GEN BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT 1

I) PLANT CLASSIFICATION
PLANT
TYPES SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
It lacks vascular tissues that transports water and
nutrients in the plant Hornworts
NON
They do not produce flower, fruits, seeds Moss
VASCULAR
They have leaf-like, stem-like, root-like that Liverworts
functions parallel to leaves, stems, roots.
It obtains vascular vessels or tissues for
transportation of food and water throughout the
Celery
plant
VASCULAR Fern
Inside this plant is the phloem, a vessel
responsible for the transport of food
Horsetails
While xylem is a vessel responsible for the
transport of water
The seeds are naked or exposed Pine Tree
GYMNOSPER
They are not enclosed within fruits Ginkgo
MS
They do not produce fruits but they can form cones Cycad
They are flowering plants, they have capability of
producing a flower and make seeds enclosed in
fruits. Magnolia Trees
ANGIOSPER
They also have ovules that is enclosed in ovary. Roses
MS
Also have small pollen grains responsible for Tulips
spreading genetic information from a flower to
another.

II) EXTERNAL FEATURES OF A LEAF

 PART FUNCTIONS ADAPTATIONS
Primary function is
photosynthesis, it
Lamina Thin Broad
contains xylem and
phloem
The veins on a leaf are
Xylem which function is
Veins containing xylem
to transport water and
Vein and phloem situated
The Phloem function is to
close to mesophyll cells
transport nutrients or
food
A stalk giving support to
a leaf in a plant and
attaches it to the stem. It
serves to transport the
Petiole Leaf Stalk
water and nutrients
absorbed by the roots
and go through the
xylem up to the leaf

III) INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF A LEAF

 PARTS DESCRIBE THE CELL FUNCTIONS
Made up of a single layer Covered with waxy and
of closely packed cells. It waterproof cuticle that
Upper Epidermis is covered on the outside main responsibility is to
by a waxy and reduce water loss from
transparent cuticle the leaf
It can be seen between
the upper and lower
To facilitate in the
epidermis. Where
photosynthesis. Because
photosynthesis
Mesophyll this is the site where
happens/site. It is build
photosynthesis occurs
up of two types of tissues
palisade and spongy
mesophyll
Consists of one or two
The chloroplasts it
layers of closely packed,
contains carry on most of
a) Palisade long and cylindrical cells.
the photosynthesis in the
These cells contain
leaf
numerous chloroplasts.
These cells are irregular
in shape. They are Temporary storage of
numerous large sugars and amino acids
b) Spongy
intercellular air spaces synthesized in the
among cells. Covered palisade layer
with thin film of moisture.
This can be find under The guard cells regulate
the mesophyll. Consists the opening and closing
of a single layer of closely of the stomata. They
Lower Epidermis packed cells covered by control the exchange of
an outer layer of cuticle gases between the leaf
that reduces water loss and the surrounding
through epidermal cells. atmosphere