEIVING, STORAGE AND HANDLING INSTALLATION
Each piece of pipe must be inspected for damage and It is of great importance to keep trenches clean and
checked for quantities against the shipping list when to follow all safety rules, it saves time and money.
pipe load arrives. Note missing or damaged items on Protect workers in hazardous conditions with sheet-
waybill. It is your responsibility to unload the ship- ing, trench boxes and slope walls, when necessary.
ment with care. PVC pipe is tough, but it should not Keep the trenches as dry as possible at all times.
be slammed around. Place pipe on reasonably level
ground, alternating spigot to bell no higher than eight
feet. If pipe must be stored for a long period of time
under direct sunlight, protect it with a dark plastic or
a tarp. Air should move freely around pipe. Do not
stack the pipes next to heat sources such as heaters
and steam boilers.
THE TRENCH BOTTOM FINAL BACKFILL

The trench bottom should be firm with uniform grade. Avoid using large boulders, clumps of frozen soil, rub-
Rocks and boulders should be removed to provide at ber and other such material during final backfilling. Gen-
least four inches of cushion under the pipe. Make erally, original excavated material and compacted soil
sure to have bell holes for each joint for proper sup- can be used for final backfill according to the engineer’s
port. The use of proper embedment material is very specifications. Minimum depth can be 12” depending
important for a trouble-free operation of the pipe on engineer’s recommendations.
system.
Deflection of
ASSEMBLY
Vassallo supplies its pipe with gasket already installed
Solid Wall PVC Pipe
which can easily be removed and reinstalled, if EPSMI
gasket are used. Clean both, gasket area and pipe end ENGINEERING DATA
with a clean rag. Lubricate the spigot end of the pipe Substantial data is available for PVC sewer pipe made
with the vegetable lubricant furnished by Vassallo or in accordance with ASTM D-3034 with minimum pipe
special pipe lubricant. Enter pipe spigot into the pipe stiffness of 46 psi and has been compiled by research-
socket until it touches the gasket, then push until you ers at the Buried Structures Laboratory, Utah State
reach the full insertion mark. Use a bar and block to University. The results of many measurements are
insert large pipes. Do not ever force pipe into joints categorized in the table for long term deflection of
with backhoe buckets. PVC Pipe (SDR 35). Deflections presented in this table
represent the largest deflections encountered under
HAUNCHING the conditions specified. Data presented in this man-
Placement of the haunching materials is one the most ner is designed to provide a great deal of flexibility to
important factor affecting pipe’s performance and de- engineers. Its use, in most cases, will show that sev-
flection. Place properly compacted material to pro- eral engineering solutions may be available, and eco-
vide side support. At the end of the day, be sure to nomic inputs may suggest a proper solution.
plug all pipe ends to keep dirt, debris and animals from
entering the pipes.
INITIAL BACKFILL
Keep initial backfill free from rock and clods which
could damage the pipe. The initial backfill should be at
least 6” over the top of the pipe to protect the pipe
from damage during final backfilling.
For example, suppose PVC sewer pipe (ASTM D-3034) If this is the case, Class I, II or III material may be im-
with a minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi is to be in- ported and used with appropriate embedment pro-
stalled where the native soil is a Class IV clay. Ninety cedures to limit maximum deflection to 7.5%. The
percent of the line will be at depths as great as 20 feet. choice will be based on availability, convenience and,
According to the table, the native Class IV material consequently, on cost. For the deep portion of the
could be used for that portion of the pipeline with line, Class III and Class IV material compacted to 85%,
less than 14 feet of cover if compacted to 75% of the Class II material compacted to 80%, or Class I mate-
Standard Proctor test, thereby insuring maximum rial without compaction could be used successfully
deflections of less than 7.5%. However, ground water (Please refer to table on page 39).
conditions may make compaction difficult, even im-
possible, or may result in subsequent reduction in soil
strength.
Long term deflections of PVC (SDR 35) Pipe (percent)

ASTM Embedment Density Height of Cover (Feet)
Material (Proctor)
Classification AASHTO-99 3 5 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Manufactured
Granular Class I 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Angular
Clean Sand Class I1 90% 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0
& Gravel 80% 0.9 1.4 2.3 3.2 3.6 4.1 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.4 7.3 7.7 8.2 9.1
Sand & 90% 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3
Gravel with Class II1 85% 0.7 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5
Fines 75% 1.1 1.8 2.9 3.8 4.5 5.5 6.8 8.5 9.9 11.3 12.7 14.1 15.5 16.8
65% 1.3 2.4 3.6 4.7 5.5 6.8 8.5 9.6 11.4 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.3 18.0
85% 0.65 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5
Silt & Clay Class IV 75% 1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.0 6.5 7.8 9.5 10.6 12.2 13.5 15.0 16.3 17.0
65% 1.3 2.4 3.6 4.7 5.5 8.0 10.5 12.5 15.0 17.6 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0
Organic Soil ClassV This soil class not recommended
& Peat
1. No length of pipe installed under conditions specified will deflect more than is indi- ExcavatedTrenchsWidth
cated; the pipe will deflect less than the amount indicated if the specified density is Final
Backfill
obtained.
2. Embedment Material classifications are as per ASTM designation D-2321-72 “Under-
ground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe”. Gover
6” to 12”
PipeWidth
3. Deflections listed in table are maximum long term values. Recommended maximum
Pipe Embedment
Initial
Backfill
deflection is 7 1/2%. Spring Line
4. Listed deflections are those caused by soil loading only and do not include initial out Pipe
Zone
Pipe
of roudness, etc. Haunching
Bedding
Foundation
(May not be
required)
Description of Material Classification

Soil Soil
class type Description of material classification
1
Manufactured angular, granular material. 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches (6 to 40 mm) size, including
I materials having regional significance such as crushed stone or rock, broken coral, crushed
slag, cinders, or crushed shells.
GW Well-graded gravels, and gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines, clean.

2 PG Poorly graded gravel sand gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines, clean.
II Well-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines, clean. 1. Expressed as percent of stan-
SW
SP Poorly graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines, clean. dard Protector density range.
2. Table serves as an approximate
guide for defining average Proc-
GM Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures. tor densities attained through
III GC Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures. various methods of soil consoli-
SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures. dation in different classes of soil.
SC Clayey sands, sand clay mixtures. The table is intented to provide
guidance and is not recom-
mended for design use. Actual
ML Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands.Liquid limit 50% or less. design values should be devel-
CL Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays. oped by the engineer for spe-
Liquid limit 50% or less. cific moisture contents.
IV
MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or distomaceous fine sands or silts, elastic silts.
Liquid limit greater than 50%.
CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity fat clays. Liquid limit greater than 50%
OL Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity. Liquid limit 50% or less.
V OH Organic clays of medium to high plasticity. Liquid limit greater than 50%
PT Peat, muck and other highly organic soils.
Estimated Range of Compaction

Material Description2
Class 1 Class II
Manufactured Sand & Class III Class IV
Class of embedment Granular Gravel Mixed-Grain Fine Grain
Material Soil-Clean Soil Soil
Compact by power lamper or rammer 95-100 95-100 95-100 90-100

