Contents

Chapter 1 :- Introduction

Chapter 2 :- Free body diagram & equilibrium

Chapter 3 :- Trusses & frames

Chapter 4 :- Friction

Chapter 5 :- Virtual work

Chapter 6 :- Rectilinear & curvilinear motion of the particle

Chapter 7 :- Kinetics of a particle

(a) Work & energy

(b) Impulse & momentum

Chapter 8 :- Impact : collision of elastic bodies

Chapter 9 :- Kinetics of Rigid body

(a) Force & acceleration

(b) Work & energy

 All rights reserved

Copyright @ 2018 , by AGA publication. No part of

this publication may be reproduced , stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means , electronics mechanical , photocopying,
recording or otherwise , without either the prior
written permission of the publisher.

Piracy of book is crime !

Stop doing book piracy Stop doing book piracy

Q. Mass MA = 25 kg rests on a smooth inclined plane of angle 450. It is
connected to a another mass MB = 50kg by a string as shown in fig. if the 2
masses are released from rest determine their velocities after the mass MB
descends a distance of 0.5 m.
Sol:-

MA MA

MA MAg sin450
MB

450 MAg
0.5 m

MBg

Applying work energy principle :-

For block A , work done = change in kinetic energy
U1-2 = T2 –T1
1
- MAg x sin450 x 0.5 = x MA x v2 – 0
2

For block B, U1-2 = T2 –T1

1
MBg x 0.5 = x MB x v2 - 0
2

Work – Energy principle for system of particle :-

∑ U1-2 = ∑ (T2 –T1)

1 1
[- MAg x sin450 x 0.5 + MBg x 0.5 ] = x MA x v2 + x MB x v2
2 2
1 1
[-25 x 9.81 x sin450 x 0.5 + 50 x 9.81 x 0.5] = x 50 x v2 + x 25 x v2
2 2

V = 2.05 m/sec

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A force of 500 N is acting on a block of mass 50 kg resting on a horizontal
surface as shown in figure . Determine its velocity after the block has travelled
a distance of 10 m . Assume the coefficient of friction b/w the block and
surface to be 0.5.
Sol. Fsin300 F = 500N
W W

300
Fcos300

10 m
μR

R
∑Fy =0
W-R-FSin300 = 0
R= 50 x 9.81 – 500Sin300
R= 240.5 N

First method
∑ Fx = ma
Fcos300 – μR = 50 x a
a = 6.25 m/sec2

v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 x 6.25 x 10
Second approach
V = 11.185 m/sec Similar question also solved by work energy principle

W.D = change in kinetic energy

1
Fcos300 x 10 – μRx10 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 - 0
2
1
500cos300x 10 – 0.5 x 240.5 x 10 = x 50 x v2
2
3127.627 = 25 x v2

V = 11.185 m/sec

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A particle of mass m starts from rest at A and slides down a track AB and
then enters a vertical loop of radius r at B. What should be the minimum
height h at the starting point of particle so that it may loop the loop without
𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
falling off the track at C. [Hint for the particle not to fall off at c, = 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 ]
𝒓𝒓
Sol.
A

C
h
r

So first we have to see the actual process according to question and for this
click on the below link ,

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Q8JZCu4gjclsx7BMGfoztElE5spvJn0t/view?usp=sharing

So as you can see that in the video the ball gaining some velocity at the
end of position B , from transferring P.E energy at A to K.E at B so for
calculating the velocity at B , we have to apply either energy
conservation or work – energy principle b/w state A & state B

Applying conservation of Energy b/w A & B

EA = EB
1
mgh = x m x vB2
2
vB = 2𝑔𝑔𝑔
SHUBHAM SINGH
 So at B ball having some K.E due to this it reaches the position C
and also complete the loop ,

mvc2
At point C (without falling off the track )
𝑟𝑟
centrifugal force = weight of the block
mvc2
𝑟𝑟 = mg
mg

vc = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔

You can also see the actual working of the ball at C So click on the
given link
https://drive.google.com/file/d/104D5GfPuHZi_K4kWg5xEB-mJDgOjxJB8/view?usp=sharing

So for calculating the height h , we have to apply conservation of

energy b/w state B & C

Applying conservation of energy b/w B & C ,

EB = EC
1 1
x m x vB2 + 0 = mg x 2r + x m x vc2
2 2

1 1
x m x vB2 = mg x 2r + x mx g x r
2 2
m x vB2 = 5mgr
m x 2gh = 5mgr

h = 2.5 r

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A car of mass 1500 kg is uniformly is accelerated. Its speed increases from
50 km/ hr to 75 km/ hr after travelling a distance of 200 m . The resistance to
the motion of the car is 2 % of the weight of the car. Determine (a) maximum
power required (b) power required to maintain a constant speed of 75 km/hr.
Sol.
FR
a

