UNIT 5

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

WE USE PRESENT PERFECT IN ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST AND THEY CONTINUOS IN
THE PRESENT

AUXILIARY: HAVE (I, YOU, WE AND THEY) HAS (HE, SHE AND IT) + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB

TIME EXPRESSIONS SUCH AS: SINCE - FOR - JUST - AGO – LATELY- YET - ALREADY - NEVER - EVER
– RECENTLY- ALL DAY- THIS YEAR.

WE USE FOR WITH A PERIOD OF TIME, FOR EXAMPLE: FOR A FEW DAYS, FOR HALF AN HOUR, FOR
TWO YEARS, FOR TWO HOURS.

WE USE SINCE WITH THE TIME WHEN THE ACTION STARTED, FOR EXAMPLE: SINCE LAST YEAR,
SINCE JUNE 8, SINCE I MET YOU, SINCE MORNING, SINCE WERE OR WAS A CHILD.

WE USE ALREADY TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION THAT HAS BEEN COMPLETED BEFORE WE
EXPECTED. IT´S NORMALLY USED IN AFFIRMATIVE BUT IT CAN ALSO BE USED IN INTERROGATIVE.
EXAMPLES: WE HAVE ALREADY HAD LUNCH / HAS THE CLASS ALREADY BEGUN?

WE USED YET TO TALK ABOUT AN ACTION THAT HASN´T BEEN COMPLETED, BUT WE EXPECT IT
TO HAPPEN. IT´S USED IN NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES. EXAMPLES: HAVE THEY
ARRIVED YET? / SHE HASN´T EATEN ANYTHING YET.

WE USE JUST TO TALK ABOUT ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED RECENTLY. EXAMPLE: DAN AND KELLY
HAVE JUST HAD A BABY GIRL (IT MEANS THE BABY WAS BORN A FEW DAYS AGO). Use to talk about
an action that hen completed before we

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB. EXAMPLES:

MARY HAS WORKED IN THE COMPANY FOR SIX YEARS

THE NEW CHAIN STORES HAS OPENED THE DOORS TO THE PUBLIC SINCE MORNING

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ HAVE / HAS + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB. CONTRACTION:

HAVEN´T / HASN´T. EXAMPLES:

I HAVEN´T EXCHANGED MY CUPONS YET

THE PRESIDENT HAS JUST ARRIVED FROM SPAIN

INTERROGATIVE: HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB? EXAMPLES:

HAVE THEY WRITTEN SEVERAL BOOKS?

SHORT ANSWERS: YES, THEY HAVE / NO, THEY HAVEN´T

WHEN WE WANT TO ASK FOR SOME EXPERIENCES WE USE HAVE YOU EVER? EXAMPLES:

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN CANADA? YES, I HAVE/ NO, I HAVEN´T

HAS HE EVER FLOWN A PLANE? YES, HE HAS OR NO, HE HASN´T

HAVE YOU EVER REPRESENTED YOUR COMPANY IN SOME EVENT? YES, I HAVE / NO, I HAVEN´T
Rewrite the following sentences twice, using SINCE and FOR: Example:

I haven’t seen you. (Christmas / 3 days)

a) I haven’t seen you SINCE Christmas.

b) I haven’t seen you FOR 3 days.

1. We’ve been here. (An hour / 4 o’clock)

a) …………………………………………………………………………

b) …………………………………………………………………………

2. She hasn’t spoken to me. (2 weeks / last week)

a) …………………………………………………………………………

b) …………………………………………………………………………

3. They’ve lived in this street. (1970 / a long time)

a) …………………………………………………………………………

b) …………………………………………………………………………

4. I haven’t had time to do it. (Last Monday / a few days)

a) …………………………………………………………………………

b) …………………………………………………………………………

5. We haven’t bought a new one. (Ages / many years)

a) …………………………………………………………………………

b) ………………………………………………………………………….
WHAT ARE PHRASAL VERBS?

1. A phrasal verb is a verb + a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning different

from the original verb. Examples:
look up – consult a reference book (look a word up in a dictionary)
look for – seek (look for her ring)
to get together – to meet (Why don´t we all get together for lunch one day)

2. Some phrasal verbs are transitive. A transitive verb can be followed by an object.

Example: I made up the story. "STORY" IS THE OBJECT OF "MAKE UP"

3. Some phrasal verbs are intransitive. An intransitive verb cannot be followed by an

object.
Example: He suddenly showed up. "SHOW UP" CANNOT TAKE AN OBJECT

4. Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable. The object is placed between the verb
and the preposition.

Example: She looked the phone number up.

The teacher always looks my shoulders over in my exam

5. Some transitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. The object is placed after the
preposition.

Example:
I ran into an old friend yesterday.
They are looking into the problem.

6. Some transitive phrasal verbs can take an object in both places.

Examples:
I looked the number up in the phone book.
I looked up the number in the phone book.

I picked the book up

I picked up the book

7. WARNING! Although many phrasal verbs can take an object in both places, you must
put the object between the verb and the preposition if the object is a pronoun.

Examples:

I looked it up in the phone book. CORRECT

I looked up it in the phone book. INCORRECT

She picks her children up at the school every day. CORRECT

They picked all books up on the table. CORRECT
EXERCISE IN CLASS:

HOMEWORK: FILL IN THE BLANKS USING THE WORDS IN THE BOX BELOW

Across down in into on out over up

1.- I wake ___________ at 6:00 am., but usually stay in bed until around 6:30. I´m not a
morning person.

2. - Our car broke _______ in the desert between Los Angeles and Las Vegas. We were
stuck on the side of the road for two hours before the tow truck arrived.

3. - Wow, the speed limit here is 55 miles per hour I think you need to slow ________.

4. - To apply for a driver´s license, please fill ________ this form and proceed to line B for
the eye exam.

5. - The environmental activists were standing by the side of the road handing _________
leaflets to protest the construction of the new beach hotel. They urged the people to help
the sea turtle nesting grounds of Florida.