Densify by portable vibrator 80-95 80-90 80-90 75-90
Consolidate by saturation 80-95 80-95
Hand placing 60-80
Hand Tamping 60-80 60-80 60-75
Dumping 60-80 60-80 60-80 60-75
PVC SDR-35
Gasket Solvent Weld & Sewer Fittings
Vassallo PVC SDR-35 Gasket Sewer Fittings are pro- Property ASTM Requirements
duced to meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM Dimension D-2122 Per size diameter
D-1784 Standards (cell classification 12454-B): Impact Strength D-2444 ft-lb per size diameter
Pipe Stop Load F-1336 lb per size diameter
Property ASTM Requirements Support (Sec. 10.3)
Basic Resin D-1784 1120 Designation Molded Quality F-610 Applies to molded
fittings only
Izod Impact D-256 0.65 minimum
Branch Bending F-1336 40.0 ft-lb
Tensile Strength D-638 7,000 psi minimum (Sec. 10.5) (fabricated fittings
Modulus of Elasticity D-638 400,000 psi minimum only)
Deflection D-648 158 ºF
Temperature All gasket seals used to produce Vassallo SDR-35 Gas-
Chemical Resistance D-543 Class B ket Sewer Fittings meet or exceed ASTM F-477 Stan-
dard compound requirements. The locked-in gasket
Vassallo Gasket and Solvent Weld Fittings meet or ex- joint tested for water tightness in accordance to ASTM
ceed the requirements of ASTM D-3034, F-679, and D-3212 (10.8-psi gauge, 25 feet head, and 22” Hg
F-1336 Standards. vacuum).
Vassallo SDR-35 Sewer Fittings are designed and manu-

factured for non-pressure gravity sewer applications.
Our fittings will meet or exceed all reasonable per-
Vassallo SDR 35 Gasket Fittings formance standards when installed as recommended
by the latest edition of the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe
Association’s “Handbook of PVC Pipe”, and ASTM
D-2321 Standards.
Vassallo SDR 35 Solvent Weld
Fittings
SDR 26 PVC and DWV
Vassallo SDR-26 Gasket Sewer Fittings are All gasket seals used to produceVassallo SDR-26 Gas-
designed and manufactured for non-pres- ket meet or exceed the requirements for elastomeric
sure gravity sewer applications. Our SDR- seals under the ASTM F-477 Standards. The locked in
26 Gasket Heavy Wall Sewer Fittings meet gasket joint is tested for water tightness in accordance
or exceed the requirements of the ASTM to ASTM D-3212 Standards.
D-3034 and ASTM F-1336.
SPECIFICATION SHEET PVC
Vassallo SDR-26 Gasketed Sewer and SDR-26 GASKET SEWER FITTINGS
DWV Fittings are produced using only the
best available PVC resins combined with Vassallo PVC SDR-26 Gasket Sewer Fittings are pro-
the highest quality additives. Our fittings duced using only the best available PVC resins com-
compound meet or exceeds the require- bined with the highest quality additives.
ments of ASTM D-1784 Standards.
Basic Resin D-1784 1120 Designation
Izod Impact D-256 0.65 minimum
Tensile Strength D-638 7,000 psi minimum
Modulus D-638 400,000 psi minimum
of Elasticity
Deflection D-648 158 ºF
Temperature
Chemical Resistance D-543 Class B

Dimensions D-2122 Per Size diameter
Impact Strength D-2444 ft-lb per size diameter
Pipe stop load F-1336 lb. per size diameter
support (Sec.10.3)
Branch Bending F-1336 40.0 ft-lb
(Sec. 10.5) (fabricated fittings only)
A B D
PVC DWV FITTINGS
C
Vassallo PVC DWV Fittings are produced using only
the best available PVC resins combined with the high-
est quality additives.
ASTM D-2665 Pipe OD, Wall Thickness,

hub dimensions:
Vassallo DWV Fittings are designed and manufactured
for water pressure applications. Our fittings will meet
Nominal OD Tolerance A B C D or exceed all reasonable performance standards when
Size +/- Min Min
installed as recommended by the latest edition of the
4” 4.500” .009” 4.520” 4.495” 1 3/4” .250” Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association “Handbook of PVC
6” 6.625” .011” 6.647” 6.614” 3” .281” Pipe”, and ASTM D-2665 Standards.
8” 8.625” .015” 8.655” 8.610” 4” .328”
10” 10.750” .015” 10.780” 10.735” 5” .365”
12” 12.750” .015” 12.780” 12.735” 6” .406”
Stormdrain-Sewer
Vasspiral Pipe-ASTM F-1803
Vasspiral Sewer Pipe is engineered from A higher durability is obtained with no solvent weld
pure clean PVC (polyvinyl chloride). It of- or stress points for potential failure. Additionally, abra-
fers two advantages over competing pipe sion resistance and field handling are enhanced.
materials.
Vasspiral PVC Sewer Pipe will meet your strictest qual-
You can use smaller diameter PVC pipe ity standards, by meeting Vassallo’s own standards first.
than with traditional sewer pipe materials. At the Vassallo plant in Ponce, Puerto Rico, daily in-
Vasspiral PVC pipe’s glass-smooth inner plant quality control tests are run in accordance with
walls and longer lengths (fewer joints) pro- ASTM specifications.
vide a Manning coefficient “n” of .009.
With one of the most modern laboratories, equipped
The next table compares reduced pipe di- with sophisticated testing equipment, we test for im-
ameter permitted when Vasspiral PVC Pipe pact, burst pressure, chemical resistance, flattening, joint
is used against those required for Rein- integrity, and dimensions.
forced Concrete (RCP) and corrugated
Metal (CMP) to obtain equivalent flow Comparison of pipe diameter required for
characteristics. pipes with various Manning Coefficient (n) val-
ues, when used for storm drains.
PVC PIPE RCP CMP

N=0.009 N=0.015 N=0.025
18” 24” 30”
24” 30” 33”
30” 36” 42”
36” 42” 48”
42” 48” 54”
48” 54” 66”
Long Term Deflection of PVC (46 PSI Stiffness) Pipe (Percent)

ASTM Embedment Density Height of Cover (Feet)
Material (Proctor)
Classification AASHTO-99 3 5 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Manufactured
Granular CLASS I 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Angular
Clean Sand CLASS II 90% 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0
& 80% 0.9 1.4 2.3 3.2 3.6 4.1 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.4 7.3 7.7 8.2 9.3
Gravel
CLASS III 90% 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3
Sand & 85% 0.7 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5
Gravel with 75% 1.1 1.8 2.9 3.8 4.5 5.5 6.8 8.5 9.9 11.3 12.7 14.7 15.5 16.8
Fines 65% 1.3 2.4 3.6 4.7 5.5 6.8 8.5 9.6 11.4 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.3 18.0
CLASS IV 85% 0.65 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5
Silt & 75% 1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.0 6.5 7.8 9.5 10.6 12.2 13.5 15.0 16.3 17.0
Clay 65% 1.3 2.4 3.6 4.7 5.5 8.0 10.5 12.5 15.0 17.6 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0
Organic Soil CLASSV This Soil Class not Recommended

& Peat
1. No length of pipe installed under conditions specified, will deflect more than is indicated; the pipe will deflect less tham the amount indicated the
specified density is obtained.
2. Embedment Material classifications are as per ASTM designation D-2321 “Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe”
3. Deflections listed in table are maximum long term values. Recommended maximum deflection is 7 1/2%.
Estimated Range of Compaction

Material Description2
Class 1 Class II
Manufactured Sand & Class III Class IV
Class of embedment Granular GRavel Mixed-Grain Fine Grain
Material Soil-Cleam Soil Soil
Compact by power lamper or rammer 95-100 95-100 95-100 90-100

Densify by portable vibrator 80-95 80-90 80-90 75-90
Consolidate by saturation 80-95 80-95
Hand placing 60-80
Hand Tamping 60-80 60-80 60-75
Dumping 60-80 60-80 60-80 60-75
1. Expressed as percent of standard Proctor density range.