200 m
 FR is resistance to the car

V22 = V12 + 2as

(752 - 502) x (5/18)2 = 2 x a x 200

a = 0.6028 m/sec2

Resistance to the car , FR = 2 % of weight of the car

FR = 0.02 x 1500 x9.81
FR = 294.3 N

(a) Maximum power required,

Net force =Force required to accelerate the train + Force required to overcome the resistance
Net force = m x a + FR
= 1500 x 0.6028 + 294.3
= 1198.5 N
Max. power = net force x velocity
5
= 1198.5 x 75 x
18

P= 24.96 KW

(b) Power required to maintain constant speed ,

P = Fresistance x V

5
P = 294.3 X 75 X
18

P= 6.13 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A train weighing 2300 KN moves up a inclined plane 1 in 100. The train
starts from rest and moves with a of constant acceleration against a frictional
resistance of 10 N per KN of the weight of the train. It attains a maximum
speed of 30 km/hr in a distance of one kilometre . Determine (a) maximum
power required (b) power required to maintain the speed of 30 km / hr.

a
θ = 0.5729 degree

2300cosθ
2300
θ

v2 = u2 + 2as

Force (resistance) =
10𝑁𝑁
𝑋𝑋 2300 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 v2 = 02 + 2 x a x 1000
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
30× 5 2
FR = 23 KN ( ) = 2000 x a
18

a = 0.0347 m/sec2

(a) Max power required = net force x velocity

Net force = force required to overcome gravitational force + force to overcome resistance
+ force to accelerate the train
= 2300 x sinθ + 23 + m x a
2300
= 2300 x sin(0.5729) + 23 + x 0.0347
9.81
= 54.132 KN

5
Max power required = net force x velocity = 54.132 x 30 x
18

POWER = 451.1 KW

(b) Power required to maintain the speed of 30 km / hr,

Net force = force to overcome gravitational force + resistance force
= 2300 x sin (0.5729) + 23
= 23 + 23 = 46 KN

5
Power to maintain speed = 46 x 30 x
18

POWER = 383.3 KW

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A flexible chain PQ of length is held on a smooth table with portion h
overhanging as shown in fig Calculate the velocity with which the chain will
leave the table if released from rest. Assume that chain is inextensible and
weight ω per unit length.
l-h
A B
State 1
h/2
C.G
h

A B
State 2
l l/2
C.G

 Choosing the horizontal surface AB as a reference position.

 Let velocity of the chain when the last link leave the point B be v.
 P.E. of the chain = As the different link of the chain are a the different height
wrt the reference position AB we have to find P.E by integration. Which in
fact equal to the P.E of the mass of the entire chain situated at a height
equal to the height of C.G of the chain.
 K.E. = 0 (entire chain is at rest)

Applying conservation of energy, b/w state 1 & state 2

E 1 = E2
( P.E + K.E )1 = ( P.E + K.E )2

SHUBHAM SINGH
 ( P.E + K.E )1 = ( P.E + K.E )2

ω ℎ 1 ω ω 𝑙𝑙
- xgx xh+0 = x x v2 x l - xlx xg
𝑔𝑔 2 2 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔 2

−ω ω ω
x h2 = x v2 x l - x l2 x g
2 2𝑔𝑔 2𝑔𝑔
ω ω ω
x l2 - x h2 = x v2 x l
2 2 2𝑔𝑔

𝑔𝑔 𝑣𝑣2
x (l2 – h2) =
2𝑙𝑙 2

𝑔𝑔
v= x (l2 – h2)
𝑙𝑙

NOTE =>
weight
mass = 𝑔𝑔

 {L-h} having no P.E why bcoz the displacement and mass are
perpendicular to each other.

 For finding centre of gravity go through the Example 4.2 .

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. Two collars A and B each of mass M can slide on a frictionless bar. The
collars are initially L meters apart and are connected to a block C of mass 3M as
shown in fig . If the block C is released from rest determine velocities with
which the collars collide. [ hint final velocity of the block C is zero and the
collars do no work ].
Sol.
State 1

M M
L

L 600 L
𝐿𝐿 3
2

3M

State 2
V V
M M

L
L

3M

NOTE->
𝐿𝐿 3
3M body will move downward to a distance of ( L - ) before coming into rest.
2

M body having a velocity V before & after it is collide.

