Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

Questão 01 - (USP Escola Politécnica/2014)

1 2 3
The facility location problem has been around for a long time. In general, it concerns the geographical
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positioning of facilities for a specific organizational entity, such as a company. As such, it is a strategic decision
5 6
related to the configuration of the manufacturing network. As competition becomes global and the complexity
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of the environment in which companies operate is increasing, managing an integrated international network
9 10
has become an increasingly important task for managers. Traditionally, the objective has been to derive a
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cost-optimal distribution of facilities with respect to the location of markets (customers) and raw materials
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(suppliers). More recently, access to skills and knowledge has been added as a major strategic factor that
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affects location decisions. Manufacturing companies that have more than one plant can gain insights on
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markets, products, and processes by managing a group of plants as a manufacturing network. In practice,
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this can lead to a complete reconfiguration of the manufacturing network. In other cases, the changes to the
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manufacturing network may be more incremental such as opening up of a new facility or closing down an
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existing one. There may be different strategic reasons for the location decisions for different manufacturing
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facilities, such as access to low-cost manufacturing, proximity to market, and access to skills and knowledge.
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Thus, deciding on the “optimal” set and location of manufacturing facilities is becoming increasingly difficult.
Chen, L.; Olhager, J.; Tang, O. Manufacturing facility location
and sustainability: A literature review and research agenda.
International Journal of Production Economics (2013),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.05.013. Adaptado.

O pronome “it” (Ref.. 4), conforme utilizado no texto, refere-se a

a) “manufacturing network” (Ref.. 5).

b) “organizational entity” (Ref. 3).
c) “facility location” (Ref. 1).
d) “strategic decision” (Ref. 4).
e) “cost-optimal distribution” (Ref. 10).

TEXTO: 2 - Comum à questão: 2

Meltdown: the Alps under pressure (Excerpt 1)

Around mid-June the Pitztal Glacier in Austria goes on summer vacation. That is to say, it begins to melt, racing
down Tyrolean mountainsides in frigid streams that eventually lose themselves, like Europeans in August, at a
beach somewhere. But if you are the owner of a ski resort on a glacier, four months of melting is a major cause for
concern. So one day the owners of the Pitztal Glacier ski resort decided to try something radical. They ordered a
supply of what are basically huge white blankets and spread them across 15 acres of the glacier to keep it cold
through the summer. It seems to be working: The melting has slowed. So now ski areas in Germany and
Switzerland are also wrapping at least part of their glaciers. The glaciers may not feel better, but the resort owners
certainly do.
One July morning I went up the Stubai Glacier with glaciologist Andrea Fischer and her team of students from the
University of Innsbruck. They were there to give the glacier its weekly checkup, measuring how much it had
melted under the various types of protective fabric – large squares of wool, hemp, plastic, and combinations of
these that lay in rows across the slushy ice.
One experimental square, made of plastic, had dropped almost a foot in a week. “It’s quite normal that glaciers
are gaining or losing mass,” Fischer said. What’s not normal, say climatologists, is how fast it’s happening today.
Fischer and her students made note of which material had slowed the melting most effectively. Various materials,
including a new white fleece, had slowed the melting to an impressive two inches.
You can’t wrap a whole mountain range in a blanket. But with so much riding on Alpine ice and snow – skiing,
tourism, service industries, and the livelihoods of probably millions of workers – it’s easy to see why some people
might want to. Yet it will take more than blankets to shield the Alps from the environmental and human pressures
facing them today.
(By Erla Zwingle, National Geographic, February 2006.)

Questão 02 - (UNESP SP/2007) Indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado de:
You can’t wrap a whole mountain range in a blanket.
a) A whole mountain range can’t be wrapped in a blanket.
b) A whole mountain range couldn’t be wrapped in a blanket.b
c) In a blanket, a whole mountain range isn’t wrapped.
d) You can’t be wrapped by a whole mountain range.
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e) You and a whole mountain range can’t be wrapped.

Questão 03 - (UFPEL RS/2007)

Written by Alvaro Antunes

It's widely known that Brazilians are the largest community in Orkut, Google's invitation-only social network. In
fact, the number of Brazilian Orkut members is even larger than recorded, as many choose to register as if he or
she was from a small country, like the British Virgin Islands, Nauru or so.
But why does this happen? Is this because Brazilians are naturally warmer and friendlier than other people? Do
Brazilians really have more friends than anyone else?
Sadly, it seems that this is not the case. Take, for instance, how people join Orkut: in America, invitations to join
are even auctioned off on eBay.
In Brazil, someone who tried this as a source of income would probably starve to death, as I know people who
have simply posted on a newsgroup or mailing list something like "Whoever wants to join Orkut, just e-mail me." I
myself joined Orkut through one such invitation.
And I didn't even know the guy!
I believe that some people do that because of some kind of "most toys syndrome," that is, a desire to be able to
boast that he or she has a great number of Orkut friends.
On the other hand, other people accept friend requests simply because they are asked (even by strangers), which
takes us to the next point: at least for Brazilians, ?
Once again, the sad answer seems to be no. For instance, I joined some cat lovers groups. A couple of days later,
I was added to the friends list of a cat! And no, this was not a person using a cat as an alter ego, but rather
someone's pet! If its owners invited me to their friends list, I would understand. But why should I be friends with
only their cat?
Worse yet, I checked the cat's friends, and they were almost all pets too (including many dogs, by the way). There
were also many fake celebrities and even completely fictional soap opera characters who are Orkut members and
have many friends.
OK, I suppose that this may happen regardless of country, as a kind of joke, but the fact is that, even browsing
several communities in English, I never found any pet, fake celebrity or character that wasn't registered by a
Brazilian (and a profile written in Portuguese is a clear indication).
On the other hand, even disregarding "unreal" Orkut friends, becoming friends with real people you don't actually
know is very easy on Orkut, at least for Brazilians_____________________?
I decided to check this for real, randomly adding to my friends list people who I found on the friend finder page,
communities I'm not a member of, and so on. A considerable percentage of those accepted me as a friend, even if
they had absolutely no idea about who I am or how I found them! To stir things up, I decided to join, for a while,
some communities that might suggest I am someone with strange tastes and views. And this had almost no effect
on complete strangers accepting me as a friend.
So what does this mean? That for many, perhaps most, Brazilians, an 'Orkut friend' is not what he or she would
call a friend in the real world.
I don't know to what extent this is also true for members from other countries, but it surely helps inflate the number
of Brazilian Orkut members. So, if you take your Orkut friends list seriously, you ___________ think twice before
accepting a stranger as a friend, as he or she __________ be.
http://www.brazzil.com/content/view/9322/79

Os comentários abaixo refletem opiniões dadas por internautas acerca do artigo “Brazilians, the world's
friendliest people. Or are they?”

Comentário I
Writen by Guest,205-07-0201:36:43

Brazilians have ruined Orkut

The number of people who are not from Brazil are leaving Orkut at a very fast pace.

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One of the biggest problems is the tremendous amount of Brazilians going to international communities where
English is the official language and posting everywhere in Portuguese, causing people from outside Brazil to leave
these communities.
Brazilians taking over country communities, strangely enough 81% of the posts in the Sweden community are in
Portuguese, 90% of the posts in the Italian community are in Portuguese, 95% of the posts in the Argentina
community are in Portuguese, Brazilians harassing people of certain nationalities, huge numbers of anti-
argentinean communities, anti-american, anti-french, anti-japanese, anti-black, created by brazilians.
It is easy for non-brazilians to get a very bad image of Brazilians in Orkut, they are like roaches there, and many of
them aren't very well behaved.

Comentário II

WRITTEN BY Guest, 2005-07-02 16:42:21

This is a very good article. Your observations are all correct. But I'd like to register that Brazilians are too diverse
to be generalized. There are Brazilian communities dedicated to people who don't agree with this nonsense of
adding people who you haven't the slightest clue about. I my self take part in one. Also, many Brazilians, like
myself, write in their profiles that they won't add people they don't know... this is not rare to find.