2. Table servces as an approximate guide for defining average Proc-
tor densities attained through various methods of soil consoli-
dation in different classes of soil. The table is intended to pro-
vide guidance and is not recommended for design use. Actual
design values should be developed by the engineer for specific
moisture contents.
For description of material classification see table on page 41.
Flow Capacity Nomogram for Vasspiral Pipe

3
48”
15 Ft/S 42”
10 Ft/S 36”
4 Ft/S 6 Ft/S 30”
2 5 Ft/S 27”
24”
3 Ft/S
Low Flow CFS
2 Ft/S 21”
18”
0
-4 -3 -2 -1
Log (Slope) Ft/Ft
Vassloc PVC
Gravity Stormdrain / Sewer Pipe
ASTM F794/AASHTO-M 304
VASSLOC PVC
LARGE DIAMETER PIPE Pipe Dimension (in inches)
Nominal Pipe Size Min. Inside Diemeter Tolerance on Inside
Diameter
Introduced late in 1991, Vassloc pipe pro-
18 17.595 +0.110
vides diameters from 18” to 48” for drain-
21 20.690 +0.120
age and gravity sewer applications. Benefits 24 23.430 +0.140
of Vassloc include: tightly sealing elasto- 27 26.420 +0.160
meric joints and easy, timesaving assembly 30 29.410 +0.180
due to longer than typical lenghts and 36 35.395 +0.210
pushtogether joints. 42 41.375 +0.250
48 47.360 +0.280
Vassallo Industries large diameter Vassloc

drainage and gravity sewer pipe is suitable
MATERIALS
for use in conveying ordinary domestic
The pipe and fittings shall be made of PVC plastic
sanitary sewage and many industrial waste
having a minimum cell classification of 12454C or
materials. Its unique design and many prod-
13364C as defined in ASTM D-1784 Standards.
uct features are the result of research and
technology gained from over 35 years of
PIPE
pipe manufacturing. Vassallo continues to
All pipes shall be suitable for use as conduit for rain
lead the way in pipe innovations. With over
water drainage of gravity collection of sewage. Provi-
27 patents in piping systems and new de-
sions must be made for contraction and expansion
velopments which are patent pending,
at each joint with a rubber ring. The bell shall consist
Vassallo now offers this pipe construction
of an integral wall section. The solid cross section
technology that combines strength with
rubber ring shall be factory assembled in either the
efficient material utilization.
bell or spigot. Sizes and dimensions shall be as shown
in this specification. Standard laying lengths shall be
SCOPE
13 ft. At manufacturer’s option, random lengths of
This specification designates general re-
not more than 15% of total footage may be shipped
quirements for unplasticized polyvinyl chlo-
in lieu of standard lengths.
ride (PVC) plastic (spiral wound) gravity
sewer pipe with integral wall bell and spigot
joints for the conveyance of liquid.
JOINING SYSTEM FITTINGS

Integral bell gasket joint: The joint shall be designed All fittings and accesories shall be as manufactured
so that when assembled, the gasket (which is attached and furnished by the pipe supplier or approved equal
to the spigot) will be compressed radially in the bell and have bell and/or spigot configurations compatible
to form a watertight seal. with that of the pipe.
The joint shall be designed to avoid displacement of Because of the present stage of technology in the in-
the gasket when installed in accordance with the dustry, all fittings are fabricated fittings. Fabricated fit-
manufacturer’s recommendation. The assembly of tings with solvent cemented components shall be made
joints shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s in accordance with ASTM Practice D-2855 and ASTM
recommendations. Practice F-402.
IMPACT RESISTANCE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

Determine the impact resistance of the pipe in accor- REQUIREMENTS
dance with ASTM Test Method D-2444, using the 30lb. Pipe shall be designed to pass all tests described herein
(15kg.) Tup B and flat plate holder B. Ten specimens at 73° F (+3° F).
shall be tested these specimens should be oriented
so that one of the ribs receives the strike essentially PIPE STIFFNESS
centered on the tup face. Failure in the test speci- Pipe stiffness shall be tested in accordance with ASTM
mens shall be any shattering or any crack or split ex- Test Method D-2412. Test three specimens, with a
tending through the main wall of the pipe that was minimum lenght 12 inches, and determine the average
created by the impact and that can be seen by the pipe stiffness. Stiffness will be different depending on
naked eye. Nine out of ten specimens passing consti- pipe application.
tute an acceptable product. The impact strength shall
Note: Pipes may be restrained in flat plate test to prevent twisting in the
not be less than 220 ft. lbs. test apparatus.
Note: Shorter sections, not less than 12 inches in length, may be tested to
accomodate the impact testing machine since this will be a more severe
impact resistance test.
JOINT TIGHTNESS DIMENSIONS

Two sections of pipe shall be assembled in accordance Inside diameter: Determine the average inside diam-
with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Joints shall eter using an internal micrometer or telescoping gauge
be tested in accordance with ASTM D-3212, Joints accurate to +0.001 inch. Take stufficient readings, a
for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elas- minimum of 4, to ensure that the maximum and mini-
tomeric Seals.” mum values have been determined.
Calculate the average diameter as the arithmetic mean
FLATTENING of the diameters measured. As an alternate method,
Flatten three specimens of pipe, each with a minimum an ID type circumferential tape may be used if proper
of 6 inches long, between parallel plates in a suitable care is taken to align it at right angles to the pipe axis.
press until the distance between the plates is 40% of
the outside diameter of the pipe. The rate of loading WALL THICKNESS
shall be uniform and such that the compression is com- Measure the wall thickness of the waterway in the
pleted within 2 to 5 minutes. The specimens shall gaps between ribs in accordance with Section 4 of
pass if no splitting, cracking, or breaking is observed ASTM Method D-2122. Make sufficient readings, a
under normal light with the unaided eye. Small tears minimum of 8, to ensure that the minimum thickness
initiated at the cut end of the rib shall not consititute has been determined. Wall thickness will be different
failure. for different stiffness requirements.
Fabricated Fittings
The Fabrication Department is composed
of highly trained professionals whose work
could be described as a marriage between
technology and art. Creativity is the blood-
stream of the department. The group is
equipt with the latest plastic processing and
welding equipment.
The department manufactures custom

made or low quantity non-standard fittings
in trade sizes of 4 to 48 inches, for applica-
tions like ASTM D3034 (sdr35, sdr 26) and
closed profile to 48 inches , ASTM F 794
and F 1803.
F A B R I C A T E D F I T T I N G S
Installation
HANDLING AND
STORAGE
Unplasticized PVC is a strong lightweight For temporary storage in the field where racks are
material being about one fifth the weight of not provided, care should be taken to ensure that the
steel or cast iron. As a result, pipes made of ground is leveled and free of sharp objects (i.e. loose
this material are very easily handled. Con- stones, etc.)
sequently, there is a tendency to throw them
about more readily than material counter- Pipes stored should not exceed three or four layers
parts, mistreatment that should be discour- high and should be stacked to prevent movement.
aged. Reasonable care should be taken in
handling and storaging to prevent damage. The above recommendations are for average summer
conditions, temperature approximately 70°F. Where
Pipes should be given adequate support at possible, pipes should be stored in the shade since
all times. They should not be stacked in large the dark PVC tends to absorb heat from direct sun-
piles, especially under warm temperature shine. Where higher temperatures are encountered,
conditions, as the bottom pipes may distort, the stack heights should be reduced. Stack heights
thus giving rise to difficulty in jointing. should be reduced if pipes are nested, pipes stored
inside pipes of a larger diameter. Reduction in height
For long-term storage, pipe racks should should be proportional to the total weight of the
provide continuous support along the length. nested pipes compared with the weight of pipes nor-
If this is not possible, timber supports of at mally contained in such racks.
least 3 inches bearing width at spacing not
greater than three-foot centers should be Since the soundness of any joint depends on the con-
placed beneath the pipes. If the stacks are dition of the pipe end, special care should be taken in
rectangular, use twice this spacing at the transit, handling and storage to avoid damage to these
sides. Pipes in such racks may be stored ends.
not more than seven layers high, but if dif-
ferent classes of pipes with the thickest walls The impact resistance of unplasticized PVC is reduced
should always be at the bottom. Sharp cor- somewhat as the temperature drops below 0°C,
ners of metal racks should be avoided. therefore, more care in handling should be exercised
in winter conditions.
I N S T A L L A T I O N G E N E R A L
When loading pipes on vehicles care should be taken FLANGING