Initial velocity of M , 3M mass = 0

Final velocity of only 3M mass = 0
SHUBHAM SINGH
 Applying work energy principle b/w state 1 & 2

work done = change in kinetic energy

U1-2 = T2 –T1

𝐿𝐿 3 1 1
3M x ( L - )xg = x M x V2 + x M x V2 + 0 + 0
2 2 2

0.402 L x g = V2

V= 0.402 L x g

NOTE :-

Mass M is not doing any work why bcoz M and displacement are
perpendicular to each other. Bcoz work is a scalar quantity.
⃗ 𝑑𝑑⃗
𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹.
𝑊𝑊 = F.d.cosθ θ = 900

𝑊𝑊 = 0

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A simple pendulum OA when released from rest in the horizontal position
falls under gravity and strikes a vertical wall at B. If the coefficient of
restitution b/w the wall and the ball is 0.5, find angle θ defining the total
rebound of the ball.

A
L 0
State 1 1

2
B
State 2

Click on the link

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zTGZZ1UEitS6n2tmjD5BV7nbhXYumRi_/vi
ew?usp=sharing
As you can see in the video the ball move from state 1 to state 2 and gaining some K.E
energy by converting P.E into K.E , so for calculating the velocity at B we have to apply
conservation of Kinetic energy

Applying energy conservation b/w 1 & 2 , Step 1

E1 = E 2

(K.E + P.E)1 = (K.E + P.E)2

1
mgL = x m x v22
2

v2 = 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔

After gaining some velocity at B, it will strikes at B with wall and changes its velocity
and direction so it is a case of impact or collision so applying conservation of
momentum equation

SHUBHAM SINGH
Step 2

Applying conservation of momentum b/w Ball & surface of the wall,

𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

e=
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

vwall = velocity of wall before & after = 0 , mass of the wall = ∞

v2 = velocity with which this ball will strike the wall = 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
v’2 = velocity of the ball after striking
e = 0.5
vwall − vʹ2
e = v2 − vwall

0− vʹ2
e = v2 − 0

−vʹ
0.5 = v 2
2

0.5 x 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = - v’2

Step 3

After impact it will rebound to max height h but having further no K.E.
So applying conservation of energy b/w state 2 & 3

Applying conservation of energy b/w 2 & 3

E2 = E3
SHUBHAM SINGH
 0
L
1

Lcosθ
V

h
2

Applying conservation of energy b/w 2 & 3

E2 = E 3

(K.E + P.E)2 = (K.E + P.E)3

1
x m x (v21 )2 + 0 = 0 + mgh
2

1
x m x (0.5 x 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 )2 = mgh
2

L = 4L x (1 - cosθ)

θ = 41.41 0

NOTE:- So how we write (h = L – Lcosθ) so watch the fig.

thoroughly to clear your doubt it is the basic geometry .
0

L
Lcosθ

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A particle of mass m is attached to the end of an inextensible string of
length L is shown in fig . Determine the min. initial velocity that must be given
to the particle in the lowest position L so that it may swing to the position 2.
Sol.
V2
Position 2 Vmin = ?

L L

Datum
m Position 1 V1

Applying conservation of energy b/w state 1 & 2

(K.E + P.E)1 = (K.E + P.E)2

1 1
x m x v1 2 + 0 = x m x v2 2 + mg x (2L)
2 2

V12 = V22 + 4gL

As g & L are constant and for V1 to be minimum the value of V2 should
also be minimum.

mg T

at
at

T mg
an an

Position 2 Position 1

SHUBHAM SINGH
 For the position at 2

∑ Fy = man

v2 2 mg is constant
T + mg = m x 𝐿𝐿

v2 2
T + mg = m x 𝐿𝐿

For v2 to be minimum the T should be minimum so

T=0

v2 2
mg = m x 𝐿𝐿

v2 = 𝑔𝑔 𝐿𝐿

using equation (1)

V12 = V22 + 4gL
V12 = gL + 4gL

V1 = 5gL

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. Determine the constant force P required to give the system of the three
block A,B,C as shown in fig. attend a velocity of 3 m/s after moving 4.5 m from
rest. The coefficient of friction b/w blocks and the plane is 0.3 . Assume pulley
to be smooth.
Θ = 53.130
P
25
250N

1000N

500N
θ

P 25
250N

μ250
1000sinθ
N
500N
1000cosθ
μ500
1000N
N1

Applying work energy principle,

work done = change in kinetic energy

U1-2 = T2 –T1

P x 4.5 – μ x 250 x 4.5 – μ x 1000cosθ x 4.5 – μ x 500 x 4.5 - 1000sinθ x 4.5

1 1 1
= x 25 x 9 + x 100 x 9 + x 50 x 9 - 0
2 2 2

P = 1383.4 N

Work done always positive when the force and displacement are in same
direction.bcoz work is scalar quantity and has magnitude and a sign but no
direction.
SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A compressed spring as shown in fig is used to eject a tennis ball of
mass m . If the stiffness of the spring is k and it is initially compressed
by an amount δ find the velocity with which the ball will leave the
barrel . Neglect the friction. m
Sol.

