UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide (RAN17.0 - 01)

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm

Solution Guide
Issue 01
Date 2014-10-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1

1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Solution Overview........................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application Scenarios.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Overall Solution..............................................................................................................................................................2
3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

3.1 Scenario Description.......................................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Solution Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................4
3.3 Solution Description.......................................................................................................................................................4
3.3.1 Common Channel Solution.........................................................................................................................................5
3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution..........................................................................................5
3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution.............................................................................6
3.3.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State...........................................................................12
3.3.2.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution........................................................................................13
3.3.2.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution...........................................................................16
3.4 Implementation.............................................................................................................................................................21
3.4.1 Common Channel Solution.......................................................................................................................................21
3.4.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State...........................................................................21
4 List of Features Involved in Solution......................................................................................22

5 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................25
6 Reference Documents.................................................................................................................27
Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 1 About This Document
1 About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes the small data packet storm solution, which is used to improve user
experience for UTMS networks.
In different scenarios, the solution employs different features and signaling procedures.
However, this document does not detail the principle, deployment, and maintenance of the
involved features. For these details, see the related feature parameter descriptions.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l Need to understand the small data packet storm solution
l Work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information about the changes in different document versions.
RAN17.0 01 (2014-10-15)
Compared with issue 01 (2014-05-15) of RAN16.0, issue 01 (2014-10-15) of RAN17.0 includes
the following change.
l Added the WRFD-171203 Uplink Control Channel OLPC feature in the Power Efficiency
Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State solution in section 3.3.2 Power Efficiency
Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State.
l Optimize the description.
Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 2 Solution Overview
2 Solution Overview
2.1 Background
Small data packets, such as those generated by Facebook, microblog, and free instant messaging
applications have become the major service mode of smart phones. Small data packets are
characterized by small data volumes and long transmission intervals. Compared with traditional
services, small data packet services generate more signaling and consume more control channel
load resources over the Uu interface.
With the ever-increasing penetration rate of smart phones, signaling storms are the first network
challenge that badly impacts the network. For details about signaling storm solutions, see UMTS
Signaling Storm Solution Guide.
The high penetration rate of smart phones also poses great challenges to the performance of the
Uu interface. For example, with excessive small data packet services, the uplink control channels
contribute to above 50% of the load on the Uu interface, severely restricting the number of UEs
that can be admitted by the network. In addition, the load resources available to data channels
over the Uu interface are significantly reduced, severely affecting the cell throughput. These
challenges on the performance of the Uu interface are termed the small data packet storm.
The solution helps improve the performance of the Uu interface, including increasing the number
of UEs that can be admitted by the network and cell throughput.
2.2 Application Scenarios

The solution applies to small data packet storm scenarios. With the ever-increasing penetration
rate of smart phones, more and more small data packets are generated by application software,
which significantly increases the power load consumption of control channels. As a result, the
number of UEs that can be admitted by the network is restricted, or cell throughput drastically
decreases with the increase in the number of online UEs. User experience is affected as a result.
2.3 Overall Solution

The small data packet storm solution consists of the following solutions or functions:

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 2 Solution Overview
l Common Channel Solution

During initial access or after data transmission, users processing small data packet services
choose to stay in an appropriate state, such as CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH,
or URA_PCH, based on service requirements after the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or
URA_PCH function is enabled. This helps reduce the proportion of users that occupy
dedicated channels and decreases signaling overheads of users, thereby improving the
transmission efficiency on the Uu interface.
l Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State
Users processing small data packet services require excessive power load consumption of
control channels, which decreases the load resources available for data transmission over
the Uu interface. This function helps improve the power efficiency of the Uu interface when
UEs are in the CELL_DCH state.

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 3 Solution Application Guidelines
3 Solution Application Guidelines
3.1 Scenario Description

Generally, small data packet storms are likely to occur when a cell serves many UEs, considering
that normal networks usually accommodate a high proportion of smart phones.
In addition, a small data packet storm can be determined by observing the number of UEs in the
CELL_DCH state.
l When traffic load is relatively balanced between cells under the same RNC, you can
determine a small data packet storm scenario if the mean number of UEs in the CELL_DCH
state under the RNC exceeds 20 during peak hours (that is, the value of
VS.CellDCHUEs.RNC divided by the number of cells is greater than 20).
l When traffic load is extremely unbalanced between cells under the same RNC, you can
apply this solution in a cell with a large number of UEs and determine a small data packet
storm scenario if the number of UEs in the CELL_DCH state in the cell exceeds 20 (that
is, the value of VS.CellDCHUEs is greater than 20).
Because the proportion of UEs that are processing different types of services is relatively stable
in normal networks (for example, the proportion of AMR UEs is usually about 30%), the number
of UEs in the CELL_DCH state is used to determine a small data packet storm scenario,
regardless of the types of services these UEs are processing. If the number of UEs that are
processing AMR services differs greatly among actual networks, the threshold number of UEs
for determining a small data packet storm scenario may also be different.
3.2 Solution Purpose

