DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... viii

BAB I TEKNIK RESERVOIR

1.1. Pembentukan Minyak Bumi......................................................... 1
1.2. Sifat Fisik Batuan Reresvoir ......................................................... 2
1.3. Sifat Fisik Fluida Reservoir .......................................................... 10
1.4. Kondisi Reservoir ......................................................................... 19
1.4.1 Tekanan Reservoir .............................................................. 19
1.4.2 Temperatur Reservoir ......................................................... 22
1.5. Jenis-Jenis Reservoir .................................................................... 23
1.5.1 Jenis Reservoir Berdasarkan Perangkap ............................. 23
1.5.2 Jenis Reservoir Berdasarkan Mekanisme Pendorong ......... 24
1.5.3 Jenis Reservoir Berdasarkan Fasa Fluida ........................... 33
1.6. Penentuan Cadangan ................................................................... 42
1.6.1 Jenis Reservoir Berdasarkan Perangkap ............................ 42
1.6.2 Jenis Reservoir Berdasarkan Fasa Fluida ........................... 43

iv
BAB II TEKNIK PEMBORAN
2.1 Jenis – Jenis Pemboran & Jenis-jenis Sumur ............................... 48
2.1.1 Jenis - Jenis Pemboran ........................................................ 48
2.1.2 Jenis – Jenis Sumur............................................................. 50
2.2 Sistem Peralatan Pemboran .......................................................... 50
2.2.1 Hoisting System .................................................................. 50
2.2.2 Rotating System .................................................................. 52
2.2.3 Circulating System ............................................................. 54
2.2.4 Power System ..................................................................... 57
2.2.5 BOP System ........................................................................ 58
2.2.6 Rig Pemboran ..................................................................... 61
2.3 Lumpur Pemboran ........................................................................ 63
2.3.1. Fungsi Lumpur Pemboran .................................................. 64
2.3.2. Jenis Lumpur Pemboran ..................................................... 64
2.3.3. Sifat Fisik Lumpur Pemboran ............................................. 66
2.4 Peralatan Pengeboran ................................................................... 69
2.4.1. Drill Pipe............................................................................. 70
2.4.2. Drill Collar .......................................................................... 70
2.4.3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe .................................................... 71
2.4.4. Bit ....................................................................................... 71
2.5 Casing........................................................................................... 72
2.5.1. Fungsi Casing ..................................................................... 72
2.5.2. Klasifikasi Casing ............................................................... 73
2.5.3. Properti Casing ................................................................... 74
2.6 Semen Pemboran .......................................................................... 75
2.6.1. Fungsi Penyemenan ........................................................... 75
2.6.2. Sifat Fisik Semen pemboran .............................................. 75
2.6.3. Komposisi Semen pemboran ............................................. 80

v
 2.6.4. Jenis – jenis Penyemenan .................................................. 82
2.6.5. Klasifikasi Semen pemboran ............................................. 84
2.7 Well Control ................................................................................. 85
2.7.1. Tekanan Formasi ............................................................... 87
2.7.2. Indikasi Kick ...................................................................... 89
2.7.3. Penanggulangan Kick ........................................................ 89
2.7.4. Penyebab Kick ................................................................... 90
2.7.5. Masalah Pemboran............................................................. 93

BAB III TEKNIK PRODUKSI

3.1 Perkiraan Produktivitas Reservoir .............................................. 95
3.1.1 Productivity Index .............................................................. 95
3.1.2 Inflow Performance Relationship ....................................... 97
3.2 Sistem Analisa Nodal ................................................................... 98
3.3 Permasalahan Produksi ................................................................ 100
3.4 Metode Produksi .......................................................................... 103
3.4.1. Sembur Alam (Natural Flow) ............................................. 103
3.4.2. Artificial Lift ....................................................................... 103
3.5 Enhanced Oil Recovery................................................................ 107
3.5.1 Efektifitas EOR ................................................................... 109
3.5.2 Metode EOR ....................................................................... 109

BAB IV PENILAIAN FORMAS

4.1 Metode Penilaian Formasi ........................................................... 113
4.1.1 Coring ................................................................................. 113
4.1.2 Measureent While Drilling................................................. 113
4.1.3Mud Logging ........................................................................ 114
4.2 Logging ......................................................................................... 114

vi
 4.2.1 Wireline Logging ............................................................... 115
4.2.2 Logging While Drilling ...................................................... 115
4.3 Jenis-jenis Logging ....................................................................... 116
4.3.1 Resistivity Log ................................................................... 116
4.3.2 Gamma Ray Log ................................................................ 116
4.3.3 Density Log ........................................................................ 118
4.3.4 Neutron Log ....................................................................... 118
4.3.5 Sonic Log ........................................................................... 119
4.3.6 Caliper Log......................................................................... 121
4.4 Open Hole Logging ...................................................................... 121
4.5 Casing Hole Logging ................................................................... 122
4.6 Interpretasi Log ............................................................................ 122
4.6.1 Interpretasi Kualitatif .......................................................... 123
4.6.2 Interpretasi Kuantitatif ........................................................ 123

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 124

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 125

vii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

1.1 Kurva Permeabilitas Efektif Untuk Sistem Minyak dan Air .................... 6

1.2 Hubungan Tekanan dan Faktor Volume Formasi Minyak ........................ 11

1.3 Hubungan antara Tekanan dan Kelarutan Gas dalam Minyak.................. 12

1.4 Hubungan antara Tekanan dan Viskositas Minyak ................................... 13

1.5 Gas Cap Reservoir..................................................................................... 27
1.6 Solution Gas Drive .................................................................................... 28
1.7 Gravitation Drive Reservoir ...................................................................... 31
1.8 Combination Drive Reservoir ................................................................... 32
1.9 Diagram Fasa ............................................................................................ 33
1.10 Diagram Fasa dari Black Oil Reservoir ................................................... 38
1.11 Diagram Fasa dari Volatile Oil Reservoir ................................................. 39
1.12 Diagram Fasa dari Retro Grade Gas Reservoir ......................................... 40
1.13 Diagram Fasa Dry Gas Rreservoir ............................................................ 41
1.14 Diagram Fasa Wet Gas Reservoir ............................................................. 42
2.1 Hoisting System ........................................................................................ 51
2.2 Rotary Table .............................................................................................. 54
2.3 Top Drive System ..................................................................................... 54
2.4 Circulating System .................................................................................... 55
2.5 Peralatan Sirkulasi ..................................................................................... 57
2.6 Prime Mover ............................................................................................. 58
2.7 BOP System .............................................................................................. 59
2.8 Drill String ................................................................................................ 70
2.9 Bit ............................................................................................................. 72
3.1. Skema Water Coning ................................................................................ 102
3.2. Skematik Enhanced Oil Recovery............................................................. 108

viii
4.1 Wireline Logging ...................................................................................... 112
4.2 Metode Evaluasi Formasi .......................................................................... 114
4.3 Log SP pada Formasi dengan Resistivity Tinggi ...................................... 116
4.4 Respon Gamma Ray pada Batuan Sedimen .............................................. 117

ix