not to allow them to come into contact with any sharp One of the earliest methods for joining plastic pipes,
corners, such as angle irons and nail heads given that flanging, continues to be used extensively, especially
the pipes may be damage by being rubbed against these for process lines that must be dismantled frequently.
during transit. Plastic flanges and flanged fittings are available in a full
size range and may be attached to the pipe by solvent
While in transit, pipes should be well secured over welding or by the mechanical means.
their entire length. Pipes should never be allowed to
wave about by being left projecting unsecured from MECHANICAL
the back of trailer. PVC Pipes can be used in conjunction with most of
the mechanical joints currently available. These joints
Pipes may be loaded off from vehicles by rolling them are not thrust bearing and require thrust blocks at
gently down timbers, taking care to ensure that pipes changes of direction and pipe ends. When designing
do not fall one upon another nor on to any hard un- systems employing these joints, the recommendations
even surface. of the pipe and/or joint manufacturers should be
sought.
Pipes should be stored in units on a flat base. If stored
outside for long periods of time, pipe discoloration
can occur on surfaces exposed to direct sunlight. Pipes RECEIVING THE PIPE
which have become discolored must be handled with Inspect each pipe shipment for damages. Check quan-
care, as their impact strength may be reduced. Other tities against the shipping packing list when pipe load
physical properties such as tensile and flexural strength arrives and specify missing or damages items on way-
are unaffected by the discoloration. If pipes are to be bill. The load is carefully inspected and placed on the
stored after exposed to sunlight for more than six carrier’s truck at the manufacturer plant. However, if
months, these should be covered with canvas or other the shipment is damaged during transit, please write a
material opaque to ultraviolet light. note on the bill of loading and file the claim with the
carrier.
Prior to using pipes which have been stored outdoors
for extended periods of time, the rubber gasket should UNLOADING THE PIPE
be inspected for cracking. Surface crazing is cosmetic Pipe should be removed in units by using mechanical
and does not impair the serviceability of the rings. equipment. Remove restraints that bind the unit to
the truck. Do not cut the bands that hold each unit
together. Un load the units by rows, using a forklift or
front-end loader outfitted with fork arms long enough
to reach well past the last pipe in the unit.
If a forklift is not available, a spreader bar on top com- FOUNDATION AND BEDDING
bined with nylon straps is capable of handling the load. Foundation materials are based on site conditions and
Cables should not be used unless cushioned with a specified by the Project Engineer in contract docu-
rubber hose sleeve or other material to prevent dam- ments to stabilize any unstable conditions. Pipe bed-
age. Do not handle units with cables or chains or at- ding is used to bring the pipe to grade and to provide
tach cables to unit frames for lifting. Units should be a uniform longitudinal support. Care must be taken to
stored on level ground and not stacked more than choose foundation bedding and haunching materials
two units high. Units dun age must carry the weight that are compatible to minimize migration or loss of
of unit above it. Pipes may also be unloaded by hand. bedding or haunching support. Haunching material is
To do this, the pipes must be separated from its unit. critical in controlling deflection and should be placed
Because the units are tightly banded together, they so as to eliminate voids and to obtain densities re-
may spring apart as individual bands are cut and pipes quired in contract specifications.
are released. Cut only the bands of that unit which is
being unloaded. For cold weather, extra care should TAMPING AND BACKFILL
be used in handling it.The flexibility and impact resis- Trench bedding or bottom shall be of a uniform thick-
tance of PVC is reduced as the temperature ap- ness and density. Once the pipe is joined, pipe zone
proaches and drops below the freezing point bedding material should be placed in the haunching
and pipe zone areas of the pipe as called for in the
AT THE TRENCH SITE engineering specifications. Uniform stable backfill is
The pipe bedding should be prepared prior to the achieved by placing the specified material in layers in
pipe placement. If there is any discrepancy between order to eliminate voids and make firm contact with
the contract documents and the manufacturer’s in- the pipe. A tamping bar can facilitate this in the lower
structions, the contract administrator or officer should quadrant of the pipe (haunches).
be contacted and the discrepancy resolved by con- Mechanical tampers may be called for in some ins-
sulting with the manufacturer. tances and care should be taken to avoid a direct con-
tact between the pipe and the tamper. Hydrohammers
should not be used within three feet above the pipe
and only when the pipe zone material has been previ-
ously compacted to a minimum of 85% of standard
proctor density. Backfill shall be placed in 6" or 8" lift
on alternate sides of the pipe and compacted so as
not to disturb pipe grade or alignment.
Flooding or water tamping should only be used when FIELD TAPPING

trenches incorporate soils, which are naturally self- Saddles are available for field tapping Vasspiral pipe.
draining. Required pipe zone densities must be The saddle base can be used as a template to trace
achieved prior to placement of the overburden load. the hole pattern with a felt tipped pen. A hole is easily
Water jetting should be used to compact the material cut with a hole saw. After the hole has been properly
in the pipe zone. When jetting is used to consolidate cut, the exposed interior channels should be sealed as
backfill for a roadway, care should be taken not to described for field cutting. The saddle can then be
lower the jet probe to the point that it disturbs the installed according to manufacturer’s instructions.
pipe zone support materials.
INSTALLATION THROUGH CASINGS
Initial backfill is placed over the pipe to protect it from Use adequate sized casings for insertion of Vasspiral
other objects and should be free of large rocks (more pipe as described in table for minimum casing. Pipe
than 3" in diameter), frozen lumps or debris. Final should not rest on the bell as placed or pushed in the
backfilling should begin only after a final inspection of casing. Skids should be prepared to raise, support and
the trench and removal of larger loose objects. position the pipe lengths in the casing. Such skids
must be extended to the full length of the pipe except
for the bell and spigot assembly mark to help prevent
MANHOLE ENTRY
over belling during the pulling and pushing operations.
Manhole type and construction vary widely and re-
Skids should be securely strapped to the pipe, with
quire a special installation. However, Vasspiral has a
bands placed in notches in the skids so as to prevent
uniform outside diameter, which can be used directly
movement between the skid and the pipe during in-
as the sealing surface. Methods applied to solid wall
sertion. Skidded pipe should be pushed and pulled
PVC pipe also apply to Vasspiral. Concrete will not
into place by a steady, even pressure, not a jerky move-
bond well to PVC.
ment. Petroleum products, which would damage rub-
ber gaskets, should not be used. Pressure grouting is
A watertight system will require a water stop. An “0”
specified to fill the pipe casing annular space. It re-
ring gasket can be placed around the pipe end and
quires a lot of care.
then grouted in place with a non-shrinking grout. Sev-
eral types of manholes, which incorporate a rubber
boot, can also be used.
The following precautions must be observed: With a measuring tape parallel to the axis of the pipe,
1. Grout application pressure must be closely moni- mark the length required for the spigot or bell end.
tored and controlled whether delivered by a stand This process should be repeated until marks are made
pipe or pump; around the circumference, then use masking tape to
2. Grout pressure at the point of delivery should connect the marks into a continuous line for cutting.
exceed 5 psi; Field cut lengths expose the internal honeycomb struc-
3. A sensitive pressure gauge with 1-2 psi gradua- ture of the pipe and these channels should be plugged
tions should be used to monitor the grout pres- or sealed. 3M Industrial sealing no. 612 is well suited
sure; and for this and can be made into a 1/2' round ball that is
4. Pipes must be thoroughly examined prior to final jammed into the channel and pushed tightly into the
insertion for any sign of damage or irregularity. corners of the channels to produce tight seal. Ram
Neck (K. T. Shyder Co.) is available as a caulking and
FIELD CUTTING sealing compound and can be used in the same man-
Vasspiral sewer pipe has a uniform outside diameter ner.
that provides a sealing surface at every point along its
length. Open channels of the honeycomb cross sec- VERTICAL RISERS OR CHIMNEYS
tion have been factory sealed at the spigot end to The practice of using deep vertical risers or “chim-
prevent water entry and facilitate air testing. Each neys” generates high loads on main line pipes and fit-
length of pipe has been air tested in the factory to tings. Designer should provide detailed construction
verify the integrity of the seam, end seals, and gasket drawings in which a vertical casing is used. Risers
joints. It is easier to cut pipe in lengths before it is should be supported at the bottom by a concrete or
placed in the trench. A builder’s saw with an abrasive gravel pad or with special telescoping fittings or joints
disc blade is best suited for cutting the pipe into spe- designed to accommodate the anticipated settlement.
cial lengths.
TABLE FOR MINIMUM CASING
Nominal Pipe Size Minimum Casing