The solution to small data packet storms helps increase the capacity of the Uu interface, including
increasing the number of UEs that can be admitted by the network and cell throughput.
3.3 Solution Description

WCDMA RAN
3.3.1 Common Channel Solution

When many UEs that are processing small data packet services stay in the CELL_DCH state,
these UEs consume excessive power resources of the DCH. Switching these UEs to other states,
such as CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH can help reduce the resource consumption
over the Uu interface and improve the efficiency in which channels carry small data packet
services. For details about the four states of UEs in connected mode, see State Transition Feature
Parameter Description.
In addition, this solution can be used together with the WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced
CELL_FACH and WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH features to increase the
uplink and downlink throughput of UEs in the CELL_FACH state by allocating the HS-DSCH
and E-DPDCH to them.
3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-1 lists the features involved in the common channel solution.
Table 3-1 List of features involved in the common channel solution
Feature ID Feature Name Introduc Reference Remarks

ed in… Document
WRFD-0205 Enhanced Fast RAN12.0 Enhanced Fast None

00 Dormancy Dormancy Feature
Parameter
Description
WRFD-0106 Downlink RAN11.0 Enhanced Recommended

88 Enhanced CELL_FACH when the
CELL_FACH Feature Parameter penetration rate of
Description E-FACH UEs
reaches 20%. In
this case, the gains
are obvious.
WRFD-0107 Uplink Enhanced RAN13.0 Enhanced Recommended

01 CELL_FACH CELL_FACH when the
Feature Parameter penetration rate of
Description E-RACH UEs
reaches 20%. In
this case, the gains
are obvious.
NA State transmission RAN12.0 State Transition None

parameter Feature Parameter
optimization Description
NA Multi-carrier RAN12.0 UMTS Multi- None

networking policy Carrier Solution
adjustment Guide

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3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

WRFD-020500 Enhanced Fast Dormancy (involving both state transmission parameter
optimization and multi-carrier networking policy adjustment)
Some smart phones in a live network send a Signaling Connection Release Indication (SCRI)
message to the RNC after PS data transmission is complete. By sending the SCRI message, the
smart phones request for a transition to idle mode or the CELL_PCH state to reduce battery
consumption. Upon receiving the SCRI, the RNC monitors the smart phones for a period of
time. If the smart phones do not transmit data in either uplink or downlink, the RNC releases
the signaling connection and switches the smart phones to idle mode, or the RNC maintains the
signaling connection and switches the smart phones to the CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH/
URA_PCH state.
If the Enhanced Fast Dormancy (EFD) feature is disabled, the RNC switches the smart phones
to idle mode after receiving the SCRI message by default. A smart phone setting up PS services
in idle mode consumes more signaling resources than that in the CELL_PCH state. If the smart
phone is to perform small data packet services, there is a high probability that the Uu resource
consumption of signaling is much more than that of data transmission.
The EFD feature optimizes the state transition algorithm for FD UEs so that they can switch to
the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state more quickly and efficiently. Details are
listed in the following table.
Table 3-2 State transition by UEs of different types after the EFD feature is enabled
UE Type FD UE or State Transition

Not
UE that does not send No A 4B event is triggered and the UE switches to the
the SCRI message CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state.
(earlier than R5)
UE that does not send Yes The EFD PS deactivated timer expires and the UE
the SCRI message (R5 switches to the CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/
or later) URA_PCH state.
A 4B event is triggered and the UE switches to the
CELL_FACH/ CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state.
UE that sends the SCRI Yes The UE switches to the CELL_FACH/

message (with a cause CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state after sending the
value of "UE Requested SCRI message to the RNC.
PS Data session end") The EFD PS deactivated timer expires and the UE
switches to the CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/
URA_PCH state.