Applying conservation of energy

E1 = E2
( P.E + K.E )1 = ( P.E + K.E )2
1 1
x k x δ2 + 0 = 0 + x m x v2
2 2

𝑘𝑘
v = δ
𝑚𝑚

NOTE :- mass of the disc having no P.E bcoz the weight mg and
displacement are perpendicular to each other

SHUBHAM SINGH
Q. A block of mass M resting at A on the surface of a smooth circular Cylinder
of radius r slides in a vertical plane as shown in fig, At point B it leaves the
cylinder and travels as a projectile hitting the horizontal plane at C . Find the
distance CD ?
A
M

B
θ
r
O
V

C D

For position at B
A
M
R
B rsinθ
θ
rcosθ

r
O θ an
V r at
Mg

C E D

Where, V = velocity at point B

Since body having curvilinear motion, that’s why there is both

tangential & normal acceleration.

Using the equation of dynamic equilibrium of the particle ,

∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = Mat

Mgsinθ = Mat
 ∑ 𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛 = Man

Mgcosθ – R = Man

But the block M will jump off at B & hit the ground so the reaction at B
when it jumps off is zero bcoz it losses the contact at B.

R=0

so Mgcosθ – R = Man

Mgcosθ = Man

an = gcosθ
𝑉𝑉2
𝑉𝑉2 an =
= gcosθ 𝑟𝑟
𝑟𝑟

V = rgcosθ

 Applying Energy conservation b/w state A & B

EA = EB

Energy at state A,

K.E = 0 , Initially at rest

P.E = Mg(2r)

EA = Mg(2r)

 Considering bottom surface as a Datum / reference

Energy at state B,

1
K.E = x M x V2
2

P.E = Mg( r + rcosθ )

1
EB = Mg( r + rcosθ ) + x M x V2
2

EA = EB
1
Mg(2r) = Mg( r + rcosθ ) + x M x V2
2

1
Mg(2r) = Mg( r + rcosθ ) + x M x rgcosθ
2

2
cosθ =
3

Θ = 48.18 degree

 Now using the concept of projectile motion

A
M

Vcosθ B r

θ θ θ

O
V
Vsinθ

C E D
 Using newton’s Equation of motion , (In vertical direction)
1
s = ut + x at2
2

s = r + rcosθ , u = Vsinθ , a = g (falling under the effect of gravity)

Putting all the values in equation ,

1
s = ut + x at2
2
1
( r + rcosθ ) = Vsinθ x t + x g x t2
2

1
( r + rcosθ ) = rgcosθ sinθ x t + x g x t2
2

5
rx = 9.81 𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟 𝑥𝑥 cos(48.18) x sin48.18 x t + 0.5 x 9.81 x t2
3

5
4.9t2 + 1.9t x 𝑟𝑟 - x r = 0
3

This is a quadratic equation so apply the formula

−𝑏𝑏 ± 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑎
5
Where, a = 4.9 , b = 1.9 𝑟𝑟 , c = - x r , x = t
3

t = 0.42 𝑟𝑟
So motion in horizontal direction ,

CE = Vcosθ x t

CE = rgcosθ cosθ x 0.42 𝑟𝑟

CE = 0.716r

For horizontal direction, s = ut + 0.5at2 but as we know in projectile motion horizontal

direction velocity does not changes so for uniform velocity V = constant , the acceleration
is zero,( a=0 ) that’s why s = ut .
 But, CD = CE + ED

CD = 0.716r + rsinθ ∴ ED = rsinθ

CD = 0.716r + rsin48.18

CD = 1.46r

You can also solve the same problem by projectile motion concept.

𝑔𝑔
y = (tanθ)x - ( )x2
2𝑣𝑣 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2θ
2

Put the value in equation ,

y = r + rcosθ , x = CE , v = rgcosθ , θ = 48.18 degree

From this you will get ,

CE = 0.716r

But, CD = CE + ED

CD = 0.716r + rsinθ

CD = 0.716r + rsin48.18

CD = 1.46r
 It gives me a great pleasure to present the solution of the unsolved
problem of Engineering mechanics.
 The solution is basically helpful for the undergraduate student and
for those who are preparing UPSC and Gate exam.
 I would very much appreciate suggestions and comments for the
improvement.

For complete E – book ,

Contact at
Email id :- singhshubham2846@gmail.com