Empirical Analysis of Balance of Payment

4.1 Export Scenerio Of Bangladesh

Export and Import are the major items of Current account. In the following graph we tried to
show the last ten years export Amont of Bangladesh.

Export (in million)

34257
40000
31209

27450
30187

22836
35000
27027
24302
22928

30000

25000
16205
15565

20000
Export (in million)
15000
Linear (Export (in million))
10000

5000

0
2012-13
2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

Source: Tradingeconomies.com

And here the export amount shows in million (USD). In 2006-07 fiscal years the export was
almost 10,000 million USD which was raised by 3 times and it was more than $30000 million. In
between 2006 and 2016 the raise was linear. In 2009-10 it was unchanged and the amount was
almost $15000 million. In 2010-11 it then raised to almost $ 23,000 million. After that the raise
was sharply linear. In 2015-16 export was highest in this 10 years span.

Bangladesh's export earnings have seen a 6.33% rise to $ 27.45 billion in the first nine months of
the current fiscal year. According to Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) data, in July-March of the
current fiscal year, Bangladesh earned $27.45 billion, up by 6.33%, compared to $25.81 billion
for the same period a year ago.

4.1.1. Major Export Items in Bangladesh

The following export product groups represent the highest dollar value in Bangladeshi global
shipments during 2017. Also shown is the %age share each export category represents in terms
of overall exports from Bangladesh.

0.80%
Major Export Items
0.70%
1.60% Knit or crochet clothing,
2.40% 0.40% 0.20%
1.80% accessories
2.60% Clothing, accessories (not
knit or crochet)
44.20% Miscellaneous textiles,
worn clothing
41.90% Footwear

Paper yarn, woven fabric

Fish

Source: Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry

Bangladesh’s most valuable export products are unknotted and non-crocheted men’s suits and
trousers followed by knitted or crocheted t-shirts and vests, knitted or crocheted jerseys and
pullovers then unknotted and non-crocheted women’s clothing.

1. Knit or crochet clothing, accessories: US$17.5 billion (44.2% of total exports)

2. Clothing, accessories (not knit or crochet): $16.6 billion (41.9%)
3. Miscellaneous textiles, worn clothing: $1 billion (2.6%)
4. Footwear: $930.4 million (2.4%)
5. Paper yarn, woven fabric: $725.7 million (1.8%)
6. Fish: $626.9 million (1.6%)
7. Headgear: $296.9 million (0.8%)
 8. Leather/animal gut articles: $272.0 million (0.7%)
9. Raw hides, skins not furskins, leather: $143.7 million (0.4%)
10. Plastics, plastic articles: $91.9 million (0.2%)

Bangladesh’s top 10 exports are highly concentrated accounting for 96.5% of the overall value of
its global shipments. Plastics and plastic articles were the fastest-growing among the top 10
export categories from 2016 to 2017, up by 8.6% from 2016 to 2017. In second place for
improving export sales were leather/animal gut articles which were appreciated 6.8%.
Miscellaneous textiles and worn clothing posted the third-fastest gain in value up by 6%, trailed
by headgear up by 5.9%. Leading the declining product categories among the top 10 Bangladeshi
exports was raw hides. Skins other than furskins, and leather. That category shrank -33.1% year
over year.

The shipment of garments, which account for more than 80 % of the national export, grew
because of the increased sales of high-value items and the depreciation of the local currency
against the US dollar, according to exporters. The earning from garment export even crossed the
11 months’ target at 3.24% to $27.24 billion. The export growth in the apparel sector in June
might be a little less, but it will grow more from July onwards as the manufacturers have a
handful of work orders. In recent months, garment export to the US is declining as China, India
and Vietnam are performing well to the US markets. Although the export is growing, the prices
and demand for the garment items are declining worldwide. The country's garment factories are
full of orders from international retailers and brands, thanks to the massive progress in workplace
safety carried out by the Accord, the Alliance and the government.

The exporters also benefitted from the depreciated exchange value of the taka. On Monday, the
interbank exchange rate was Tk 83.70 per US dollar, up from Tk 80.50 a year earlier, according
to central bank data.

Shipment of agricultural products such as fruits and spices was up by 18.09% to $609.01 million.
Cement, salt and stone fetched $11.88 million, up by 24.01%, and pharmaceuticals brought home
$95.98 million, an increase of 15.89%.
Cotton, cotton products, and yarn exports went up by 15.86 % to $117.15 million in the July-
May period. Jute and jute goods also fared well as the demand for the goods made in Bangladesh
from the natural fiber is rising. In July-May, jute and jute goods fetched $966.90 million, up by
6.99 %. Jute and jute goods may fetch more than $1billion at the end of the current fiscal year
after three years. If it happens, only three sectors among 725 kinds of export goods from the
country -- apparel, leather and leather goods, and jute and jute goods -- will be earning more than
one billion dollars. Home textile export rose by 11.67 % to $823 million, footwear by 2.55% to
$225.77 million, furniture by 21.33 % to $58.19 million, bicycle at 4.47 % to $81.34 million and
ceramic products at 10.92 % to $40.52 million. On the other hand, exports of plastic goods fell
by 17.82 % to $90.04 million in July-May. Leather and leather goods sector, the second largest
export earner after garments, fetched $999.07 million in the 11-month period, down by 11.08 %.

The shipment of leather and leather goods was hit largely by the relocation of tanneries from
Hazaribagh to Savar as production was hampered. All the 155 tanneries have been relocated, but
only 25 of them have so far been able to start production in their new location, industry people
said. Frozen and live fish exports fell by 1.59 % to $465.32 million. Overall, exports rose by 6.66
% year-on-year to $33.72 billion in the July-May period. The earnings narrowly missed the
periodic target of $33.87 billion, according to the data.