WCDMA RAN
UE Type FD UE or State Transition

Not
UE that sends the SCRI Yes The UE switches to idle mode after sending the
message (with other SCRI message to the RNC.
cause values or without The EFD PS deactivated timer expires and the UE
any cause value) switches to the CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/
URA_PCH state.
The purposes of optimizing parameters for state transition (including Dynamic Channel
Configuration Control (DCCC), HSDPA State Transition, and HSUPA DCCC features) are as
follows:
l Fast transition to the CELL_FACH state after data transmission is complete: Choose an
appropriate timer to reduce the ping-pong state transitions as much as possible and reduce
the time that a UE having no data transmission stays in the CELL_DCH state.
l Appropriate configuration of data volume transmitted on the FACH: Properly configure
the data volume transmitted on the FACH to prevent congestion and transition to the
CELL_DCH state after a UE transmits one or two PDUs.
Table 3-3 lists the optimization of parameters related to state transition.
Table 3-3 Optimization of state transmission parameters
Category Parameter Recom Default Value

mende (Current)
d
Value
HSDPA BEH2FSTATETRANSTIMER 2 5
BEH2FTVMPTAT D1000 D1000
BEH2FTVMTIMETOTRIG D1280 D5000
HSUPA BEE2FSTATETRANSTIMER 2 5
E2FTHROUMEASPERIOD 30 100
E2FTHROUPTAT 4 16
DCH STATETRANSTRAFFREDUND- 90 80
COEF
D2FTVMPTAT D1000 D1000
D2FTVMTIMETOTRIG D1280 D5000
BED2FSTATETRANSTIMER 2 5

WCDMA RAN
Category Parameter Recom Default Value

mende (Current)
d
Value
BeF2PStateTransTimer 5 5
H2F PERFENH_H2F_OPT_SWITCH 1 0
optimization
switch
F2D BeF2HTvmThd D512 D1024

thresholds BeF2CpcHTvmThd
BeF2ETvmThd D256 D1024

BeF2DTvmThd
BeF2CpcETvmThd
After the EFD feature is introduced, the original camping strategy (that is, forced camping,
preferential camping, or random camping) may lead to a large number of unnecessary cell
reselections and PS call drops may also occur in multi-carrier networking.
NOTE
There are two features related to multi-carrier network management: Multi Frequency Band Networking
Management and Enhanced Multiband Management.
l Forced camping
The forced camping strategy forces UEs in idle mode to camp on a specific frequency. For
example, in Figure 3-1 UEs in idle mode are forced to camp on F1 and are not allowed to
camp on F2. When UEs in idle mode initiate services, UEs can choose to use F1 or F2
based on the service type.
Figure 3-1 An example of forced camping

WCDMA RAN
l Preferential camping
The preferential camping strategy enables UEs in idle mode to camp on the preferential
camping frequency through cell selection and reselection parameter configurations. For
example, in Figure 3-2, UEs in idle mode camp on the preferential camping frequency F1,
and some UEs are allowed to camp on F2. All UEs initiate services on their camping
frequencies.
Figure 3-2 An example of preferential camping
l Random camping
As shown in Figure 3-3, the random camping strategy enables UEs in idle mode to
randomly camp on frequencies.
Figure 3-3 An example of random camping

WCDMA RAN
The camping strategy may need to be adjusted based on the current networking policy.
Table 3-4 Camping strategy adjustment in a multi-carrier networking scenario
Current Optimization Strategy Remarks

Strategy
Forced Scenario 1 (recommended): F1/ Most smart phones support HSPA. After
camping F2 preferential camping receiving a reconfiguration message, UEs
Advantage: This strategy has in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or
small impact on traffic URA_PCH state cannot respond to the
distribution among carriers in the message in a barred cell. Therefore, these
network. UEs must reselect F1 and respond to the
message. If the forced camping strategy is
Disadvantage: UEs in the used, the UE sends the response message
CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH during H2F state transitions after
state need to reselect F1. After reselecting F1. Under this circumstance,
these UEs switch to the there is a high probability that the timer set
CELL_DCH state, they need to to wait for the response message expires,
perform the DRD procedure to and consequently PS call drops occur.
use F2. As a result, the common
channel load of F1 is
comparatively high.
Scenario 2: F1/F2 random
camping
Advantage: Load balancing is
achieved.
Disadvantage: This strategy
requires a large amount of
modification and greatly affects
traffic distribution among
carriers in the network.

WCDMA RAN
Current Optimization Strategy Remarks

Strategy
Preferential The current camping strategy UEs do not stay in the CELL_FACH state
camping does not need to be changed in for a long time. Generally, most UEs stay
this scenario. It is recommended in the CELL_FACH state for a period
that inter-frequency ranging from 2 seconds to 10 seconds, and
measurement function be most UEs do not initiate CS services
disabled for UEs in the within this short period of time. In
CELL_FACH state. addition, if all UEs in the CELL_FACH
state camp on F1, FACH congestion
occurs on F1. Therefore, it is
recommended that UEs in the
CELL_FACH state camp on their current
carriers. In addition, the overlap of H2F
state transition and cell update caused by
cell reselection to F1 should also be
avoided, as the overlap may lead to a large
number of H2F state transition failures.
Therefore, it is recommended that the
inter-frequency measurement function be
disabled for UEs in the CELL_FACH
state.
Random The current camping strategy None