Comentário III

Bashful Brazilians – it’s a crying sham

Written by Guest, 2005-07-02- 02:47:20

As a Brazilian myself, I feel sorry that some of my countrymen on Orkut have helped spread the image abroad
that we Brazilians are not well-behaved. It’s hard to accept this, but I have to give in and agree that Orkut is
packed with“many” impolite Brazilians.
To exemplify what I mean, let me report something that happened to me: I joined a community named “Eu odeio
Porto Alegre” (I hate Porto Alegre) just to find out why some people hate my hometown. The absurdities the
community members wrote about Porto Alegre were so many that I was compelled to defend my city by showing
them the good side of it. As a result, I was expelled from the community. In other words, I was kicked out of a
community only because I was not bashing my hometown. What was irritating was not the fact that some people
dislike Porto Alegre, but the way they express their viewpoints and the disrespectful way they address to people
who don’t see eye to eye with them. My conclusion: some Brazilians are unprepared to participate in forums
without using vulgar language and execrating those who have a different opinion. (...)
Written by Rene Hass

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a possibilidade correta para o significado da expressão “don’t see eye to
eye”, em negrito no comentário III.
a) Não olhar nos olhos da pessoa com quem se fala.
b) Não concordar com alguém.
c) Não enfrentar uma situação.
d) Não respeitar alguém ou alguma coisa.
e) Não enxergar um palmo diante do nariz.

Questão 04 - (UFSM RS/2007)

Teens life quality affected by a lack of sleep
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According to a new survey of teenagers across the U.S., many of them are losing out on quality of life because of
a lack of sleep.

The poll by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) found that as a consequence of insufficient sleep, teens are
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falling asleep in class, lack the energy to exercise, feel depressed and are driving while feeling drowsy .
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The poll results support previous studies by Brown Medical School, and Lifespan affiliates Bradley Hospital and
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Hasbro Children’s Hospital, which found that adolescents are not getting enough sleep, and suggest that this
can lead to a number of physical and emotional impairments.
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Mary A. Carskadon, PhD, with Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School, chaired the National Sleep
Foundation poll taskforce and has been a leading authority on teen sleep for more than a decade.

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Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

Carskadon, director of the Bradley Hospital Sleep and Chronobiology Sleep Laboratory and a professor of
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psychiatry and human behavior at Brown Medical School, says the old adage ‘early to bed, early to rise ’
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presents a real challenge for adolescents.

Her research on adolescent circadian rhythms indicates that the internal clocks of adolescents undergo
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maturational changes making them different from those of children or adults.

But teens must still meet the demands of earlier school start times that make it nearly impossible for them to get
enough sleep.

Carskadon’s work has been instrumental in influencing school start times across the country.

Carskadon’s newest finding indicates that, in addition to the changes in their internal clocks, adolescents
experience slower sleep pressure, which may contribute to an overall shift in teen sleep cycles to later hours.

Judy Owens, MD, a national authority on children and sleep, is the director of the pediatric sleep disorders center
at Hasbro Children’s Hospital and an associate professor of pediatrics at Brown Medical School, and says the
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results are especially important in light of the fact that 90% of the parents polled believed that their adolescents
were getting enough sleep during the week.
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She says the message to parents is that teens are tired ; but parents can help by eliminating sleep stealers such
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as caffeinated drinks and TV or computers in the teen.s bedroom, as well as enforcing reasonable bed times.

A major report last year by Carskadon, Owens, and Richard Millman, MD, professor of medicine at Brown Medical
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School, indicated that adolescents aged 13 to 22 need 9 to 10 hours of sleep each night.

According to the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research at the National Institutes of Health, school-age
children and teenagers should get at least 9 hours of sleep a day.

Other studies have also shown that young people between 16 and 29 years of age were the most likely to be
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involved in crashes caused by the driver falling asleep.

The NIH also says without enough sleep, a person has trouble focusing and responding quickly, and there is
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growing evidence linking a chronic lack of sleep with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease and
infections.
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=16969 - 03/7/06.

O ditado “early to bed, early to rise” (ref.12) pode ser melhor traduzido por
a) “Deus ajuda quem cedo madruga”.
b) “acordar muito cedo torna os jovens cansados”.
c) “dormir cedo torna os jovens mais atentos de dia”.
d) “quem vê o sol nascer, estuda com mais disposição”.
e) “ir para a cama com as galinhas e despertar com o canto do galo”.

Questão 05 - (UESC BA/2006)

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The article, “Greening Brazil,” suggested that Brazil is taking the use of natural resources and the responsible
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disposal of rubbish more seriously .
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Certainly, improvements are being made , but the people 5 and the government of this huge South American
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country still have far to go . Brazilian law prohibits fires on sugar cane farms. This method of easy preparation
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for the next crop causes massive pollution throughout Brazil . Ash falls everywhere , and smoke becomes a 10
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regular part of life. But the government sits back and does nothing. Many rivers in this beautiful country are
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polluted because the average Brazilian doesn’t care what he or she dumps into them . Your article mentioned that
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Brazil recycles more aluminum cans than does the 15 UK or the United States. I am not in the least surprised,
because such is the country’s shocking poverty that many poor Brazilians must collect the cans and sell them for
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a pittance in order to survive ! The fantastic Brazilian Amazon region took million of years to 20 develop, but
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since 1970 an area equivalent to the size of France and Portugal has been cut down . So much of this
destruction revolves around money and greed.
Speak Up is a great magazine, but your readers should know the real Brazil and the attitudes on the ground in this
country. Only improving education and eliminating corruption can make Brazilians more responsible with their
resources.
BLAKE, John. Greening Brazil. Speak Up, São Paulo: Peixes.
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Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

n. 219, ago. 2005, p. 50. Via e-mail. Adaptado.

The expression “a pittance” (ref.12) should be understood as

01. a lot of money.
02. a very high price.
03. a huge amount of money.
04. a very small amount of money.
05. more money than they deserve.

Questão 06 - (Centro Univ. Newton Paiva MG/2006)

Text 1

Brazilians in London
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The atmosphere on the plane to London on arrival at the airport is so tense that you can cut the air with a knife.
Everyone is nervous at the prospect of going through immigration. They are right to feel so because of the intense
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questioning and sense of degradation Brazilians and other foreigners are made to feel . There are dogs sniffing
around, they ask to see and sometimes even count your money. You need to be totally prepared and have
everything with you to prove what you say because you will not be taken at your word.
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There are many reasons why people leave their own countries to try living in another. Sometimes it is for political
reasons, other times for economic ones, sometimes it is a good way to improve a foreign language by going there
to study and staying for a while. Perhaps your job offers you an opportunity to spend some time abroad, perhaps
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you just want to get away for a while and see something of the world to see if you can manage on your own. […]
Currently, according to the Brazilian Embassy in London, there are estimated 25,000 Brazilians living illegally in
the city. However, this number could be doubled if you take into consideration Brazilians who obtained European
citizenship through their parents…
(Adapted from Speak Up. n. 72, March 1993)

The expression you can cut the air with a knife (line 3) means
a) passengers may start to act crazily.
b) the climate is bad outside the plane.
c) there is tension and silence on the plane.
d) you are allowed to behave madly when flying.

Questão 07 - (ESCS DF/2006)

TEXTO II
For some time, health experts have warned of a worldwide bird-flu pandemic that could kill millions of people and
wreck the global economy. “The most serious health threat facing the world is avian flu,” said WHO director
general Dr. Lee Jong-wook earlier this year. And the threat is growing all the time, as nature keeps dropping hints
that the links in a chain of events leading to a deadly pandemic continue to be forged. This summer, H5N1 spread
west – perhaps in migrating birds – to new territory including Mongolia, Tibet, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. European
countries are taking precautions by tightening surveillance of flocks within their borders. Last week, the Romanian
government said it found several cases of avian flu in domestic birds. Last month, E.U. medical and veterinary
experts told member states to “intensify” the work to update their avian influenza contingency plans.
(Time, October 17, 2005, p. 24)

Em “nature keeps dropping hints” o autor afirma que a natureza vem:

a) sendo destruída;
b) fornecendo pistas;
c) se regenerando;
d) provocando poluição;
e) oferecendo sustento.

