The electronic calculators of the mid-1960s were large and heavy desktop machines

due to their use of hundreds of transistors on several circuit boards with a large
power consumption that required an AC power supply. There were great efforts to put
the logic required for a calculator into fewer and fewer integrated circuits
(chips) and calculator electronics was one of the leading edges of semiconductor
development. U.S. semiconductor manufacturers led the world in large scale
integration (LSI) semiconductor development, squeezing more and more functions into
individual integrated circuits. This led to alliances between Japanese calculator
manufacturers and U.S. semiconductor companies: Canon Inc. with Texas Instruments,
Hayakawa Electric (later renamed Sharp Corporation) with North-American Rockwell
Microelectronics (later renamed Rockwell International), Busicom with Mostek and
Intel, and General Instrument with Sanyo.

Pocket calculators