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Relationship between Agricultural Activities and Hodgkin's Disease

Article · April 2018

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Yoshe Gassarine Ainun Nisaa Yudha Nurdian

Universitas Jember Universitas Jember
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 Relationship between Agricultural Activities and Hodgkin’s Disease

1
Yoshe Gassarine Ainun Nisaa and 2Yudha Nurdian
1
Student, Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Indonesia
Corresponding author: Yoshe Gassarine Ainun Nisaa, yoshegasrine@gmail.com; 152010101069@students.unej.ac.id

Abstract
Background
Agriculture provides food, fiber, construction materials, biomass, and “green energy”. When
humans began to rely on agriculture for their subsistence, civilizations flourished while
humans spread all over the globe, transforming ecosystems to provide for their ever-
increasing needs. The rapid growth has led to many social and environmental problems. As a
result, there has been a parallel increase in public health problems. In the twentieth century
agricultural productivity experienced an incredible leap forward: fossil fuels became
available as a cheap and (deemed) unlimited energy source, allowing the industrial
production of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the mechanization of agriculture.
Exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides such as organophosphates and carbomates is
considered a major health problem for farm workers in the Western countries especially in
the United States. Longterm exposure has been implicated in several types of cancer,
teratogenic effects, sterility, spontaneous abortion and cognitive deficits. one of the few
possible cancers is Hodgkin’s disease. Hodgkin's disease is a malignancy of the immune
system. It is believed that much of the immune dysfunction is explicable by lymphocyte
hyperactivity induced by chronic antigenic stimulation. Various occupational and
environmental exposures have been discussed in relation to Hodgkin's disease. Attention has
focused on farmers because they experience several of these exposures, including exposure to
zoonosis, pesticides, and other chemicals such as fertilizers and solvents, and particularly
those using pesticides, including several pesticide classes, such as organophosphate
insecticides in nonsmokers, organochlorine insecticides, and phenoxy and triazine herbicides,
have been identified to be at an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms.
Conclusion
The increase in population requires adequate food sufficiency, this is parallel to the increase
of the agro-industry sector. The rapid growth has led to many social and environmental
problems. In conclution, farming is associated with HCL risk, and large studies are warranted
to elucidate if pesticide exposures or other factors are involved in the relationship.
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