Questão 08 - (ITA SP/2006)

Hagar the horrible

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Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

I knew things were going too smoothly to last! é semelhante em português ao ditado:
a) É melhor prevenir do que remediar.
b) Tudo que é bom dura pouco.
c) Quem sabe faz a hora.
d) Quanto mais rezo, mais assombração me aparece.
e) Antes só do que mal acompanhado.

Questão 09 - (ITA SP/2006)

DREAM ON, AMERICA

THE U.S. MODEL: For years, much of the world did aspire to the American way of life. But today countries are
finding more appealing systems in their own backyards.
____________________________
BY ANDREW MORAVCSIK
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NOT LONG AGO, THE AMERICAN DREAM WAS a global fantasy. Not only Americans saw themselves as a
beacon unto nations. So did much of the world.
5
(...)
You had only to listen to George W. Bush’s Inaugural Address last week (invoking “freedom” and “liberty” 49
10
times) to appreciate just how deeply Americans still believe in this founding myth. For many in the world, the
president’s rhetoric confirmed their worst fears of an imperial America relentlessly pursuing its narrow national
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interests. But the greater danger may be a delusional America – one that believes, despite all evidence to the
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contrary, that the American Dream lives on, that America remains a model for the world, one whose mission is to
spread the word.
The gulf between how Americans view themselves and how the world views them was summed up in a poll
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last week by the BBC. Fully 71 percent of Americans see the United States as a source of good in the world.
More than half view Bush’s election as positive for global security. Other studies report that 70 percent have faith
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in their domestic institutions and nearly 80 percent believe “American ideas and customs” should spread
globally.
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FOREIGNERS TAKE AN ENTIRELY different view: 58 percent in the BBC poll see Bush’s re-election as a
threat to world peace. Among America’s traditional allies, the figure is strikingly higher: 77 percent in Germany, 64
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percent in Britain and 82 percent in Turkey. Among the 1.3 billion members of the Islamic world, public support
for the United States is measured in single digits. Only Poland, the Philippines and India viewed Bush’s second
Inaugural positively.
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Tellingly, the anti-Bushism of the president’s first term is giving way to a more general anti-Americanism. A
50
plurality of voters (the average is 70 percent) in each of the 21 countries surveyed by the BBC oppose sending
any troops to Iraq, including those in most of the countries that have done so. Only one third, disproportionately in
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the poorest and most dictatorial countries, would like to see American values spread in their country. Says Doug

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Miller of GlobeScan, which conducted the BBC report: “President Bush has further isolated America from the
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world. Unless the administration changes its approach, it will continue to erode America’s good name, and
hence its ability to effectively influence world affairs.”
(...)
65
The truth is that Americans are living in a dream world. Not only do others not share America’s self-regard,
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they no longer aspire to emulate the country’s social and economic achievements. The loss of faith in the
American Dream goes beyond this swaggering administration and its war (16) in Iraq. A President Kerry .....
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similar disaffection, for it grows from the success of something America holds dear: the spread of democracy,
free markets and international institutions – globalization, in a word.
80
Countries today have dozens of political, economic and social models to choose from. Anti-Americanism is
especially virulent in Europe and Latin America, where countries have established their own distinctive ways –
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none made in America. Futurologist Jeremy Rifkin, in his recent book ‘The European Dream”, hails an emerging
European Union based on generous social welfare, cultural diversity and respect for international law – a model
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that’s caught on quickly across the former nations of Eastern Europe and the Baltics. In Asia, the rise of
autocratic capitalism in China or Singapore is as much a “model” for development as America’s scandal-ridden
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corporate culture.
(...)
Many are tempted to write off the new anti-Americanism as a temporary perturbation, or mere resentment.
100
Blinded by its own myth, America has grown incapable of recognizing its flaws. For there is much about the
105
American Dream to fault. If the rest of the world has lost faith in the American model – political, economic,
diplomatic – it’s partly for the very good reason that it doesn’t work as well anymore.
___________________________
MORAVCSIK teaches politics and directs the
European Union Program at Princeton University.
___________________________
Newsweek, January 31, 2005
Páginas 17-19

A frase countries that have done so, na linha 52, faz referência a
a) countries that have sent troops.
b) countries that have supported Bush’s policy.
c) countries that have been surveyed.
d) countries that have opposed sending troops.
e) one third of the 21 countries surveyed by BBC.

Questão 10 - (UFAM/2006)

The average American teenager spends 1500 hours each year sitting in front of a TV set. In comparison they will
have spent only 900 hours sitting in a classroom.
This is not good news.
Studies show that excessive TV watching is associated with all sorts of bad things such as poor school
performance, a diminished attention span, and an increase in aggressive behavior. Too much TV watching also
makes teens feel less secure and worry more that they will be a victim of crime. Teens who watch a lot of
television also have lower social trust and are less engaged with friends. Television also makes children fat.
According to the US government’s Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 8- to 16-year-olds who
watched four or more hours of television a day, were on average 17 per cent heavier than those who watched
fewer than two hours of television a day.
In 1961, former FCC Commissioner Newton Minow described television as a vast wasteland. It’s become worse
since then. But it’s not just the content of TV shows that is the problem. Research suggests that the passive
nature of TV watching may lead to diminished brain growth in children. So even if your teen is watching four hours
of news, documentaries and educational television a day, that is still too much.

A expressão “a diminished attention span” corresponde a:

a) aumento da capacidade de compreensão
b) diminuição da capacidade de compreensão
c) diminuição da área de concentração
d) aumento do poder de concentração
e) menor poder de concentração

Questão 11 - (UFAM/2006)

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Mom goes on Strike

When Michelle Tribout went on strike, she was only hoping to get some respect from her children. Instead, she
became an international media star. It all began when a newspaper reporter walked by the Tribout house and
saw Mrs Tribout in a treehouse. She was telling her husband (on the ground below) that she wasn’t coming down
2
or cooking or cleaning until the kids started pitching in and showing some gratitude.
The next day the local newspaper published a photograph of Mrs Tribout in the treehouse. After that film crews
from five TV stations showed up.
The BBC called and so did a radio station from Australia.
Why did she go on strike? According to Mrs Tribout, the children Misty – 15 years old, Joseph, 13 and Rachel, 7,
1
were fighting, talking back and failing to get out of bed. The last straw came when they didn’t get up for breakfast
– even after she had made five trips upstairs to wake them up. When her children came home from school that
afternoon, they found their Mom in the treehouse and a big note on the mailbox. It read:
ON STRIKE MOM
No cooking, cleaning, doctoring, banking or taxi service. Out of order!
Mrs. Tribout’s husband Sonny supported the strike.
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So the kids cooked dinner and came outside promising to be nice. But Mrs. Tribout didn’t budge.
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Next, the kids baked their Mom’s favorite cookies and wrote an agreement with the following rules of behavior:
I. Pitch in whenever you see something needs
to be done;
II. Act your age, not like you are five;
III. Don’t smart off;
IV. Come when you are called;
V. We are the kids, you are the parents
VI. We are the kids, you are the parents;
VII. Give and take on an equal basis;
VII Ask before you do something;
IX Do not hit or hurt anybody.
The children presented the agreement at
11:30p.m. A contract was reached at midnight and
Mrs. Tribout finally came down from the treehouse

A expressão “the last straw” (ref.1) corresponde a:

a) a gota d’água
b) o último canudo
c) uma agulha no palheiro
d) a última esperança
e) a próxima tentativa

Questão 12 - (UFRR/2006)
TEXTO I

A THE YOUNG ROOSTER

A young Rooster was summoned to his Father’s bedside.