(inches) (inches)
18 30-32
24 36-38
30 44-48
36 48-50
42 52-54
48 58-60
FIELD TESTING FIELD BENDING OF PVC PIPE

Joint Integrity-Vasspiral is designed to provide the same Rigid PVC is a thermoplastic material. Within a tem-
tight joint performance of smooth or solid wall PVC perature range of approximately 245°F to 260°F it
gasket joints and to meet the requirements of ASTM softens, becomes pliable and its shape can be changed.
D-3212. The joint and installation work may be tested With proper care, the interval diameter and wall thick-
by a specified field test. An exfiltration test or com- ness of the pipe will not be altered.
mon air test may be used. There is no universal cor-
relation between these tests. The project engineer A heated air stream can be used to attain the required
shall provide instructions for a particular test proce- temperature. An open flame would damage PVC, its
dure. use near the pipes must be avoided. The material will
retain shape while being slowly or rapidly cooled at
Air testing must be preceded by making certain caps room temperature. Air or water can be used for this
and plugs, which are securely blocked to prevent move- purpose, and will not affect PVC.
ment. Uni-Bell specification Uni-B 6 “Recommended
Practice for Low Pressure Air Testing of Installed Sewer Special jigs, moulds, springs and heating arrangements
Pipe”, should be used as a guide. Allowable infiltra- are required for bending pipes with size larger than
tion for pipe shall be 50 gallons per inch of pipe diam- 2”. Therefore, bending of PVC pipe in these sizes
eter per mile of length per day. Manholes and other should be attempted only if a field shop, suitable
connections to pipe are additional sources of infiltra- equipped and staffed is set up.
tion and may also require testing. Allowable exfiltration
shall not exceed 50 gallons per inch of diameter per If a field is not available, bending of PVC pipes in the
mile of length per day. The average internal pipe pres- field should be limited to a maximum size of 2”. The
sure shall not exceed 5 psi (11.4 of water), and the requirements for these sizes are a heat gun and good
peak pressure shall not exceed 10.8 psi (25' of water). workmanship. The heat gun should produce a tem-
perature of approximately 250°F at the surface of the
pipe to be bent. The work should be turned through
360 degrees of circumference to obtain a uniform tem-
perature throughout the material of the bend.
After pipe has been bent, its final shape is maintained CEMENTING
by air or water-cooling. Rapid cooling forces PVC Cementing or solvent welding is a very rapid and ef-
pipe to spring back to a slight degree. Over bending fective method of connecting Vassallo pipe and fittings.
will compensate for this. Cut pipe ends square and smooth. If using a rotary
To avoid “kinks”, pipe should not be bent on a radius pipe cutter, be sure that the pipe ends are not slightly
of less than ten times its diameter. However, with flared as this flare will hinder insertion of the pipe
proper care and good workmanship, the following into the fitting.
minimum radios of bends can be satisfactorily pro-
duced. Clean the end of the pipe and the fitting socket with a
suitable solvent (acetone or tetrahydrofurane) to re-
RADIUS CURVATURE move oil and foreign material. Then, quickly apply a
Vassallo pipe can be curved as shown in the diagram. generous layer of solvent cement to both the inside
Bends and elbows will be eliminated, reducing costs of the socket and outside of the pipe.
and labor.
Engage pipe and fitting as quickly as possible and ro-
8” tate either pipe or fittings to dispel the air and distrib-
10” 800
1,000 6” ute the cement uniformly. The time interval between
600
the coating and the engagement is critical. On pipe
12”
1,200
4” sizes above 2”, it is recommended that two men work
200
together. That is, one coats the pipe and the other
Class 150 and Class 200 PVC Pipe coats the fitting with cement.
CUTTING This will reduce the time in which the cement is ex-
If it is necessary to cut the pipe, this may be readily posed to the air. To allow the initial set to take place,
accomplished with a rotary power saw, or simple hand be careful that there is no relative motion between
saw. It is desirable to obtain a square cut especially pipe and fitting for several minutes. The initial strength
when threaded joints are required. A mitre box should of the joint together with the fit of the pipe and fit-
be used when hand hacksaw is used for cutting. Mark tings will allow continuous installation of a pipe line.
large diameter pipe when cutting to obtain square cuts, For test purposes it is possible to apply about 10% of
and remove burrs from cut end. When it is necessary rated pressure to the pipe system in 4 hours or more
to chuck or clamp the pipe, some method should be before full test pressure is applied. Do not permit the
used to prevent nicks and scratches, such as wrapping can of cement to stand open for long periods of time.
pipe in canvas or emery paper. If the cement becomes lumpy or stringy, do not use.
Keep brushes or applicators soft by wrapping them in It is important to follow the recommendations con-
a solvent-soaked pad. Be sure to remove dried or cerning the thread length, for if the threaded portion
excess cement from brushes or applicators. is too long it is impossible to run the fitting far enough
to obtain seal.
THREADING
Schedule 80 PVC Pipe can be threaded by using stan- Joints can be effectively sealed with the standard thread
dard metal thread cutting tools, either machine or hand compounds, depending on the techique used. For ex-
operated. Dies should be clean and sharp and those treme chemical resistant applications, a thread com-
with 5 to 10 front rake angle give best results. With pound based on the tetrafluoethylene resins should
power tools, use negative front rake. The material is be used. This compound acts as a lubricant as well as
easily threaded without the use of external lubricants. a chemically resistant seal. The fitting should be started
Since polyvinyl chloride is somewhat notch sensitive carefully as possible by hand. Further tightening should
(i.e. predisposed to failure in the area of stress raisers, be done with the use of strap wrenches. Standard
as are most of the materials of construction), thread- pipe wrenches cannot be used since they deform and
ing is not recommended for SCH40 pipe where the scar the pipe.
thread grooves would be too deep for the relative
Note:
thin walls. When threaded joints are used in a system employing SCH 80 pipe, the
working pressure of that system should be reduced to 40% of the work-
ing pressure specified in this manual.
When the pipe is gripped in a vise or chucked for

UNDER GROUND INSTALLATION
threading, same type of protective wrap, such as can-
In applications where underground installation is re-
vas or emery paper, should be used in order to avoid
quired, care should be exercised so that pipes are not
scarring the pipe. Threading dies should be maintained
damaged during the laying operation. Ditches should
in good condition to produce sharp, clean threads.
be smooth and regular, so that localized bending
Since PVC is relatively flexible as compared to metal,
stresses are not imposed. The pipe should be laid
it is advisable to insert a tapered plug into the end of
below the frost line if the water is to be conveyed,
the pipe to hold it round as it is being threaded.
since the pipe may fail due to expansion of the water
if it freezes. In backfilling, a layer of loose material,
free form rocks, should be placed to at least a height
of 6” above the top of the pipe. This acts as a cushion
to prevent breakage during backfilling operations.
Portadilla Telecommuni-
cations and Electrical Ap-
plications:
Vassallo Power
and Communications
Duct offers:
•Highest quality control standards ELECTRICAL CONDUITS & FITTINGS
•Light weight
•Ultraviolet protection Industrias Vassallo, Inc. conduits are manufactured in
•Long lengths accordance to the following specifications:
•High impact strength & low deformation
NEMA TC-2, TC-6, TC-8, TC-13
properties UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES UL651
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
•Excellent chemical resistance (ASTM) F512
•Integral bell
•Solvent cemented joints Our line of extruded and injection molded electrical
•Superior dielectric strength ducts, fittings and full line of accessories include:
•Smooth inner wall
•Low coefficient of static • SCHEDULE 40 and SCHEDULE 80 conduit
and dynamic friction • Electrical Fittings & Accessories- molded
•Easy field cutting & fabricated
•Efficient packing • NEMA TC-6 & TC-8 EB/DB Conduits
• Elbows bends and sweeps
(standard and special radius)
• Electrical nonmetallic conduits & fittings
• Telephone conduit
• Solvent Cement
PIPE STIFFNESS
Per American Society for Testing and Ma-
terials (ASTM F-512)
Type Minimum Pipe