camping does not need to be changed in
this scenario.
WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH
The Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH feature enables a UE in the CELL_FACH state to

receive data with a high speed from the HS-DSCH.
Traditionally, the UEs in the CELL_FACH state use low-speed data transmission (32 kbit/s)
only. With this feature, data on logical channels, such as the BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, and DTCH
can be mapped to the HS-DSCH and then transmitted to UEs in the CELL_FACH state through
the HS-DSCH on the Uu interface. In this case, UEs in the CELL_FACH state can share code
and power resources on the HSDPA as UEs in the CELL_DCH state do. This helps implement
high-speed data transmission on the downlink and shorten state transition delays for UEs.
WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH
The Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH feature enables a UE in the CELL_FACH state to transmit
data or signaling with a high speed on the E-DPDCH.
When UEs in the CELL_FACH state transmit data in the uplink, the data is mapped to the E-
DPDCH, not the PRACH, to realize a high-speed service rate in the uplink. The E-DPDCH
provides higher data rates because it uses a 2 ms TTI or 10 ms TTI. Theoretically, it can provide
a data rate of 5.76 Mbit/s. In contrast, the PRACH uses a 20 ms TTI, providing a data rate of 8
kbit/s.

WCDMA RAN
Using the E-AI (Extended AI) to make better use of the signatures, this feature reduces the
probability of uplink channel collision, allowing for smoother data transmission.
RTWP reduction for SIB7
This function reduces the uplink RTWP spikes caused by the open-loop power control on
preamble signals sent by the UE during its initial access on the RACH. The reduction is
noticeable in heavy load scenarios. The RTWP in SIB7 is broadcast in realtime. The RTWP in
SIB7 is reduced to reduce the transmit power of the first preamble signal sent by the UE.
3.3.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH

State
Different measures are taken in the uplink and downlink to reduce the Uu resource consumption
of UEs in the CELL_DCH state, thereby improving power efficiency over the Uu interface.
Uplink
The uplink measures involve reducing the power load consumption of uplink control channels.
Uplink control channels are the HS-DPCCH, DPCCH, and E-DPCCH.
l Increase the power offset of HSUPA service channels to decrease the power load
consumption of the DPCCH.
When the HSUPA rate is low, for example, in common small data packet service scenarios,
the requirements for channel estimation are comparatively low. That is, the signal-to-
interference ratio (SIR) of the DPCCH can be reduced. Under these circumstances, you can
configure a comparatively large power offset for the E-DPDCH carrying HSUPA services,
thereby reducing the uplink power load consumption of control channels.
A comparatively small power offset should be configured for the E-DPDCH carrying
HSUPA services with high data rates, thereby improving the SIR of the DPCCH and
ensuring the channel performance.
l Prolong the CQI feedback period and reduce the power offset to decrease the power load
consumption of the HS-DPCCH.
When a large number of UEs are in connected mode, the number of downlink scheduling
chances is reduced for each UE. In addition, the requirements for the accuracy and
frequency of CQI demodulation on the HS-DPCCH are lowered. Under these
circumstances, you can prolong the CQI feedback period for HSDPA UEs (reduce the
number of times HSDPA UEs report CQI), thereby reducing the average power load
consumption of the uplink HS-DPCCH.
You can also reduce the power offset of the HS-DPCCH to reduce the power load
consumption of the HS-DPCCH.
l Optimize the working mechanism of outer loop power control (OLPC) to reduce the power
consumption of HSUPA users on uplink control channels when these users have no data
to transmit.
The SIRtarget exported by the OLPC when there is no data transmission is generally lower
than that exported by the OLPC when there is data transmission.
When there is no data transmission, the NodeB only needs to ensure that the UE is
synchronized with the network in the uplink and that the UE correctly receives information
on the HS-DPCCH.