“Son, my time has come to an end,” said the aged bird.
“Now it is your turn to crow up the morning sun each day.”
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The young Rooster watched sadly as his Father’s life slipped away.
Early the next morning, the young Rooster flew up to the roof of the barn. He stood there, facing the east.
“I have never done this before,” said the Rooster. “I must try my best.” He lifted his head and crowed. A weak
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and scratchy croak was the only sound he was able to make.
The sun did not come up. Clouds covered the sky, and a damp drizzle fell all day. All of the animals of the
farm came to the Rooster.
“This is a disaster!” cried a Pig.
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“We need our sunshine!” shouted a Sheep.
“Rooster, you must crow much louder,” said a Bull. “The sun is ninety-three million miles away. How do you
expect it to hear you?”
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Very early the next morning, the young Rooster flew up to the roof of the barn again. He took a deep breath,
he threw back his head and CROWED. It was the loudest crow that was ever crowed since the beginning of
roosters.
The animals on the farm were awakened from their sleep with a start.
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“What a noise!” cried the Pig.
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My years hurt!” shouted the Sheep.

“My head is splitting!” said the Bull.
“I am sorry,” said the Rooster, “but I was only doing my job.”
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He said this with a great deal of pride, for he saw, far to the east, the tip of the morning sun coming up over
the trees.

A first failure may prepare the way for later success.

Depreende-se da leitura que:

a) Aprender com o erro propicia sucesso posterior;
b) O erro conduz sempre ao fracasso;
c) Errar primeiro deve ser o caminho para o acerto futuro;
d) Sem o erro primeiro jamais se chega ao acerto;
e) Acertar possibilita o sucesso para sempre.

Questão 13 - (FURG RS/2006)

Why More Kids Are Getting Hurt
(By Christine Gorman)
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Whenever you have kids running, jumping and throwing things, there is always the potential for skinned
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knees and maybe a broken bone or two. Over the past few years, however, orthopedic surgeons have begun
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reporting a disturbing new trend in sports injuries. More and more, they say, they are treating young patients for
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strains, sprains and stress fractures that arise from overuse of still- developing muscles, bones, tendons and
7
ligaments. In some cases, the damage is permanent, increasing the risk that the kids − some of them as young
8
as 9 will suffer crippling arthritis − or require extensive surgery as they get older.
9 10
Part of the problem, doctors say, is that children are specializing in sports at a younger age. Then they
11
simply overdo it, playing in three or four soccer leagues instead of just one, for example, or stressing the same
12
parts of the body year round with very similar sports − like swimming, water polo and volleyball.
13 14
That constant repetition is particularly brutal on joints and growth plates − the areas of developing bone
15
tissue that are the weakest parts of a child’s skeleton because they haven’t completely ossified. Young athletes
16
who use their shoulder joints a lot often get into trouble by exercising the muscles in front more than those in the
17 18
back. The unequal tug- of-war winds up pulling the whole joint painfully forward. Growth plates can be either
19
compressed or pulled apart, sometimes shortening the bone’s eventual length.
20 21
Some injuries tend to cluster at different ages. Doctors report seeing a lot of heel problems in kids 9 to 12
22
years old, elbow problems in kids 10 to 12 and knee injuries in kids 12 to 14. Gender also seems to play a role.
23
Girls, for reasons that are not clear, are more likely than boys to tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) − a
24 25
tough ribbon of tissue that holds the knee together. “Twenty years ago, it was rare for someone under age 15
26
to have ACL surgery, ” says Dr. Daniel Green, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon at the Hospital for Special Surgery
in New York City. “Now it’s commonplace.”
27 28
Most overuse injuries don’t lead to permanent disability, provided they are correctly treated and not
29
aggravated for several months. (Many parents are surprised to learn that a couple of weeks’ rest is simply not
enough.) See a doctor if your child suffers pain during exercise or experiences tenderness over a bone when you
push on it directly. By all means, encourage your kids to play sports and move around a lot. But a little variety
goes a long way.
(TIME, June 6, 2005, p. 58)

Glossary:
– trend (line 3) – tendência.
– instead of (line 9) – ao invés de.
– heel (line 18) – calcanhar.
– elbow (line 19) – cotovelo.
– enough (line 27) – suficiente.
– during (line 27) – durante.

The sentence “ ‘Now it’s commonplace’ ” (lines 23 and 24) means that:
a) girls and boys over 15 are frequently suffering from tearing their ACL.
b) girls over 15 years old are frequently suffering from tearing their ACL.
c) boys under 14 years old are frequently suffering from tearing their ACL.
d) girls under 15 years old are frequently suffering from tearing their ACL.
e) girls and boys under 10 are frequently suffering from tearing their ACL.
9
Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

Questão 14 - (UFMS/2006)
Travel Guide -- London

Are you going to London on vacation? London Tours offers FREE entry to the top attractions and much more!

1
The border between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens is not well defined, but each has its own
3
characteristics and they are quite different from each other. Kensington Gardens was once part of Hyde Park,
until William IV enclosed it to become the gardens for Kensington Palace to the west. The Gardens are more
5
orderly and formal than Hyde Park, with a sunken garden and the Round Pond by the palace. Next to Long Water
7
is a statue of Peter Pan, the character created by Scottish novelist James Matthew Barrie, who donated a set of
children's swings nearby.
9
Crossing Long Water is the Serpentine Bridge, which allows traffic to cross the 40-acre artificial lake that was
created by damming the West Borne, a stream that no longer exists. It was in this stream that Harriet Westbrook,
11
first wife of the English Poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, drowned herself in 1818. However, if you cross the bridge
today, you will see the warning in the picture below.

No ditado “War doesn't determine who's right. War determines who's left”, é correto afirmar que
01. se trata de um trocadilho;
02. right, no ditado, significa “lado direito”;
04. left, no ditado, significa “sobrou”;
08. who’s, na expressão who’s right, no ditado, significa “cujo”;
16. who’s poderá ser substituído por whose sem alterar o sentido da frase.

Questão 15 - (UFMS/2006)
Brazil Fears no Blackouts or Brownouts -- At Least Up to 2010
Written by Marcia Wonghon
Monday, 17 April 2006
01
Brazil does not face the risk of running short of electric power, either for industry or residential use, before
2010. This assurance was made by Maurício Tolmasquim, president of the Energy Research Enterprise in the
Ministry of Mines and Energy.
05
At the headquarters of the São Francisco Hydroelectric Company (CHESF), in the northeastern capital of
Recife, last week, he presented the electricity sector's ten-year expansion plan, announced in Brasília last month
by the federal government. According to Tolmasquim, the country is currently in an untroubled situation when it
comes to the security of energy supplies.
10
"Through 2010 all the energy necessary to meet the demands of the distributors has already been
contracted from the power plants. This places the country in a comfortable position, since there is not even a
minor threat of rationing," he declared.
Tolmasquim claims that the risk of an energy deficit in the next four years is less than 3%. He said that an
auction will be held later this year to contract energy for 2011.
15
He added that the energy sector's ten-year expansion plan foresees investments on the order of US$ 18.9
billion in the country's energy systems through 2015.
Agência Brasil
Source: http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/6110/53/
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Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

According to the message “The early bird gets the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese”, seen on a
bumper sticker, one might infer that
01. in some cases it is good to be first.
02. in some cases it isn’t good to be first.
04. the late bird gets caught.
08. the early mouse gets the worm and the second bird gets the cheese.
16. the second mouse gets the cheese because the first one gets caught in the mousetrap.

