Ember Leifheit

Dr. Cassel

Eng 101-13

5 November 2018

Annotated Bibliography

I am researching why people do or do not want to be in a romantic long-distance

relationship. My research will look over whether or not long-distance relationships are healthy,

intimate, how people in long distance relationships and people out of long distance relationships

feel about the topic, and if it is worth the time; will it last?

Social Media in relationships

Billedo, Cherrie Joy. “The Use of Social Networking Sites for Relationship Maintenance in Long-

Distance and Geographically Close Romantic Relationships.” CyberPsychology, Behavior &

Social Networking, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Mar2015, p152-157.

Social networking sites (SNS) play an important role in geographically close romantic

(GCR) relationships long-distance romantic relationships (LDRR). There have been studies over

the use of social media in GCRR but not as much in LDRR; this journal entry is a study to learn

more about social media in LDRR. This study compares social media use in GCRR to social

media use in LDRR (via partner surveillance, involvement and jealousy.) An online survey

involving young adults on Facebook in a romantic relationship was taken to see which used

social media sites for maintenance in their relationships. “The results showed that participants

who were in LDRR reported higher levels of relational maintenance behaviors through SNS than

participants who were in GCRR” (Abstract.) LDRR uses SNS more because it is their only way
of quick communication and involvement with each other; LDRR uses SNS more for “partner

surveillance.”

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The writers purpose for writing this journal is to show a study that focuses more on long-

distance relationships rather than close relationships. The audience for this piece would be

general; for people who are curious. Since this journal was published in an academic journal and

was published only a few years ago it affects the information given, it is more reliable.

There are multiple authors of this journal entry: Cherrie Joy Billedo, Peter Kerkhof, and

Catrin Finkenauer. These authors are credible because where it lists their names it also has “PhD

and MA” beside the names, which shows that they are scholarly. The authors do this study

themselves. They give their methods for the study, walking us step by step through the study,

which is how I know the information is adequate. This source is reliable since it came from an

academic library.

This journal entry will help me with my research paper because it studies the main form

of interaction in long-distance relationships. It explains how the use of social media in long-

distance relationships can create surveillance over ones’ partner and create jealousy, this could

be one of the reasons why someone would not want to be in a long-distance relationship.

Absence Makes the Communication Grow Fonder

Jiang, L. Crystal and T. Hancock, Jeffery. “Absence Makes the Communication Grow

Fonder: Geographic Separation, Interpersonal Media, and Intimacy in Dating Relationships.”

Journal Of Communication, Vol. 63, 2013, p 556-577.

Most people assume it is challenging to maintain the intimacy of a long-distance

relationship (LD). Studies show that LD have equal or more trust and satisfaction than close
relationships and intimacy is enhanced. This study tested an intimacy-enhancing process between

long-distance and close relationships; showing us how the relationships are maintained. The

journal states “LD partners strategically oriented their restricted communication to be more

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disclosive” – “the proportional increase of positive interactions led to more idealized perceptions

of partner disclosures” (page 572). Although people in LD relationships are farther away, the

lengthy texts and longer phone calls result in more talks about feelings and events that occur

when one’s partner is away, make up for not being able to communicate face to face and can

even make the relationship more intimate than closer relationships.

The purpose for this journal entry is to show people who are not in long-distance

relationships that those types of relationships are as equal or better than close relationships. The

author is writing for people who are curious over this topic. The fact that this was in 2013 makes

it a reasonably good information and that it was found in an academic library.

The authors of this entry are Jiang, L. Crystal and T. Hancock, Jeffery. These authors are

credible because they show us where they studied and received their degrees from. We know the

authors have credible information for this entry because they cite their many sources. This source

is reliable because it is found in an academic library and is a scholarly journal.

This information will help me for my research paper because it gives reasons why long-

distance relationships are not bad. This will help my argument, against those who do not want to

be in a long-distance relationship, that long-distance relationships are worth the risk.

Long-distance Relationship Blog

Blackmon, Stella. “Oh, Long-Distance Relationships.” A Cup Of Jo, 11 May 2016,

https://cupofjo.com/2016/05/long-distance-relationship-tips/comment-page-1/ Accessed

31 Oct. 2018.

Long-distance relationships come with up and downs. This blog contains short stories of

people in long-distance romantic relationships. They ask for advice with their relationship;

explaining why they do not like the relationship or are having issues with it. One says “My

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boyfriend and I have been in a relationship for over three years, long distance the entire time.

We’ve seen each other 5 times and this winter” it then goes on to explain the issues they are

having with the relationship; not seeing each other for a long period of time.

The purpose of this blog is for people to ask for advice on their long-distance

relationship. It is also used to give back advice from the blog owner. The blog author wants

people to see what those in long-distance relationships feel like and what they go through. It is

different than those in close relationships and the author wants the readers to know that. The

audience is people who want insight. This information is recent which makes it reliable.

The authors of this blog are Michelle and Frank (of www.livingfromadistance.com). The

author does not necessarily write all of the information, but they are credible because the two

have been in a long-distance relationship before. This source is not scholarly but it gives good

insight on what other in long-distance relationships think.

I can use this blog with my research paper because it is kind of like an interview, it gives

me information from many different people. I can use this information to see what other people

in long-distance relationships feel and the problems they have. It gives me reasons as to why

some people do not want to be in a long-distance relationship.

Cox, Emily. Personal interview. Nov. 2018.

Emily Cox is a single, female teenager. I asked Emily Cox whether or not she would

want to be in a long-distance relationship. Cox says “I wouldn’t want to be in one but I would do

it if I felt the person was worth it. No one sits here like the relationship I want in life is long-

distance, but if I was with someone and they moved away and I wanted then forever I would do

it.” Cox then explains how she thinks it would be hard to keep a long-distance relationship going

but if you love somebody then, you love somebody.

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My purpose in doing this interview is to see what other people think about being in a

long-distance relationship, who are not already in one. The audience for this is general. This

interview was recently done so it is more credible.

The interviewer is myself, Ember Leifheit, and the person interviewed is Emily cox. This

source is credible because I conducted this myself.

I will use this research for my paper because it gives me information on what a young,

single teenager thinks about a long-distance relationship. It tells me that people do not want to be

in a long-distance relationship because they believe it would be too hard to keep it going. This

interview also shows me that even though people believe it would be hard, they would do it if it

was for someone they loved very much.

The upside to long-distance relationships

Pomerance Berl, Rachel. “The Upside of Long-Distance Relationships.” U.S News & World

Report, 26 August, 2013, https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-

wellness/articles/2013/08/26/the-upside-of-long-distance-relationships. Accessed 29 Oct. 2018.

 Long-distance relationships idealize each other more than close relationships do, some

ask if that is healthy or not. Suzanne Phillips, a Long-island based psychologist, said “You would

never get through a marriage if you didn’t idealize a little; Couple that really work- they hold a

kind of special idealization of their partner” although long-distance idealize more about each

other, in the end it is healthier because you should think the best of your partner. Long-distance

relationships also share the same amount of intimacy, or more, than close romantic relationships.

Although distance can hurt and challenge a relationship, it can also strengthen and enhance the

connection between partners.

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The purpose of this article is to inform people about long-distance relationships and the

good things about being in one. The audience is general, people interested in the topic.

The author of this article is Pomerance Berl, Rachel. This article is credible

because they cite their sources throughout the article. This is also a news article which is mostly

credible.

I can use the in my research paper because it explains why long-distance relationships are

good. I will use this to argue with those who believe that long-distance relationships are

unhealthy and not worth being in.