Faculty of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department

Fourth Year
Process Control and dynamics

H.W (3)

Group (7)

Index Name Grade

17th of January 2017

Laplace Transformation
Q.14:
(b).
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 4 − 𝑡 3 𝑒 −𝑚𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 . 𝑈𝑠 (𝑡 − 5)
𝐹(𝑠) = ℒ[𝑡 4 − 𝑡 3 𝑒 −𝑚𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 . 𝑈𝑠 (𝑡 − 5)]
 𝐹(𝑠) = ℒ[𝑡 4 ] − ℒ[𝑡 3 𝑒 −𝑚𝑡 ] + 3ℒ[𝑡 2 . 𝑈𝑠 (𝑡 − 5)]
4! 3!
𝐹(𝑠) = 5
− 4
+ 3𝑒 −5𝑠 ℒ[𝑡 + 5]2
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝑚)
24 6
𝐹(𝑠) = − + 3𝑒 −5𝑠 ℒ[𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 + 25]
𝑠 5 (𝑠 + 𝑚)4
24 6 −5𝑠
2! 10 25
(𝑠) = − + 3𝑒 [ + + ]
𝑠 5 (𝑠 + 𝑚)4 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠
24 6 6𝑒 −5𝑠 30𝑒 −5𝑠 75𝑒 −5𝑠
𝐹(𝑠) = 5 − + 3 + +
𝑠 (𝑠 + 𝑚)4 𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠
(c).
1
i. 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +𝑠+4.25
1 1
𝐹(𝑠) = ∗
4.25 ( 1 ) 𝑠 2 + ( 1 ) 𝑠 + 1
4.25 4.25
1
∵ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑇 2 𝑠 2 + 2𝜁𝑇𝑠 + 1
1 −𝑐𝑡
ℒ −1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑒 sin 𝐵𝑡
𝐴𝑇
𝐴 = √1 − 𝜁 2

√1 − 𝜁 2
𝐵=
𝑇
𝜁
𝐶=
𝑇
𝐵𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤:
1
𝑇2 =
4.25

1 2√17
𝑇=√ =
4.25 17
 1 1 √17
𝜁= = =
2𝑇(4.25) 2√17 17
2∗ ∗ 4.25
17
2
√17 17 4√17
𝐴 = √1 − 𝜁 2 = √1 − ( ) = √1 − =
17 289 17

2
√1 − (√17)
√1 − 𝜁 2 17
𝐵= = =2
𝑇 2√17
17
√17
𝜁 1
𝐶 = = 17 =
𝑇 2√17 2
17
17 −0.5𝑡
∴ 𝑓(𝑡) = ℒ[𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝑒 sin 2𝑡
8

2𝑠+1
ii. 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +𝑠+1
𝑇1 𝑠 + 1
∵ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑇 2 𝑠 2 + 2𝜁𝑇𝑠 + 1

−1
1 𝑇1 2 −𝐶𝑡
ℒ [𝐹(𝑠)] = [1 − 2𝑇1 𝐶 + ( ) ] 𝑒 sin(𝐵𝑡 + 𝜙)
𝐴𝑇 𝑇

𝐴 = √1 − 𝜁 2

√1 − 𝜁 2
𝐵=
𝑇
𝜁
𝐶=
𝑇
𝑇1 𝐵
𝜙 = tan−1 ( )
1 − 𝐶𝑇1
𝐵𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤:
 𝑇=1
𝑇1 = 2
1 1
𝜁= =
2𝑇 2

1 2 √3
√
𝐴= 1−( ) =
2 2

2
√1 − (1)
2 √3
𝐵= =
1 2
1
1
𝐶=2=
1 2
√3
2∗
𝜙 = tan−1 ( 2 ) = 900 = 𝜋
1 2
1−2∗
2

−1
1 1 2 2 −1𝑡 √3 𝜋
𝑓(𝑡) = ℒ 𝐹(𝑠) = [1 − 2 ∗ 2 ∗ + ( ) ] 𝑒 2 sin ( ∗ 𝑡 + )
√3 2 1 2 2
2 ∗1
√3 𝜋
𝑓(𝑡) = 2√3𝑒 −0.5𝑡 sin ( 𝑡 + )
2 2

Block Diagram
Q.31:
 Original Diagram

The Rearranged System (to Avoid Interlinking Loops)

 The Reduced System

The Final Reduced System

Π𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝐺(𝑠) =
1 ± ∑ Π𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝,𝑖
𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3
𝐺(𝑠) =
𝐻1
1 + 𝐺2 𝐻1 + 𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐻2 + 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3 ( + 1)
𝐺3
𝑥̂(𝑡) = 2.5𝑒 −𝑡 ∗ cos 7.5𝑡 − 1.7𝑡 3 + 5.5(𝑡 − 1.5)5
𝑋(𝑠) = ℒ[𝑥̂(𝑡)] = ℒ[2.5𝑒 −𝑡 ∗ cos 7.5𝑡 − 1.7𝑡 3 + 5.5(𝑡 − 1.5)5 ]
 𝑋(𝑠) = 2.5ℒ[𝑒 −𝑡 ∗ cos 7.5𝑡] − 1.7ℒ[𝑡]
+ 5.5ℒ[𝑡 5 − 7.5𝑡 4 + 22.5𝑡 3 − 33.75𝑡 2 + 25.3125𝑡
− 7.59375]
𝑠+1 3!
𝑋(𝑠) = 2.5 ( ) − 1.7 ( )
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 7.52 𝑠4
5! 7.5 ∗ 4! 22.5 ∗ 3! 33.75 ∗ 2! 25.3125
+ 5.5 ( 6 − + − +
𝑠 𝑠5 𝑠4 𝑠3 𝑠2
7.59375
− )
𝑠
2.5(𝑠 + 1) 10.2 660 990 742.5 371.25
𝑋(𝑠) = − + 6 − 5 + 4 −
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 56.25 𝑠4 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠3
139.21875 41.76535
+ −
𝑠2 𝑠
2.5(𝑠 + 1) 660 990 732.3 371.25 139.21875
∴ 𝑋(𝑠) = + − 5 + 4 − +
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 56.25 𝑠6 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠3 𝑠2
41.76535
−
𝑠
(𝑠) = 𝑋(𝑠)𝐺(𝑠)

𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3 2.5(𝑠 + 1)
∴ 𝑌(𝑠) = ( )(
𝐻 2
1 + 𝐺2 𝐻1 + 𝐺2 𝐺3 𝐻2 + 𝐺1 𝐺2 𝐺3 ( 1 + 1) (𝑠 + 1) + 56.25
𝐺3
660 990 732.3 371.25 139.21875 41.76535
+ 6 − 5 + 4 − + − )
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