Questão 16 - (UFMS/2006)
Being a motheror father–a constant learning process
We don't need to go to school to learn to be good mothers and fathers.
1
The other day I saw an article that caught my attention: the headline was 'School in France teaches how to
be a father and mother'. Because of my personal situation - I am a first-time mother of a one-year-old baby - I
rushed to read the article about the French experience. The School for Parents and Educators (EPE in French), a
5
non-governmental organization offers activities and services that help train mothers and fathers throughout
France. The project seems to be very interesting and the numbers confirm its success: in 1998 the EPE recorded
51,000 visits made by parents. The comments made by mothers and fathers are encouraging: they talk about how
good it feels to share the same experiences, and the same joys and heartaches with fellow parents.
10
How to be a good enough mother or father for our children is a topic that is high on everyone's agenda, more
so today than ever before. Theories on modern psychology and education abound and have been widely
disseminated. Parents devour information about how to raise their children with the same voracity of a hungry
baby nursing at his mother's breast. But often they read so much and listen to so many diverse and diverging
15
opinions that they end up with a theoretical overdose. An excess of information often distracts parents from their
most precious gift: that of simply observing their own children. This, more than any theory, provides parents with
that "sixth sense" that enables them automatically and naturally to "figure out" what the child needs.
20
We must remember that intuition should go hand in hand with common sense, which comes from the loving
and caring observation of the everyday lives of children and youngsters. Any studies that have been done about
their universe will confirm this. Readings, conversations with friends, support groups and the help of experienced
professionals are always welcome, as long as the participants are caring and loving parents.
25
We do not need to go to school to learn how to be mothers and fathers. We should, however, do everything
in our power to ensure that we are truly doing the best we can. But without all that guilt or neurosis. After all,
education goes both ways: we will teach them about life and they will teach us. Parents can learn so much from
their children, including how to be decent parents - and vice versa.
Source: CLASSE, on-board TAM magazine, Oct, 2005

Assinale a(s) alternativas(s) em que a expressão à esquerda é sinônima daquela da direita.

01. do everything in our power (line 26) --------- do our best.
02. go hand in hand (line 19) --------- passar de mão em mão.
04. they end up with a theoretical overdose (line 15) --------- in the end, they get overdosed with theories.
08. to” figure out” what the child needs (line 18) --------- to meet the child´s needs.
16. Theories on modern psychology and education abound… (lines 11 and 12) --------- There are a lot of theories
about modem pychology and education...

Questão 17 - (UFPI/2006)
Gang violence grips Brazil State

Attacks are continuing in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo where a wave of coordinated violence since Friday has
left at least 81 people dead.
9 5
Overnight, gangs torched buses , targeted banks and maintained their attacks on police patrols and stations. At
10
least 23 people were killed in the latest fighting , officials said. Authorities say the unrest is being directed from
14 13
inside jail by a criminal gang after hundreds of its members were sent to maximum security prisons.
Correspondents say the violence is an escalation of what many in Sao Paulo are calling a war between the state
authorities and the First Command of the Capital (PCC) criminal faction.
1
Uprisings are said to have been quelled at some 40 jails , but officials are also struggling to restore order in 29.
11
About 120 people are still being held hostage. Unrest has also been reported in some prisons in neighbouring
states, including Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana. Following a meeting with the Brazilian president, Justice
8
Minister Marcio Thomaz Bastos is on his way to Sao Paulo to offer the use of both the army and an elite police
15
unit. Petrol Bombs Heavily armed gangs held up more than 60 buses during a third night of extreme violence in
11
Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

6 7
Sao Paulo, clearing the passengers off and then setting the vehicles alight. Molotov cocktails were hurled into
several bank branches and across Sao Paulo city, police stations again came under attack by gangs wielding
machine guns, machetes and home-made bombs. There were also several fatal shoot-outs.
On Monday morning, bus terminals and underground stations were closed amid fears of further attacks, making it
18
impossible for many people to get to work. Many worried parents kept their children away from school . The
20
attacks and riots began on Friday after 700 jailed PCC members were transferred to higher-security facilities .
Violence was reported in various parts of Greater Sao Paulo, as well as towns along the coast, including Guaruja,
Santos and Cubatao, and towns in the interior of the state.
4
Despite the violence, the governor of Sao Paulo state , Claudio Lembo, has said local authorities can cope, but
Brazilian newspapers report that the federal government is eager to send troops to restore order.
Mobile Phones A local public safety official told the Associated Press that authorities had been prepared for a
PCC response to the jail transfers but "never imagined it would be so big or ferocious”.
According to authorities, 38 gunmen and 39 police officers and prison guards are among the dead. Those who
12 16 2
saw the killing of one police officer said two men wearing masks had approached and shot him in the head as
17
he dined with his wife .
Founded in 1993, the PCC has been involved in drugs and arms trafficking, kidnappings, bank robberies, and
21
prison breaks and rebellions, police say. The power of the faction has been heightened in recent years by the
3
availability of mobile phones, smuggled through prison security , enabling members to run criminal activities from
the safety of their cells.
19
In November 2003, the gang attacked more than 50 police stations , killing three police officers and wounding 12.
Those attacks were thought to have been orchestrated by PCC leaders in jail.
www.bbc.news Monday, 15 May 2006

O que o autor quis dizer com a frase “Uprisings are said to be quelled at some 40 jails”? (linha - 08)
a) Diz-se que os ataques foram desencadeados em aproximadamente 40 prisões;
b) Diz-se que os ataques foram iniciados em mais ou menos 40 prisões;
c) Diz-se que as rebeliões foram controladas em aproximadamente 40 prisões;
d) Diz-se que as rebeliões foram desencadeadas em aproximadamente 40 prisões;
e) Diz-se que os ataques foram coordenados em mais ou menos 40 prisões.

Questão 18 - (UFU MG/2006)

Brazil’s Shrinking Middle Class

Mario Osava

Together with the expansion of industrialization in Brazil in the 20th century there was an accompanying growth of
the middle class in other countries of South America. But in 1981 that trend began to reverse in response to
prolonged economic stagnation and frequent periods of recession over the last two decades. The middle class —
defined in Brazil as that segment of the population with a monthly per capita income of more than 340 dollars —
accounted for 42.5 percent of the country’s total population in 1981. By 2002, that figure had dropped to 36
percent according to a study by Waldir Quadros, a professor at the State University of Campinas. And according
to Quadros, the reality is “even worse than the picture painted here,” which is based solely on levels of income.
The cost of living has increased tremendously for the middle class in recent years, partly due to inflation, but
primarily because of a change in consumer demands which now encompass products and technologies that didn’t
exist before. To maintain a middle class lifestyle in Brazil today means having a computer, Internet access, a cell
phone, other sophisticated electronic equipment, like DVD players and “even imported wine,” explained Quadros.
The study reveals that while the middle class shrank, the ranks of the poor in Brazil grew larger, from 30.5 percent
of the population in 1981 to 35.9 percent in 2002. In absolute terms the number of Brazilians living in poverty rose
from 36.3 million to 61.7 million people out of a total population of more than 178 million. For Quadros, the
fundamental cause for this was “the lack of economic growth,” which led to severe rates of unemployment in the
1990s. Other factors, like productive restructuring and the replacement of manual labour with modern technology,
had little or no effect on the situation, in his view.
Brazil “has no way of financing its growth,” the economist said. Although the heavily indebted State is making an
enormous effort to reduce the fiscal deficit, the resources needed to invest in economic development go, instead,
toward paying the high interest on the country’s public debt, and no solution is in sight. For “cultural” reasons
particular to Brazilian society “there is little value placed on work,” and this is reflected by low wages and a
diminishing proportion of the national income represented by wages and salaries, according to Jan Wiegerinck,
president of the human resources firm that co-sponsored Quadros’ study.
Judges and lawmakers in Brazil earn more than their counterparts in wealthy countries like the United States,
which is why the greatest wage inequality “is found in Brasilia (seat of the Federal Government), not in the private
sector,” he said.
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Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

The high unemployment rates in Brazil in recent years have particularly affected young people under 25,
according to official statistics and numerous studies. And a good university education is no longer any guarantee
against this fate. In fact, according to Quadros’ study, the largest increase in unemployment was precisely among
university and high school graduates. This fact further demonstrates that larger numbers of middle class youth are
now being forced to look for work, thus raising the “open unemployment” rate, which only takes into account those
who are actively seeking employment.
In the past, many of them would not have worried about finding a job until they completed their university
education because their parents’ incomes were sufficient to support the family, said Quadros. The problem is not
limited to Brazil. This diminishing of the middle class and subsequent increase in inequality has also been
experienced in other South American countries with historically sizeable middle classes like Argentina and
Uruguay. In Argentina, a country with 37 million inhabitants today, the middle class represented almost one half of
the total population in the 1980s. But then, in the early 1990s, a process of gradual impoverishment began, an
unprecedented phenomenon in a country traditionally characterized by upward social mobility.
The “nouveau poor” of Argentina are middle class families who continue to own property and assets and have
been able to maintain certain levels of education but do not earn enough in terms of income to remain above the
poverty line.
Adapted from www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=25559 em 15/03/2006 às 18h29min.