WCDMA RAN
When there is data transmission, the NodeB needs to ensure that the UE is synchronized
with the network in the uplink and that the UE correctly receives information on the HS-
DPCCH, E-DPCCH, and E-DPDCH. In addition, the data rates on the E-DPCCH and E-
DPDCH are much higher than those on other channels. Therefore, the NodeB receiver
requires a large SIR to demodulate data. However, the NodeB receiver requires only a low
SIR to demodulate data when where is no data transmission.
Before this feature is introduced, when an HSUPA user has no data to transmit, the RAN
retains the SIRtarget exported by the OLPC when there is data transmission. After this
feature is introduced, the RAN performs OLPC based on the current quality of control
channels when an HSUPA user has no data to transmit. The SIRtarget exported under these
circumstances is lower than that before this feature is introduced.
l Configure a relatively large target retransmission rate to decrease the link load.
In a UMTS system, a large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases the probability of data
blocks being correctly received and the data transmission throughput. However, a large
SNR requires high transmit power, which results in increased interference to the system.
This cannot achieve the highest possible bit efficiency. When the system is heavily loaded,
a large target retransmission rate can be configured for uplink R99 and HSUPA channels.
This helps obtain high HARQ combining gains and lower the SNR, aiming at improving
the uplink power efficiency of R99 and HSUPA UEs.
l Use the interference cancellation technique to reduce interference between UEs and
decrease the power load consumption of the DPCCH, HS-DPCCH, or E-DPCCH.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a self-interference system. The
transmission efficiency of the Uu interface is limited by inter-user interference. The
interference cancellation technique is the preferential multiuser detection (MUD) technique
used by the UMTS system. It helps reduce the inter-user interference and therefore increases
cell uplink capacity. In small data packet storm scenarios, the interference cancellation
technique helps improve the uplink transmission efficiency over the Uu interface.
Downlink
The following downlink measures are taken to reduce the power load consumption of non-HSPA
UEs:
l Reduce the power load consumption of common channels such as the CPICH.
In heavy load scenarios, reducing the power load consumption of the CPICH increases the
resources available to data channels but also reduces the cell coverage. Therefore, this
method is recommended for cells with good coverage performance (for example, in urban
areas).
l Reduce the power load consumption of the A-DCH.
The transport format of the A-DCH is changed to reduce its power load consumption. In
addition, you can also improve the transmission efficiency of the A-DCH by decreasing
the power load consumption of the UEs at the cell edge, as UEs at the cell edge require
comparatively large downlink transmit power.
3.3.2.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-5 lists the features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for UEs in
the CELL_DCH state.

WCDMA RAN
Table 3-5 List of features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for UEs in
the CELL_DCH state
Classification Feature ID Feature Name Introduc Reference

ed in… Document
Parameters WRFD-0107 Adaptive RAN13.0 Power Control

adaptively 12 Configuration of Feature Parameter
optimized to Traffic Channel Description
reduce the power Power Offset for
load HSUPA
consumption of
uplink control
channels
Parameters WRFD-1602 Flexible Power RAN16.0 Flexible Power

adaptively 02 Control for Uplink Control for Uplink
optimized to Low Data Rate Low Data Rate
reduce the power Transmission Transmission
load Feature Parameter
consumption of Description
uplink control
channels
Parameters WRFD-1402 Dynamic RAN14.0 Power Control

adaptively 15 Configuration of Feature Parameter
optimized to HSDPA CQI Description
reduce the power Feedback Period
load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
Parameters WRFD-1402 Load-based Uplink RAN14.0 Power Control

adaptively 16 Target BLER Feature Parameter
optimized to Configuration Description
reduce the power
load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
Parameters WRFD-1402 Adaptive RAN14.0 Power Control

adaptively 22 Adjustment of Feature Parameter
optimized to HSUPA Small Description
reduce the power Target
load Retransmissions
consumption of
uplink control
channels

WCDMA RAN

ed in… Document
OLPC N/A RTWP protection RAN14.0 Power Control

optimized to Feature Parameter
reduce the power Description
load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
OLPC NA OLPC fast decrease RAN14.0 Power Control

optimized to Feature Parameter
reduce the power Description
load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
OLPC WRFD-1712 Uplink Control RAN17.0 Uplink Control

optimized to 03 Channel OLPC Channel OLPC
reduce the power Feature Parameter
load Description
consumption of
uplink control
channels
Interference WRFD-1402 Control Channel RAN14.0 Control Channel

cancelled to 02 Parallel Interference Interference
reduce the power Cancellation (Phase Cancellation
load 2) Feature Parameter
uplink control
channels
Interference WRFD-1602 Control Channel RAN16.0 Control Channel

cancelled to 01 Parallel Interference Interference
reduce the power Cancellation (Phase Cancellation
load 3) Feature Parameter
uplink control
channels
Interference WRFD-1602 Turbo IC PHASE II RAN16.0 HSUPA Data

cancelled to 13 Channel
reduce the power Interference
load Cancellation
consumption of Feature Parameter
uplink control Description
channels