Stiffness (F/ Y)
Parameter F-512
EB-20 20
EB-35 35
EB-60 60
DB-100 100
DB-120 120
T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S A N D E L E C T R I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N S
Impact Resistance (32ºF) Ft-Lbf Pipe Stiffness Psi

Trade Conduit Type (all sizes)
Size DB60 DB100 DB120 DB 60 60
1" 10 DB 100 100
1 1/2" 10 15 DB 120 120
2" 20 25 25
3" 40 45 50 4" TEL DUCT 120
3 1/2" 50 60 65
4" 60 70 80
5" 85 100 110
6" 120 135 150 Thermal Properties ASTM Unit Value
Coefficient of Thermal D-696 per ºF 5.5
Expansion x 10-5
Coefficient of Thermal C-177 BTU/sec 0.11
Load for Crushing Test Conductivity /in2/ºF/in
Heat Distortion D-648 ºF 1.58
Trade EPC-40 EPC-80 Temperature @ 264 psi
Size PVC (lbf) PVC
1/2" 1000 2000

3/4" 1000 2000
1" 1000 2000
1 1/4" 1000 2000 Mechanical Properties ASTM Unit Value
1 1/2" 750 2000 Specific Gravity D-792 1.35
2" 700 2000
2 1/2" 1000 2000 Tensile Strength @ 73.4ºF D-638 psi 6000
3" 1000 2000 Izod Impact D-256 ft.lbs./in 15
3 1/2" 1000 2000 of notch
4" 1000 2000 Flexural Strength D-790 psi 11500
5" 900 2000
6" 850 2000 Comprehensive Strength D-695 psi 8600
Hardness (Durometer) D-2240 D 78
Property ASTM
Tensile Strength, psi D-638 Electrical Properties ASTM Unit Value
Modulus of Elasticity in tension, psi D-638 Dielectric Strength D-149 volts/mil 1215
Flexural Strength, psi D-790 Dielectric Constant D-150 60 CPS 3.55
@ 30ºC
Deflective Temp Under Load @265, psi D-648
Power Factor D-150 1000 CPS 4.71
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion in/in/ºF D-696 @ 30ºC
Flexible Conduit
& Connectors
Vassflex non-metallic flexible conduit pre- Vassflex Large diameters are being used by telephone
sents a product designed to accelerate companies for installation of fiber optical cables.
electrical and electronic communications Vassallo also produces rigid telephone duct to Puerto
for contractors’ installations. These con- Rico Telephone Co. and Bell Telephone specifications,
duits and connectors at markedly reduced as well as and conduit for underground use. Both are
labor costs over traditional Electric Me- compatible with Vassflex through appropriate fittings.
tallic Tubing (ETM) and other rigid conduit. The specially designed corrugation provides high
The totally flexible light weight, corrugated strength and bendability without the use of heat or
PVC tubing is supplied in 10 foot segments tools. The tubing is for all normal installations, includ-
or 100 and 5000 foot rolls in a wide vari- ing concrete, where normal strength is required. It is
ety of diameters. These can be laid in single also ideal for installations on, in, or under plaster.
lengths from junction boxes or between Vassflex is easily cemented to PVC fittings and via
terminal fittings. adapters to metallic junction boxes and terminals.
Vassallo Short
Form Specifications
For ASTM D 3034 SDR 35 & SDR 26
Sewer Pipe 4” thru 15”
TYPE OF PIPE CORROSION RESISTANCE
This specification covers Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes are highly resistant to hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric
(PVC) Gravity Sewer Pipe with Standard gas, and other chemicals commonly formed in sewage
Dimensional Ratio (SDR) 35 & 26, Heavy and surface water. It shall also be resistant to corro-
Wall Pipes, meeting the standard require- sive soils, as well as electrolytic and galvanic corro-
ments of ASTM D-3034. These pipes are sion. PVC pipes are also unaffected by a wide range of
intended to be used in non-pressure drain- chemical agents that will quickly attack metal prod-
age of sewage, surface water and similar liq- ucts.
uids and applications.The integral belled end
pipe can be manufacture with an elastomeric ABRASION RESISTANCE
gasket or solvent cement joint. Unlike many types of sewer pipes, these resilient pipes
shall withstand abrasion, scoring and gouging, charac-
MATERIAL teristics that make them superior pipes.
The pipes are manufactured of PVC com-
pound having a cell classsification of 12454 DIMENSIONS
as prescribed in ASTM D-1784. The elasto- Dimensions of pipes are as per latest revision of ASTM
meric seals (Gasket) comply with the low D-3034 & D-2122 for 4” to 15” diameters. All Vassallo
head standard specifications required by PVC pipes produced as per the above specifications
ASTM F-477. are in 13 ft. or 20ft. (green or white) laying lengths.
PIPE STIFFNESS JOINTS

Pipe’s stiffness (P=F/ y) at 5% deflection: Integral belled end pipes can be manufactured with an
SDR 35-PS 46psi & SDR 26-PS 115psi when elastomeric gasket or solvent cement joint. To facili-
tested in accordance with ASTM D 2412, tate the assembly of the gasket joints, each pipe bell
External Loading properties of Plastic Pipe has a lock-in gasket in place. Spigot ends shall have a
by Parallel-Plate Loading. bevel and smooth external surface so that they may
be readily mated with bell ends without cutting, dis-
IMPACT REQUIREMENTS placing or deforming (pinching) the gasket. The
Pipes shall yield and rebound under impact elastomeric bell joints meet ASTM D-3212 specifica-
in accordance with testing methods of tions. The solvent cement pipe bell joints should be
ASTM D-2444, using a 20 lb. (10kg) Tup B assembled using the appropriate PVC primer cement.
and flat-plate holder B. These procedures should be as recommended by the
manufacturer and in ASTM F-402, F-656 & D-2564,
using the best industry safety & practices.
S H O R T F O R M S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
INSTALLATION MARKING
Pipes shall be installed using the best industry prac- All pipes shall be identified with: manufacture’s name,
tice and the general installation requirements of the nominal size, ASTM standards & SDR designations,
design engineer and/or the standard specifications of pipe’s stiffness, PVC compound cell classification and
the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Handbook of PVC production date code and location.
Pipe - Design and Construction, and the State, County
and City standard requirements.
STORAGE & HANDLING