No fragmento abaixo
“...this fact further demonstrates that larger numbers of middle class youth are now forced to look for work,...”, as
palavras em negrito podem ser substituídas por
a) to search for.
b) to look up.
c) to look out.
d) to find out.

Questão 19 - (UNIFOR CE/2006)

Time for Marketers to Grow Up?

By Cris Prystay and Sarah Ellison

If demography is destiny, then consumer products companies are facing an aging future. As the
[POSSESSIVE] slow down and [PRONOUN] population ages, multinational companies are being forced to
reconsider strategies for selling diapers, arthritis medicine and everything in between.
But some remain reluctant to let go of their fixation on youth. Lois Coleman, who organizes focus-groups for
consumer companies, says she is almost [ADVERB] asked to study people over age 50. Even for the bran flakes
she helped launch in Mexico, she was asked to talk to consumers under 35. "It was a bran cereal," she says,
pausing. "Now who do you think really needed that product – the kids in their 20s?"
(Adapted from http://www.globalaging.org/elderrights/world/grow.htm)

A synonym for let go of in the text is

a) allow.
b) attract.
c) continue.
d) abandon.
e) discuss.

Questão 20 - (ESCS DF/2005)

Small Doses

Unwarranted hysteria
Swedish scientists touched off an international health scare two years ago when they claimed that common foods
5
such as bread, biscuits, potato chips and French fries contain high amounts of a suspected cancercausing
chemical. They said that acrylamide – a possible human carcinogen – is formed when carbohydrate-rich foods
10
such as potatoes, cereals and rice are either baked or fried.
Now, after an extensive review, an expert panel of the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
15
has concluded that the amount of acrylamide in cooked foods poses very little threat to human health.

13
Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

Of course, there are good reasons to avoid a lot of deepfried foods. They can contribute to heart disease. But,
oddly enough, people tend to ignore well-known risks and fret about the possible ones.
20
Stop at one
Fertility clinics often implant several embryos into a woman at the same time – in the hope that at least one will
survive to develop into a baby. But a Scandinavian study suggests that one may be enough.
25
The researchers found that the success rate for achieving a pregnancy was only slightly higher in the multiple
group compared with a single implant – 43.5 per cent compared with 39.7 per cent.
30
What’s more, multiple implants also carry the added risk of a multiple pregnancy. When several fetuses have to
share a womb, they tend to suffer from low birth weights, premature births and developmental problems, reports
Agence France-Presse from a fertility conference in Berlin.
35
Hangover remedy
The next time New Year’s Eve rolls around, you might want to try a herbal remedy extracted from the prickly pear
cactus. Researchers at Tulane University in New Orleans have found that the extract from the plant, known by its
40
botanical name Opuntia ficus indica, reduces the nausea, dry mouth and other symptoms of hangovers.
Although the study, published in The Archives of Internal Medicine, was partly funded by Extracts Plus Inc., which
45
makes the product, the researchers said they acted independently. They speculate that the extract, called Tex-
OE, reduces the body’s inflammatory response to the impurities in the alcohol. Other experts point out that the
best hangover remedy is not to overdrink.
(The Globe and Mail, July 2, 2004, A17)

In “Stop at One”, the reader is informed that a multiple pregnancy may be a threat to:
a) pregnant women´s weight;
b) future normal pregnancies;
c) possible maternal fertility;
d) healthy fetal growth;
e) future multiple implants.

Questão 21 - (UEM PR/2004)

A MARVEL OF A TRAGEDY
8
Verona treasures the myth of an impossible love story bestowed on the city by Shakespeare's divine poetry
Shakespeare in love with Italy? Yes indeed!
9 15
Yet it's all a question of imagination ... and what an imagination! As far as we know , William Shakespeare never
1
travelled , apart from a few trips from Stratford to London and back. He never went to Venice, where he set Othelo
and The Merchant of Venice, nor to Hamlet's Denmark. Nor did he visit Verona, the hakespearean city par
16 2
excellence. "Verona, whose name always brings to mind Romeo and Juliet," wrote Theóphile Gautier in his
17
nineteenth-century Voyage to Italy. Verona, where as a very young man Shakespeare set one of his first
10 18
works , Two Gentlemen of Verona, a play about friendship and love that some critics consider "immature"
19
though it seems very witty to us his great admirers. Though Shakespeare never actually travelled anywhere, the
20
settings of his plays are evoked so powerfully that his descriptions have become part of the identity of these
places. Especially in the case of Verona, the ideal city of love and friendship, the setting of typically Italian
11
passions, of contrasts and family feuds and above all of poetry . Balconies, tombs, dawns, stars and Capuchin
friars inhabit this legendary place so that it acquires historical authenticity though the story itself is historically
12
unfounded .
The two official places of Shakespearean pilgrimage in Verona are Juliet's house and her tomb. Museums created
over the years in the wake of a legend, based on slender historical facts but by now an essential part of Verona's
13 3
heritage . The museum of Juliet's House is in point of fact a medieval tower in Via Dal appello 23. The Dal
21
Cappello family dates back to the 13th century and the City of Verona bought the building in the early 20th
4
century . "These were the houses of the Capulets, the family of Juliet, mourned by so many noble hearts and
5
celebrated by poets ," says the inscription on the facade.
In the early 1970s, an attractive bronze statue of Juliet was placed in the courtyard and the portico at the entrance
22
is covered with graffitihearts, dates and names inscribed by lovers from all over the world .
24 6
A special letterbox receives thousands of Letters every year sent to the young girl from Verona from the four
23
corners of the earth. The members of the Juliet Club answer the letters and publish a special review as well as
14
organising two literary prizes : "Cara Giulietta" ("Dear Juliet") and "Scrivere per amore" ("Writing for Love"). You
7
may well say it's all an invention. But what is truer than a constantly fuelled myth ?
(Extract from Ulisse, July 2003)

Considerando os vocábulos abaixo, assinale o que for correto.

14
Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

01) "As far as we know" (ref.15) pode ser utilizado para comparar a distância entre dois lugares.
02) Os pronomes "whose" (ref.16) e "where" (ref.17) poderiam ter sido empregados um em lugar do outro, sem
alteração no sentido.
04) O sufixo -ship, em "friendship" (ref.18), foi acrescentado ao substantivo friend para formar um adjetivo.
08) Quando o autor utiliza "to us" (ref.19), ele se inclui entre os admiradores de Shakespeare.
16) "become" (ref.20) e "bought" (ref.21) estão no mesmo tempo verbal.
32) "from all over the world" (ref.22) e "from the four corners of the earth" (ref.23) têm o mesmo significado no
texto.
64) "thousands of letters" (ref.24) pode ser traduzido por "centenas de cartas".