WCDMA RAN

ed in… Document
- WRFD-0106 CPC - DTX / DRX RAN11.0 HSPA Evolution

86 Feature Parameter
Description
- WRFD-1502 Load Based RAN15.0 Power Control

36 Dynamic Feature Parameter
Adjustment of Description
PCPICH
Reducing the WRFD-1502 WRFD-150235 RAN15.0 Power Control

power load 35 Feature Parameter
the A-DCH
Reducing the WRFD-1502 DPCH Pilot Power RAN15.0 Power Control

power load 30 Adjustment Feature Parameter
the A-DCH
Reducing the WRFD-0106 SRB over HSDPA RAN10.0 Power Control

power load 52 Feature Parameter
the A-DCH
Reducing the N/A A-DCH using RAN15.0 Radio Bearers

power load transmission format Feature Parameter
consumption of 1*0 when carrying Description
the A-DCH only SRBs
Reducing the N/A Blind detection RAN15.0 Radio Bearers

power load started on the A- Feature Parameter
consumption of DCH when the A- Description
the A-DCH DCH carrying only
SRBs
- N/A Channel quality RAN15.0 HSDPA Feature

indicator (CQI) Parameter
adjustment for small Description
data packet services
with a large BLER
3.3.2.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-6 describes the features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for
UEs in the CELL_DCH state.

WCDMA RAN
Table 3-6 Descriptions of features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for
UEs in the CELL_DCH state
Feature ID Feature Name Description
WRFD-010712 Adaptive Configuration of Improves the power efficiency for

Traffic Channel Power HSUPA services:
Offset for HSUPA The power load consumption of the
uplink DPCCH is reduced by increasing
the power offset of the E-DPDCH and
DPCCH for UEs with low throughput.
WRFD-160202 Flexible Power Control for Configures an extremely low rate (for
Uplink Low Data Rate example, a rate lower than 40 kbit/s) for
Transmission HSUPA users and an appropriate E-
DPDCH HARQ offset for HSUPA users
with an extremely low rate so as to reduce
the target SIR and power consumption of
control channels, thereby increasing
uplink capacity.
WRFD-140215 Dynamic Configuration of Reduces the power load consumption on

HSDPA CQI Feedback the HS-DPCCH:
Period When the uplink load is high, the CQI
feedback period is prolonged to decrease
the uplink power load consumption of the
CQI on the HS-DPCCH.
WRFD-140216 Load-based Uplink Target Improves the power efficiency for R99
BLER Configuration PS services in the uplink:
When the uplink load is high, the target
BLER of R99 PS users is increased to
obtain larger retransmission gains,
thereby reducing the uplink power load
consumption without sacrificing the
effective rate.
WRFD-140222 Adaptive Adjustment of Improves the power efficiency for

HSUPA Small Target HSUPA services:
Retransmissions The target retransmission rate of UEs
with low throughput is increased. The
target retransmission rate of UEs using
the 10 ms TTI is increased from 1% to
10%. The gains provided by HARQ
retransmissions help increase the
HSUPA power efficiency.

WCDMA RAN
WRFD-140202 Control Channel Parallel Reduces inter-UE interference using the

Interference Cancellation interference cancellation technique:
(Phase 2) The interference on the DPCCH is
canceled to decrease the interference
from UEs on the DPCCH to other UEs in
the system.
WRFD-160201 Control Channel Parallel This feature reduces interference

Interference Cancellation between users:
(Phase 3) The interference on the HS-DPCCH and
E-DPCCH is canceled to minimize the
interference from HS-DPCCH and E-
DPCCH to UEs.
WRFD-160213 Turbo IC PHASE II The NodeB selects low-rate HSUPA UEs

using the 2 ms TTI for single HARQ
process scheduling when the uplink Uu
interface is congested in a cell. This
reduces the number of UEs that
performing data transmission at the same
time, thereby reducing interference
between users.
N/A RTWP protection The uplink RTWP is checked every 10

ms. Under general congestion
conditions, the SIRtarget is reduced for
HSUPA BE UEs using DTX. Under
extreme congestion conditions, the
SIRtarget is reduced for R99 BE UEs and
HSUPA BE UEs that do not use DTX.
N/A OLPC fast decrease In the early phase of service setup, the
SIRtarget can be reduced by a maximum
of 1 dB (configurable). In addition, in the
scenario of sudden interference or
limited UE transmit power, the SIRtarget
increase is restricted.