Pipes produced of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) material,
are very strong and lightweight, which makes them
very casily to handle. Consequently, there is a ten-
dency to throw them. Reasonable care should be taken
in the handling and storage of them to prevent
damange.
ASTM D 3034
ASTM D 3034 SDR 35 PS-46 Pipe 13ft. and 20ft. (Green and White) Socket Dimensions
for Bell End
Nominal Outside (in) Tolerance on Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Rieber Gasket Bell Dimensions Nominal Diameter, in
Pipe Size Diameter Averange Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. A B C D F G H
4” 4.215 ±0.009 0.120 3.975 0.71 4.278 4.228 5.173 3.630 4.335 4.320 4.230
6” 6.275 ±0.011 0.180 5.915 1.59 6.352 6.294 6.012 4.188 6.370 6.340 3.600
8” 8.400 ±0.012 0.240 7.920 2.83 8.486 8.424 6.889 4.704 8.480 8.460 3.900
10” 10.500 ±0.015 0.300 9.900 4.43 10.596 10.527 7.898 5.308 10.590 10.656 4.750
12" 12.500 ±0.01 80.360 11.780 6.32 12.607 12.534 8.657 5.825 12.600 12.590 5.500
15” 15.300 ±0.023 0.437 14.426 9.39 15.391 15.339 8.287 4.813 15.562 15.500 6.500
ASTM D 3034
ASTM D 3034 SDR 35 PS-46 Pipe 13ft. and 20ft. (Green and White) Socket Dimensions
for Bell End
Nominal Outside (in) Tolerance on Wall (in) Inside (in) Weight Rieber Gasket Bell Dimensions Nominal Diameter, in
Pipe Size Diameter Averange Thickness Diameter lb. per ft. A B C D F G H
4” 4.215 ±0.009 0.162 3.891 0.95 4.278 4.228 5.173 3.630 4.335 4.320 3.230
6” 6.275 ±0.011 0.241 5.793 2.10 6.352 6.294 6.012 4.188 6.370 6.340 3.600
8” 8.400 ±0.012 0.323 7.754 3.77 8.486 8.424 6.889 4.704 8.480 8.460 3.900
10” 10.500 ±0.015 0.404 9.692 5.90 10.596 10.527 7.898 5.308 10.590 10.656 4.750
12” 12.500 ±0.018 0.481 11.538 8.36 12.607 12.534 8.657 5.825 12.600 12.590 5.500
15” 15.300 ±0.023 0.588 14.124 12.51 15.391 15.339 8.287 4.813 15.562 15.500 6.500
Vassallo Short Form

Specifications
For ASTM F 679 T-1 (SDR 35) Sewer Pipe 18” thru 27”
TYPE OF PIPE CORROSION RESISTANCE
This specification covers Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes are highly resistant to hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric
(PVC) Gravity Sewer Pipes T-1 SDR 35 gas, and other chemicals commonly formed in sewage
meeting the requirements of ASTM and surface water. It shall also be resistant to corro-
F-679. The pipes are intended for use in sive soils, as well as electrolytic and galvanic corro-
non-pressure drainage of sewage, surface sion. PVC pipe are also unaffected by a wide range of
water and similar liquids and applications. chemical agents that will quickly attack metal prod-
The integral belled end pipe can be manu- ucts.
factured with an elastomeric gasket.
ABRASION RESISTANCE
MATERIAL Unlike many types of sewer pipes, this resilient pipes
The pipes are manufactured of PVC com- shall withstand abrasion, scoring and gouging, charac-
pound having a cell classification of 12454 teristics that make them superior pipes.
as prescribed in ASTM D 1784.The elasto-
meric seals (Gasket) comply with the low DIMENSIONS
head standard specifications required de- Dimensions of pipes are as per latest revisions of
scribed in ASTM F-477. ASTM F-679 & D-2122 for 18” to 27” diameter. All
Vassallo PVC pipes produced as per the above speci-
PIPE STIFFNESS fication are in 13 ft. or 20 ft. (green or white) laying
Pipes stiffness (P=F/ y) at 5% deflection: lenghts.
SDR 35-PS 46psi when tested in accordance
with ASTM D-2412, External Loading JOINTS
Properties of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Integral belled end pipes can be manufactured with an
Loading. elastomeric gasket. To facilitate the assembly of the
gasket joints, each pipe bell has a lock-in gasket in
IMPACT REQUIREMENTS place. Spigot ends shall have a bevel and smooth ex-
Pipes shall yield and rebound under impact ternal surface so that they may be readily mated with
in accordance with the testing method bell ends without cutting, displacing or deforming
ASTM D-2444, using a 20 lb. (10kg) Tup B (pinching) the gasket. The elastomeric bell joints meet
and flat-plate holder B. ASTM D-3212 specifications.
INSTALLATION MARKING
Pipes shall be installed using the best industry prac- All pipes shall be identified with: manufacture’s name,
tice and the general installation requirements of the nominal size, ASTM & SDR designations, pipe’s stiff-
design engineer and /or the standard specifications ness, PVC compound cell classification and produc-
requirements described in a ASTM D-2321 and the tion date code and location.
recommendations of the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Associa-
tion Handbook of PVC Pipe-Design and Construc-
tion, and the State, Country and City standard require-
ments.
STORAGE & HANDLING

Pipes produced of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) material,
are very strong and lightweight, wich make them very
easily to handle. Consequently, there is a tendency to
throw them. Reasonable care should be taken in the
handle and storage of them to prevent damage.
ASTM F 679 - T1 (SDR 35) PS-46 Pipe 13ft. and 20ft. (Green and White)
Nominal Outside (in) Waterway Inside Weight EPSMI Gasket Bell Dimensions
Pipe Size Diameter Wall (in) Diameter lb. per ft. A B C D
18" 18.701 0.536 17.629 18.608 18.880 18.860 8.000 4.750

21" 22.047 0.632 20.783 25.866 22.280 22.250 9.500 5.500
24” 24.803 0.711 23.381 32.737 25.100 25.070 11.000 6.250
27" 27.953 0.801 26.351 41.565 28.375 28.120 12.500 7.000
Vassallo Short Form Specifications for

ASTM F 1803 Large Diameter Sewer Pipe
Vasspiral Closed Profile Pipe 18” thru 48”
TYPE OF PIPE IMPACT REQUIREMENTS

This specification covers Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes shall yield and rebound under impact in accor-
(PVC) Vasspiral closed profile gravity sewer dance with the testing method ASTM D-2444, using
and stormdrain pipes meeting the standard a 20 lb. (10kg) Tup B and flat-plate holder B.
requirements of ASTM F-1803. The pipes
are intended for use in non-pressure drain- CORROSION RESISTANCE
age of sewage, surface water and similar liq- Pipes are highly resistant to hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric
uids and applications.The integral belled end gas, and other chemicals commonly formed in sewage
pipe are manufactured with an elastomeric and surface water. It shall also be resistant to corro-
gasket. sive soils, as well as electrolytic and galvanic corro-
sion. PVC pipes are also unaffected by a wide range of
MATERIAL chemical agents that will quickly attack metal prod-
The pipes are manufactured of PVC com- ucts.
pound having a cell classification of 12454
as prescribed in ASTM D-1784. The ABRASION RESISTANCE
electrometric seal (Gasket) comply with the Unlike many types of sewer pipes, these resilient pipes
low head standard specifications required shall withstand abrasion, scoring and gouging charac-
described in ASTM F-477. teristics that make them superior pipes.
PIPE STIFFNESS DIMENSIONS

Pipe´s stiffness (P=F/ y) at 5% deflection: Dimensions of pipes are as per latest revisions of
PS 46psi when tested in accordance with ASTM F-1803 & D-2122 for 18” to 48” diameter. All
ASTM D-2412, External Loading Properties Vassallo PVC pipes produced as per the above speci-
of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading. fications are in 20 ft. (white) laying lengths.
AIR TEST
Pipea are tested for air tightness at 3.5psig according
to industry standards with a minimum dwell period
ranging from 2:10 min. for 18” to 5:40 min. for 48”.
SEAM TENSION TEST

Tensile specimens are cut longitudinal from the pipe.
The fused seam must have a minimum adhesion
strength of 21.75psi.
JOINTS STORAGE & HANDLING