Questão 22 - (UEM PR/2004)

Happiness is a career on the way down
8 1
When the head of an Edinburgh jewellers recently left her post to join the voluntary sector many were taken
aback, but Julia Ogilvy's desire to look beyond the financial rewards of a career is far from unique.
15 9
A new report says the modern generation of professionals are more interested in climbing down the career
2 16
ladder rather than up, placing a balanced lifestyle above the stresses of striving for success .
17 11
Many executives with top jobs are ready to leave the rat race in search of a more balanced lifestyle,
10
according to the Britannia Building Society.
3
Top of the list of these so-called "Climb Downers" are media and marketing workers with 57 per cent keen to
18
ditch the nine-to-five grind .
4 5
Bank managers and accountants come second in the poll (53 per cent), closely followed by surveyors (51 per
cent) and teachers (49 per cent).
Earlier this year, Julia Ogilvy, the managing director of Hamilton and Inches jewellers, in Edinburgh, surprised her
19
contemporaries by leaving the company to work with some of the country's poorest council estates.
(...)
According to the Britannia, seven out of ten people (71 per cent) questioned for the survey said that there is no
20
way they will still be working when they are in their sixties.
12
Dubbed the Climb Downers by Britannia Building Society, such workers are far more likely to be saving up to
travel round the world (73 per cent) than saving for a bigger, better house (16 per cent).
(...)
13 6
Stress is a major factor in the workplace today, with 42 per cent of those surveyed complaining they feel under
7
pressure at work, and 55 per cent saying they think Britons are among the most overworked people in the world.
21
But six out of ten people agreed that high profile, well-paid jobs are far too stressful and almost three quarters of
people in the UK (74 per cent) said they would prefer to have a relaxed and fulfilled lifestyle rather than a six figure
14
salary .
Far and away the most popular choice of leisure activity for the would-be Climb Downer is travel, with staying at
home and having a family, going back to college or university and volunteering in the local community also
popular ways to fill their days.
(Adapted from Yahoo! News, November 19, 2003)

De acordo com o texto, assinale o que for correto.

01) O sufixo "-ness", em "happiness" (título), geralmente indica negação em inglês.

02) "head" (ref.8) pode ser traduzido por "diretora".
04) A forma "-ing", de "climbing" (ref.9) e de "according" (ref.10), tem a mesma função nos contextos em que está
inserida.
08) "in search of" (ref.11) poderia ser substituído por "looking for" sem alteração de significado.
16) A partícula "up", em "saving up" (ref.12), é essencial quando o verbo significa "poupar".
32) "major" (ref.13) é o comparativo de "big".
64) "six figure salary" (ref.14) é o mesmo que "salário de 6.000".

TEXTO: 23 - Comum à questão: 23

1
One of the purposes of my trip across my native country was to listen – to hear speech , accent rhythms,
overtones and emphasis. For speech is so much more than words and sentences. I did listen everywhere. It
seemed to me that regional speech is in the process of disappearing; not gone, but going. Decades of radio and
8
television must have this impact. Communications must destroy localness, by a slow, inevitable process. I can
remember a time when I could almost pinpoint a man’s place of origin by his speech. That is growing more difficult
now and will in some foreseeable future become impossible. It is a rare house or building that is not rigged with
15
Blog do Enem Inglês – Idiomatic Expressions

the spiky combers of the air. Radio and television speech becomes standardized, perhaps better English than we
have ever used. Just as our bread, mixed and baked, packaged and sold without benefit of accident or human
18
frailty, is uniformly good and uniformly tasteless, so will our speech become one speech .
3
I who love words and the endless possibility of words am saddened by this inevitability . For with local accent will
disappear local tempo. The idioms, the figures of speech that make language rich and full of the poetry of place
17
and time must go. And in their place will be a national speech , wrapped and packaged, standard and tasteless.
14
In the many years since I have listened to the land, the change is very great. Travelling west allong the northern
routes, I did not hear truly local speech until I reached Montana. That is one of the reasons I fell in love again with
5 7
Montana . The West Coast went back to package English. The Southwest kept a grasp, but a slipping grasp on
localness. Of course the deep south holds on to its regional expressions, just as it holds and treasures some other
anachronisms, but no region can hold out for long against the highway, the high-tension line and the national
9 6
television. What I am mourning is perhaps not worth saving, but I regret its loss nevertheless .
Even while I protest the assembly-line production of our food, our songs, our language, and eventually our souls, I
15 11
know that it was a rare home that baked good bread in the old days. Mother’s cooking was with rare
exceptions poor, that good unpasteurized milk touched only by flies and bits of manure crawling with bacteria, the
12 13
healthy old time life was riddled with aches and sudden death from unknown causes and that sweet local
10
speech I mourn was the child of illiteracy and ignorance. It is the nature of man as he grows older, a small bridge
2
in time , to protest against change, particularly change for the better. But it is true that we have exchanged
16
corpulence for starvation, and either one will kill us. We, or at least I, can have no conception of human life in a
hundred years or fifty years. Perhaps my greatest wisdom is the knowledge that I do not know. The sad ones are
4
those who waste their energy in trying to hold it back, for they can only feel bitternes in loss and no joy in gain.
(STEINBECK, John. Travels with Charley. New York: Book of the Month Club, 1962.)

Questão 23 - (UECE CE/2004)

“A small bridge in time...” (ref.2) is a metaphor for:

a) the decline of civilization as we now know
b) a new view of life as one grows old
c) the inevitability of a sad future for the old
d) a passing from one condition to the other

Questão 24 - (UNIMONTES MG/2004)

Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II marked his 82nd birthday with a special Mass at the Vatican

Karol Joseph Wojtyla (pronounced Voy-tee-wah), who is now Pope John Paul II, was born in Wadowice, Poland,
on May 18, 1920. He became the Archbishop of Krakow on December 30, 1963. On October 16, 1978,
Archbishop Wojtyla became the first non-Italian pope since Hadrian VI (1522-3).
He took the name of his predecessors (John, Paul, John Paul) to emphasis his desire to continue the reforms of
the Council. Pope John Paul II is said to be the most recognized person in the world. He speaks eight languages
and is the most traveled pope in the history of the papacy, having visited nearly every country in the world which
would receive him. It is his custom to kiss the earth of each land he visits as soon as he puts his feet to that
country.
(...)
Since the start of his Pontificate on October 16, 1978, Pope John Paul II has completed 102 pastoral visits outside
of Italy and 143 within Italy. As Bishop of Rome he has visited 301 of the 334 parishes.
His principal documents include 14 encyclicals, 15 apostolic exhortations, 11 apostolic constitutions and 42
apostolic letters. The Pope has also published three books: “Crossing the Threshold of Hope” (October 1994);
“Gift and Mystery: On the 50th Anniversary of My Priestly Ordination” (November 1996) and “Roman Tryptych –
Meditations”, a book of poems (March 2003). (...) No other Pope has encountered so many individuals like John
Paul II: to date, more than 17,350,000 pilgrims have participated in the General Audiences held on Wednesdays
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(more than 1,000). Such figure is without counting all other special audiences and religious ceremonies held
(more than 8 million pilgrims during the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 alone) and the millions of faithful met
during pastoral visits made in Italy and throughout the world. It must also be remembered the numerous
government personalities encountered during 38 official visits and in the 700 audiences and meetings held with
Heads of State, and even the 231 audiences and meetings with Prime Ministers.
(www.cnn.com/SPECIAL/1999/pope/ – 04/11/2003 – with adaptations)

“...as soon as he puts his feet to that country.”

No trecho acima, a expressão em destaque possui o mesmo sentido que

a) leaves.
b) takes.
c) travels.
d) arrives.

Questão 25 - (UNIFOR CE/2004)

Stem Cells May Eliminate Need for Heart Transplant

Mon September 1, 2003 11:33 PM ET
By Ben Hirschler

Vienna (Reuters) – Four out of a group of five seriously ill Brazilian heart-failure patients no longer needed a heart
transplant after being treated with their own stem cells, the doctor in charge of the research said Monday.
Such "regenerative medicine," in which stem cells extracted from patients' own bone marrow are used to rebuild
tissue, may one day become commonplace for patients with damaged or diseased hearts, some doctors believe.
Hans Fernando Rocha Dohmann of the Pro-Cardiaco Hospital in Rio de Janeiro said his four patients had such a
marked improvement in blood supply after stem cell treatment that they were removed from the list of those
needing a heart transplant.
"This finding has a significant social relevance since there isn't a single heart transplant program anywhere in the
world which is able to treat all the patients who need it," he told reporters at the annual meeting of the European
Society of Cardiology.
The whole area of stem cell research is highly controversial because the most promising of such cells [TO TAKE]
from embryos, usually obtained from fertility clinics.
Embryonic stem cells are capable of turning into nearly 200 different tissue types.
Still, doctors believe the field has huge potential.
So far, all the clinical work involves so-called "autologous" cell transplants, in which cells are used from the
patient's own body.
Using foreign stem cells is another matter and is unlikely to happen for another 10 years, said Professor Juergen
Hescheler of the University of Cologne.
(http://reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtmal?type=topNews&storyID=3369822)

No texto, is unlikely to happen for another 10 years significa

a) só deve acontecer durante mais 10 anos.
b) já poderia ter acontecido há 10 anos.
c) está sendo impedido de acontecer há 10 anos.
d) não é aconselhável que aconteça no período de 10 anos.
e) é provável que só aconteça daqui a 10 anos.