WCDMA RAN
WRFD-171203 Uplink Control Channel Reduces the power consumption of

OLPC HSUPA users on uplink control channels
by optimizing the working mechanism of
OLPC.
The RAN performs OLPC on HSUPA
users based on the quality of control
channels instead of that of data channels
when HSUPA users have no data to
transmit. The SIR required for
demodulating data on control channels is
lower than that required for
demodulating data on data channels. As
a result, the power consumption of
HSUPA users on uplink control channels
is reduced.
WRFD-010686 CPC - DTX / DRX Reduces the power load consumption of

the DPCCH: This feature consists of
DTX and DRX. DTX is a method
through which UEs momentarily stop the
data transmission on the DPCCH to
decrease the interference on the DPCCH
when there is no data transmission on the
E-DCH. In addition, to ensure the
synchronization between power control
and links, UEs periodically send DPCCH
bursts during the DTX.
Recommended when the penetration rate
of CPC UEs reaches 20%. In this case,
the gains are obvious.
WRFD-150236 Load Based Dynamic Reduces the downlink power load

Adjustment of PCPICH consumption of common channels:
When the required downlink non-HSPA
power is large, the pilot transmit power
is automatically reduced to decrease the
power load consumption of common
channels. In addition, the cell coverage is
also reduced and the UEs at the cell edge
are handed over to neighboring cells to
decrease the downlink load of the current
cell. In this way, more UEs at the cell
center can be admitted by the network or
the cell can provide larger transmit power
for online HSDPA UEs.

WCDMA RAN
WRFD-150235 DPCH Maximum Power Reduces downlink load consumption of

Restriction the DPCH:
In heavy downlink load scenarios, the
maximum transmit power of the A-DCH
is reduced when the A-DCH does not
have any signaling to transmit. This
reduces the overall maximum transmit
power.
WRFD-150230 DPCH Pilot Power Reduces downlink load consumption of

Adjustment the DPCH:
When the downlink load is heavy, the
power offset of the pilot channel is
reduced to decrease the power load
consumption of the pilot field on the
DPCH, thereby saving the non-HSDPA
power.
WRFD-010652 SRB over HSDPA Reduces the number of code channels for
the A-DCH and the power load
consumption of the A-DCH:
The F-DPCH and enhanced F-DPCH
allow multiple HSDPA UEs to be
multiplexed onto the same A-DCH code
channel, thereby reducing the code
channel overhead and power load
consumption of the A-DCH. The F-
PDCH can be used only when the
WRFD-010652 SRB over HSDPA
feature is enabled. As long as this feature
is enabled, the F-DPCH and enhanced F-
DPCH are available.
N/A A-DCH using transmission PS services are carried on HSDPA

format 1*0 when carrying channels, and the downlink R99 channel
only SRBs (A-DCH) carries only 3.4 kbit/s SRBs.
The transmission format of the SRB is
fixed at 1*0 so as to reduce the power
load consumption of the A-DCH.
N/A Blind detection started on PS services are carried on HSDPA

the A-DCH when the A- channels, and blind detection is started
DCH carrying only SRBs when the downlink R99 channel (A-
DCH) carries only 3.4 kbit/s SRBs. The
overhead of the downlink TFCI is
reduced as a result.
The gain provided by this function is
noticeable only when the A-DCH uses
transmission format 1*0.

WCDMA RAN
N/A CQI adjustment for small The CQI value is reduced during the
data packet services with a initial data transmission of small data
large BLER packet services, thereby reducing the
BLER.
3.4 Implementation
Features and functions involved in this solution do not cause negative gains on each other, that
is, they are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, all earlier mentioned features and functions can
be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document.
3.4.1 Common Channel Solution

be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document.
For details about the enhanced fast dormancy function and corresponding activation steps, see
Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature Parameter Description.
For how to optimize state transition parameters, see State Transition Feature Parameter
Description.
For how to adjust multicarrier networking policies, see UMTS Multi-Carrier Solution Guide.
3.4.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH

State
be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document
in Table 3-5.

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 4 List of Features Involved in Solution
4 List of Features Involved in Solution
Feature ID Feature Name Introduce Reference Document

d in…
WRFD-020500 Enhanced Fast RAN12.0 Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature

Dormancy Parameter Description
WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced RAN11.0 Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature

CELL_FACH Parameter Description
WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced RAN13.0 Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature

CELL_FACH Parameter Description
NA State transmission RAN12.0 State Transition Feature Parameter

parameter Description
optimization
NA Multi-carrier RAN12.0 UMTS Multi-Carrier Solution

networking policy Guide
adjustment
WRFD-140216 Load-based Uplink RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Target BLER Description
Configuration
WRFD-140215 Dynamic RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Configuration of Description
HSDPA CQI
Feedback Period
WRFD-010712 Adaptive RAN13.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Configuration of Description
Traffic Channel
Power Offset for
HSUPA

WCDMA RAN

d in…
WRFD-140222 Adaptive RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Adjustment of Description
HSUPA Small
Target
Retransmissions
WRFD-140202 Control Channel RAN14.0 Control Channel Interference

Parallel Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter
Cancellation (Phase Description
2)
WRFD-171203 Uplink Control RAN17.0 Uplink Control Channel OLPC