Vasspiral integral belled end pipes are manufactured Pipes produced of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) material,
with an elastomeric gasket. To facilitate the assembly are very strong and lightweight, which makes them
of the gasket joints, each pipe bell has a lock-in gasket very easy to handle. Consequently, there is a tendency
in place. Spigot ends shall have a bevel and smooth to throw them. Reasonable care should be taken in
external surface so that they may be readily mated the handling and storage of them to prevent damage.
with bell ends without cutting, displacing or deform-
ing (pinching) the gasket. The elastomeric bell joints MARKING
meet ASTM D-3212 specifications. All pipes shall be identified with: manufacture name,
nominal size, ASTM standards, pipe’s stiffness, PVC
INSTALLATION compound cell classification and production date code
Pipes shall be installed using the best industry prac- and location.
tice and the general installation requirements of the
design engineer and /or the standard specifications
described in ASTM D-2321 and the recommenda-
tions of the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Handbook
of PVC Pipe-Design and Construction, and the State,
Country and City standard requirements.
ASTM F 1803 Sewer Closed Profile Pipe

Nominal Inside (in) Series Waterway Weight EPSMI Gasket Bell Dimensions
Pipe Size Diameter PS Wall (in) lb. per ft. A B C D
18” 17.595 46 0.070 11.00 19.150 18.880 9.000 5.000
24” 23.430 46 0.100 21.000 25.214 25.154 11.000 6.250
30” 29.410 46 0.125 38.000 31.683 31.568 12.500 7.500
36” 35.395 46 0.150 44.000 37.969 37.899 13.000 8.000
42” 41.375 46 0.180 64.000 44.407 44.337 14.000 8.500
48” 47.36 46 0.210 80.000 50.722 50.722 14.500 9.000
Limited Warranty
Policy
INITIAL WARRANTY STATEMENT PURCHASER RESPONSABILITIES AND
CLAIMS PROCESSING
1. Vasallo , Inc. (“Vassallo”) extends this 3. The Purchaser must carefully inspect each Vassallo
LIMITED WARRANTY to original product and laboratory test the product to ensure
purchasers of Vassallo product. This that it performs satisfactorily for its intended use.
LIMITED WARRANTY is extended Every claim under this Limited Warranty shall be
only to such original Purchasers; it may deemed waived unless written notice of defect or
not be passed along to any subsequent nonconformity of the product is made in writing
purchaser or asignee. THIS LIMITED and received by Vassallo within 30 days of the date
WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVELY of defect or nonconformity was or should have been
AND EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL discovered and within six months of the date the
OTHER WARRANTIES (EXCEPT product is shipped. Purchaser must return and
TITLE), WHETHER EXPRESS OR Vassallo must receive the defective or nonconform-
IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IM- ing product.
PLIED WARRANTY OF MER-
CHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 4. Within a reasonable time after Vassallo receives the
FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. returned product, Vassallo shall determine if such
VASSALLO SHALL UNDER NO defect or nonconformity actually exists and shall
CIRCUMSTANCE BE LIABLE FOR notify the Purchaser of its determination. Within a
ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSE- reasonable time thereafter,Vassallo shall replace th
QUENCIAL DAMAGES (Some defective or nonconforming product with
states do not allow the exclusion or limi- nondefective product of like quantity, or at its op-
tation of incidental or consequential tion, issue credit for such defective product or non-
damages, so the above limitation may not conforming product.
apply to you).This Limited Warranty shall
be effective for all Vassallo product EXCLUSIVITY
shipped on or after May 15, 1987. 5. Unless prohibited or restricted by law, this Limited
Warranty Policy shall be the sole and exclusive rem-
SCOPE OF WARRANTY edy of the Purchaser with respect to Vassallo prod-
2. Vassallo warrants that its product will be ucts. Vassallo’s sole liability on any claim arising out
free from defects in materials and work- of the sale of the product or Vassallo’s replacement
manship and that the product will be of the defective product, whether in contract, war-
manufactured in accordance with the ranty, tort, or otherwise shall be limited to the pur-
applicable material specifications using chase price of the goods that prove defective or
Vassallo’s specifications as a standard. nonconforming. In no event shall Vassallo be liable,
Vassallo will replace or at its option, is- and the Purchaser sall hold Vassallo harmless from,
sue credit for Vassallo product found by any damages, direct, indirect, or consequential,
Vassallo to be defective or not in con- whether resulting from Vassallo’s negligence or oth-
formity with such material specifications. erwise, arising out of it, in connection with, or re-
sulting from the goods sold to the Purchaser, and
any and all claims, actions, suits, and proceedings
which may be instituted in respect to the foregoing,
including those made by subsequent owners and
users of th goods. In no event shall Vassallo be liable
for any alleged negligence, breach of warrancy, strict
liability, incidental or consequential damages, or any
other theory, other than the Limited Warranty set
forth herein.
6.This Limited Warranty gives you specific legal rights

and you may also have other rights which vary from
state to state.

Vassallo PVC Catalog

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V A S S A L L O ’S PV C P R O D U C T S V A S S A L L O I N D U S T R I E S, I N C .

PVC & CPVC Characteristics & Advantages ...................................................... 4

General Information .............................................................................................. 6

Water, Sewer, Stormdrain & Sanitary Applications

I. Pressure Pipes and Fittings

II. Gravity Pipe and Fittings

III. Fabrication Department .................................................................................................... 49

IV. Installation ............................................................................................................................ 50

Telecommunication and Electrical Applications:

I. Solid and Flexible Conduit

Short Form Specifications Sheet ....................................................................... 64

Limited Warranty ................................................................................................ 70

PVC and CPVC

ROOT INTRUSION FITTINGS

JOINT TIGHTNESS TEST

Standards Advantages for the Pipe Installer:

Field Advantages: Our gaskets arrive already in-

Our pipe gasketed systems are manufactured to meet

Properties for PVC Mechanical Properties

Rigid PVC should not be in temperatures exceeding

• When the flow rate is changed in a time greater

9. Will the pump be started with the discharge gate IDi

Maximun surge pressure (PSI) resulting from 1 fps flow velocity

where: 1/3 x 60 x 215

When expansion cannot be assumed by regular di-

The latter are particularly desirable for large diam- Where:

DIMENSION RATIO (SDR) AND SCHED- 700

Water velocity in feet per second

ent working pressures. By slight movements of the 3

Head loss in PSI per 100 ft. of pipe

parisons of the relative flow properties of all Vassallo 1.5

PVC pipes can be made. 1.0

Fitting Size Equivalent Feet Fitting Fitting

Average inside diameters of Vassallo PVC Pipes

Average inside diameters by pipe schedule and SDR number

1/2 - - - .622 .546

SUCTION LINES AND COLLAPSE LOADING SERVICE:

Collapse rates at 73 ºF (PSI)

1/2 1385 2345

1/2” 0.840 0.157 0.526 0.205 850 0.848 0.836 1.000

ASTM D-1785 IPS 20 Ft Bell End (White)

ASTM D 2241 IPS 20FT. End (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

Class 200 DR 21 200 psi Pressure Ratuing @ 73 ºF

Class 160 DR 26 150 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

Class 125 DR 32.5 100 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

AWWA C900 CIPS 20ft. (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

4” 4.800 0.364 4.073 3.082 4.841 4.817 5.740 3.972

DR 18 150 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

4” 4.800 0.283 4.234 2.443 4.841 4.817 5.740 3.972

DR 25 100 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

AWWA C905 CIPS 20ft. (White, Blue, Green or Purple)

DR 18 235 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

DR 25 165 psi Pressure Rating @ 73 ºF

*Currently Available. Call for availability of all other sizes.

Deflection D-648 158°F

Chemical Resistance D-543 Class B

(1) ft. lb. / in. notch

WA TE R -S E WE R -ST OR M DRA I NS -SA N IT A RY P R E S S U R E A P P L I C A T I O N

CPVC Pipes and Fittings

Nominal Average Tolerance on Average Wall Tolerance

1/2” 0.625 ±0.003 0.489 0.068 ±0.020

Table II Table III

HOW TO ALLOW FOR THERMAL