Questão 26 - (UNIFOR CE/2004)

Can the eastern forest become what it used to be?

Four centuries ...... a great, dark, foreboding forest – a "howling wilderness" as the pioneers called it – stretched
across more than 650 million acres of eastern North America.
The settlers looked at the forest and saw boards, shingles, the masts of ships. They saw fuel, with farmland
underneath. Their axes got busy.
A few uncut patches remain, such as Cathedral State Park in West Virginia. Nothing much seems to have
changed there in 400 years, except for the addition of rest rooms and playground equipment (today the definition
of "wilderness" is a place without a gift shop).
(National Geographic, November 2002, p.1)

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No texto, Their axes got busy significa que os colonizadores

a) cultivaram a terra.
b) usaram a lenha para fazer móveis.
c) criaram gado na terra conquistada.
d) derrubaram as árvores.
e) construíram barcos a vapor.

Questão 27 - (CEFET PR/2003)

LETTERS ON: WHY EUROPE WON’T QUIT

Your article on Europeans’ continuing to smoke in public despite restrictive laws hit the nail on the head.
When I’m sitting in the university cafeteria, I like it when other students come and join me, but I detest if I have to
endure their cigarette smoke. Smokers nowadays don’t even bother to ask if I mind it or not. They ruthlessly start
puffing right in my face. If there is a lot of bothersome smoke, I am the one who has to leave the table. Maybe a
little more courtesy would solve the problem. Or perhaps smokers would get the point if I spit right in their face.
Annika Wingbermuehle - Passau, Germany North America’s fanatical, indeed hysterical, antipathy to smoking is
the subject of regular, amused news stories here. Still, I think it’s a bit rich to be lectured on the subject by a
region whose carbon dioxide emissions may cause more global warming than the rest of the world together.
Charles Hopkins – London Your report is very one-sided. Smoking is a pleasurable pastime, and I enjoy my pipe. I
especially delight in smoking it in the pub with a pint. Do-gooders in our society are destroying everything. Next it
will be alcohol. After all, we have to die of something, don’t we? Graham Cowley – Rotherham, England
TIME, FEBRUARY 10, 2003)

The expression “hit the nail on the head” means that the article _____.

a) was hit by a nail

b) hit some heads with a nail
c) was very one-sided
d) said something that was exactly right
e) was very good

Questão 28 - (UNIFESP SP/2003)

Gene banks and blanket consent

Academic and industry researchers are understandably excited about the scientific and therapeutic potential
presented by gene banks. Emerging areas of research, such as pharmacogenetics, require access to large pools
of genetic data, which are of greatest scientific value when linked to identifiable personal information. For
example, links between genetic information and health data are required to study geneenvironment interactions
effectively.
The ethical challenges that are associated with gene banks have attracted much attention from both
academics and policy makers, as highlighted by the UK Human Genetics Commission’s (1999) report. However,
the issue of consent is particularly problematic for researchers. A strict application of many countries’ consent
laws requires researchers to obtain informed consent for the use of all identifiable genetic information and a fresh
consent for new research projects, and to allow participants to withdraw their sample at anytime.
Following these legal requirements is tremendously difficult for research involving large gene banks.
This dilemma has been dealt with through the increasing use of “blanket consent”. Although one-time consents
simplify the research process, the legal challenges associated with them have been underplayed. Because
blanket consents are necessarily vague, they are too general to have much legal weight.
Moreover, they do not allow patients to act meaningfully on their continuing right to control their health
information. As such, most types of blanket consent fall “far short of true informed consent” (Greely 1999).
Given this legal uncertainty, adopting comprehensive blanket consent policies will require many countries to
change their existing consent laws, requiring statutory amendments or legislation. However, creating new consent
policy poses several significant challenges. First, there is some evidence that the public would not feel
comfortable with a lowering of the legal standard to facilitate research. Indeed, a survey in 2001 of Canadians
found that 90% strongly agree (61%) or agree (29%) that genetic information is different and that rules governing
access to it should be stricter (Report for the BADMCC 2001).

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Second, jurisdictional variation in how this consent issue is addressed could add to the challenge of
organizing large, multi-site research initiatives. In Canada, for example, the handling of health information is a
provincial matter. As such each of the ten provinces will need to craft legislation to address this topic.
Finally, governments need to consider carefully the broader social impact of changing consent law. Is it really
time to jettison the well-established autonomy-driven view of consent? What additional safeguards will be needed
to make such a change ethically sound?
(Timothy Caulfield, Extraído de Nature Reviews/Genetics)

Na frase do terceiro parágrafo As such, most types of blanket consent fall “far short of true informed consent”., a
expressão fall far short significa, em português,

a) está muito além.

b) falta pouco para chegar lá.
c) caiu em desuso.
d) fica muito aquém.
e) é muito mais abrangente.

Questão 29 - (UNIMONTES MG/2003)

Goin Over toi the Dark Side

What do Cameron Diaz (1 below), Gwyneth Paltrow, RachaelHunter, Eva Herzigova (left), Kylie Minogue (3
below) and Madonna (2 below) all have in common? They are all famous blondes who have recently gone
brunette. (…) India knight (…) makes the conjucture that blonds are sick of being seen* as tradictionally more fun
yet more likely to cry, and ultimately they and up dying as tragic victims, such as Marilyn Monroe and Princess
Diana, Two of the most famous blondes of the last century.

Feita a leitura do texto, concluímos que o título “Going Over to the Dark Side”
a) expressa a necessidade que há, hoje, de as pessoas assumirem a sua cor.
b) apela veementemente para que as mulheres mudem para o “time” das morenas.
c) exprime exatamente a idéia de mudança veiculada pelo texto.
d) é um pedido para que os homens passem a olhar as morenas com “outros olhos”.

Questão 30 - (UNIFOR CE/2001)

How cold was it? If I were a comedian, I could probably come up with some smart remark here. All I can say is
that the sandhill cranes just had to be warmer than photographer Joel Sartore and I were. At least they could
move around and talk to each other. We hardly dared say a word while photographing their migration stopover
along the freezing Platte River in Nebraska.
Conservation groups, farmers along the Platte, and political leaders in Nebraska have united to double the 14,000
acres of habitat already preserved for half a million cranes and some 20 million other migratory birds on their
journey to northern nesting grounds.
(Adapted from National Geographic, March 2001)

Uma tradução adequada para We hardly dared say a word seria

a) Tínhamos dificuldade de respirar.
b) Era muito difícil nos comunicarmos.
c) Mal ousávamos falar.
d) Não nos incomodávamos de murmurar.
e) Quase não tínhamos coragem de nos mexer.

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GABARITO:

1) Gab: C
2) Gab: A
3) Gab: B
4) Gab: E
5) Gab: 04
6) Gab: C
7) Gab: B
8) Gab: B
9) Gab: A
10) Gab: E
11) Gab: A
12) Gab: A
13) Gab: D
14) Gab: 5
15) Gab: 19
16) Gab: 21
17) Gab: C
18) Gab: A
19) Gab: D
20) Gab: D
21) Gab: 40
22) Gab: 10
23) Gab: D
24) Gab: D
25) Gab: E
26) Gab: D
27) Gab: D
28) Gab: D
29) Gab: C
30) Gab: C

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