Channel OLPC Feature Parameter Description
WRFD-150236 Load Based RAN15.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Dynamic Description
Adjustment of
PCPICH
WRFD-150235 DPCH Maximum RAN15.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Power Restriction Description
WRFD-150230 DPCH Pilot Power RAN15.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Adjustment Description
WRFD-010686 CPC - DTX / DRX RAN11.0 HSPA Evolution Feature

Parameter Description.
WRFD-010652 SRB over HSDPA RAN10.0 HSDPA Feature Parameter

Description
NA Received total RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

wideband power Description
(RTWP) reduction
for SIB7
NA RTWP protection RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

Description
NA Outer loop power RAN14.0 Power Control Feature Parameter

control (OLPC) fast Description
decrease
NA Channel quality RAN15.0 HSDPA Feature Parameter

indicator (CQI) Description
adjustment for small
data packet services
with a large BLER

WCDMA RAN

d in…
NA A-DCH using RAN15.0 Radio Bearers Feature Parameter

transmission format Description
1*0 when carrying
only SRBs
NA Blind detection RAN15.0 Radio Bearers Feature Parameter

started on the A- Description
DCH when the A-
DCH carrying only
SRBs

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations Full Name
A-DCH Associated Dedicated Channel
AMR Adaptive Multirate
BLER Block Error Rate
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
CQI Channel Quality Indicator
DCCC Dynamic Channel Configuration Control
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DTX BE Discontinuous Transmission Best Effort
E-DPCCH Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel
E-DPDCH Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel
HS-DPCCH High speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
FPD Feature Parameter Description
EFD Enhanced Fast Dormancy
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HSPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
IC Interference Cancellation
OLPC Outer Loop Power Control

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations Full Name
PO Power Offset
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PS Packet Switched
RACH Random Access Channel
RAB Radio Access Bearer
RLC Radio Link Control
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRC Radio Resource Control
RTWP Received Total Wideband Power
SCRI Signaling Connection Release Indication
SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio
TFCI Transport Form Combination Indicator
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide 6 Reference Documents
6 Reference Documents
1. 3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"
2. 3GPP TS 25.211, "Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channels (FDD)"
3. 3GPP TS 25.306, " UE Radio Access capabilities "
4. 3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall
description"
5. 3GPP TS 25.321, "Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification"
6. UMTS Signaling Storm Solution
7. State Transition Feature Parameter Description
8. Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature Parameter Description
9. Enhanced Combined Services Feature Parameter Description
10. Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description
11. HSUPA Data Channel Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description
12. Control Channel Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description
13. Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature Parameter Description
14. Power Control Feature Parameter Description
15. HSPA Evolution Feature Parameter Description
16. HSDPA Feature Parameter Description
17. Flexible Power Control for Uplink Low Data Rate Transmission Feature Parameter
Description
18. Uplink Control Channel OLPC Feature Parameter Description


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WCDMA RAN

UMTS Small Data Packet Storm

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1

3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

4 List of Features Involved in Solution......................................................................................22

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

1 About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

1.3 Change History

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

2.2 Application Scenarios

2.3 Overall Solution

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

l Common Channel Solution

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.1 Scenario Description

3.2 Solution Purpose

3.3 Solution Description

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

3.3.1 Common Channel Solution

3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-1 List of features involved in the common channel solution

Feature ID Feature Name Introduc Reference Remarks

WRFD-0205 Enhanced Fast RAN12.0 Enhanced Fast None

WRFD-0106 Downlink RAN11.0 Enhanced Recommended

WRFD-0107 Uplink Enhanced RAN13.0 Enhanced Recommended

NA State transmission RAN12.0 State Transition None

NA Multi-carrier RAN12.0 UMTS Multi- None

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

UE Type FD UE or State Transition

UE that sends the SCRI Yes The UE switches to the CELL_FACH/

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

UE Type FD UE or State Transition

Table 3-3 Optimization of state transmission parameters

Category Parameter Recom Default Value

BEH2FTVMPTAT D1000 D1000

BEH2FTVMTIMETOTRIG D1280 D5000

D2FTVMPTAT D1000 D1000

D2FTVMTIMETOTRIG D1280 D5000

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

Category Parameter Recom Default Value

F2D BeF2HTvmThd D512 D1024

BeF2ETvmThd D256 D1024

Figure 3-1 An example of forced camping

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

Figure 3-2 An example of preferential camping

Figure 3-3 An example of random camping

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

Table 3-4 Camping strategy adjustment in a multi-carrier networking scenario

Current Optimization Strategy Remarks

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10

Current Optimization Strategy Remarks

Random The current camping strategy None

WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH

The Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH feature enables a UE in the CELL_FACH state to

WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH

Issue 01 (2014-10-15) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 11