FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

WELCOME: SPREADSHEET FOR FENDER DESIGN

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What this Excel Sheet does

This excel sheet calculates the berthing energy which the fenders of a berth need to resist when a vessel is berthing
It calculates both the Normal berthing energy (EN) and the Abnormal berthing energy (EA)
This berthing energy can then be utilised to select fenders for the particular berth

MD = Displacement of Vessel, VB = Berthing Energy, CM = Added Mass Coefficient,

CE = Eccentricity Coefficient, CC = Berth Configuration Coefficient, CS = Softness Coefficient, η = Safety Factor

Directions for Use

1. All the cells which require input are in the Worksheet 'Inputs' and have blue background. Some inputs are provided as drop down lists. User should select the one assplicable
2. Fill in the inputs in the Worksheet 'Inputs'
3. Once the 'Inputs' sheet is completed, the berthing energy will be automatically calculated in other worksheets. No other worksheet should be disturbed

Assumptions/Recommendations
1. When the berthing is without tug assistance, the berthing velocity is multiplied by a factor of 3 for favorable conditions, and by a factor of 2 for unfavorable conditions (based on Ref 3 below, Fig R40-1)
This may provide conservative values and should be used with caution. The user may, alternatively, input the berthing velocity as per his calculation
2. Velocity is assumed perpendicular to the berthing line
3. User should evaluate the berthing energy for a range of vessels expected at the berth. Fender suitable for bigger vessels may not be suitable for a smaller one

References
1. PIANC WG33 Guidelines for the Design of Fenders (2002)
2. Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems: BS 6349: Part 4 (1994)
3. Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures, Harbours and Waterways (EAU 2004)

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 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - INPUTS

FIGURE 1: VESSEL AND BERTH PARTICULARS FIGURE 2: TYPES OF BERTHING

General Particulars

Particular Symbol Value Units

Acceleration due to Gravity g 9.8100 m/s2
Density of Water ρwater 1025 kg/m3
Vessel Particulars (See Fig 1 on right)
Particular Symbol Value Units
Vessel Name Ship 1
Length overall LOA 250.00 m WD
Length between perpendiculars LBP 236.00 m
Breadth B 43.00 m
Draft at full load DL 15.10 m
Displacement at full load Disp 125000 MT
Berth Particulars
Particular Symbol Value Units
Type of berthing (See Fig 2) Side Berthing
Berthing condition (See Fig 3) Easy Sheltered
Tug assisted berthing? (See Fig 3)
For berthing without tugs, factors used are: No - favorable weath
3 x VB for favorable, 2.3 x VB for unfavorable conditions
Berthing speed (normal to berthing line) VB 0.240 m/s Get Estimate

Berthing angle (See Fig 1) - Default value 5 degrees α 5 degrees

Distance of point of contact from Bow (See Fig 1) x 78.67 m
Available Water Depth (See Fig 1) WD 17 m
Berth Configuration (See Fig 4) Solid Structure
Fender Particulars
Particular Symbol Value Units
Calculate Berthing Energy!
Fender Hardness (Hard or Soft?) Hard
FIGURE 3: BERTHING CONDITIONS FIGURE 4: BERTH CONFIGURATION

Factors used for Berthing Without

Tugs:
For favorable weather: 3.0
For unfavorable weather: 2.3
 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - ADDED MASS FACTOR CM

FIGURE 1: CALCULATION METHODS FOR ADDED MASS FACTOR

Added Mass Factor

Particular Symbol Formula Value Units

Vessel Full Laden Draft DL 15.10 m
Vessel Length between Perpendiculars LBP 236.00 m
Vessel Breadth B 43.00 m
Vessel Displacement Disp 125000.00 MT
Vessel Block Coefficient CB D / (LBP x B x DL x 1.025) 0.80
Type of Berthing Side Berthing
Water Depth WD 17.00 m
Underkeel Clearance KC WD - DL 1.90 m
KC/DL ratio KC/DL 0.13
Added Mass Factor from PIANC Method CM1 See Fig 1 1.78
Added Mass Factor from Shigeru Ueda Method CM2 1 + (π x DL)/(2 x B x CB) 1.69
Added Mass Factor from Vasco Costa Method CM3 1 + 2 x DL/B 1.70

Final Added Mass Factor CM Max of Cm1, Cm2 and Cm3 1.78
Method adopted PIANC
 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - ECCENTRICITY FACTOR CE

FIGURE 1: CALCULATION OF ECCENTRICITY COEFFICIENT (BS-6349(4))

Eccentricity Factor

Particular Symbol Formula Value Units

Vessel Full Laden Draft DL 15.10 m
Vessel Length between Perpendiculars LBP 236.00 m
Vessel Breadth B 43.00 m
Vessel Displacement Disp 125000.00 MT
Vessel Block Coefficient CB D / (LBP x B x DL x 1.025) 0.80
Type of Berthing Side Berthing
Berthing angle (See Fig 1) α See Inputs sheet 5 degrees
Distance of point of contact from Bow x See Inputs sheet 78.67 m
2 2
Distance of point of contact from Center of Mass R √{(LBP/2 - x) + (B/2) } 44.83 m
Angle between line joining point of contact to
γ 90o - α - sin-1(B/2R)
center of mass and the velocity vector 56.34
Radius of Gyration of Ship K (0.19 CB + 0.11) x L 61.65 m
Eccentricity Coefficient CE See Fig 1 0.76
* For end berthing, CE = 1.0
 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - BERTH CONFIGURATION FACTOR CC

Berth Configuration Factor

Particular Symbol Formula Value Units

Type of Berthing Side Berthing
Vessel Full Laden Draft DL See Inputs sheet 15.10 m
Water Depth WD See Inputs Sheet 17.00 m
Underkeel Clearance KC WD - DL 1.90 m
KC/DL ratio KC/DL 0.13
Berthing angle (See Fig 1) α See Inputs sheet 5 degrees
Berth Configuration See Inputs sheet Solid Structure
Berth Configuration Factor CC For PIANC method, Cc = 1 1.00

FIGURE 1: CALCULATION OF BERTH CONFIGURATION FACTOR

 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - SOFTNESS FACTOR CS

Softness Factor

Particular Symbol Formula Value Units

Berthing Type Side Berthing
Fender Hardness (Hard or Soft?) See Inputs sheet Hard
Softness Factor CS See Fig 1 0.90

FIGURE 1: SOFTNESS FACTOR

(HARD)

(SOFT)
 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY EB

Berthing Energy

Particular Symbol Formula Value Units

Displacement of Vessel MD 125000.00 MT
Berthing Velocity VB 0.24 m/s
Added Mass Coefficient CM 1.78
Eccentricity Coefficient CE 0.76
Berth Configuration Coefficient CC 1.00
Softness Coefficient CS 0.90
Normal Berthing Energy EN 0.5 x MD x VB2 x CM x CE X CC x CS 4386.88 kJ
Safety Factor (for abnormal cases) η 2
Abnormal Berthing Energy EA EN x η 8773.75 kJ

FIGURE 1: BERTHING ENERGY CALCULATION

 FENDER DESIGN - BERTHING ENERGY

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