Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
CONTENTS
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 3
Objective and context 3
Goals ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Background information – 200 words .......................................................................................................... 4
Comparative Table 6
Recommendations 8
Reconstructed unit 0
Assessment schedule 10
Concept map 13
Assessment task 14
Marking criteria 16
References 25
2
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Objective and context
This report has been designed for the PDHPE faculty at St Clair High School, in Western Sydney. St Clair
High School is a comprehensive co-educational school which has specific structured classes for PDHPE. The
population of the school is highly diverse, with 36% of students being from a language background other
than English (LBOTE), and with 8% of students at the school identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
individuals. Coupled with this, the socioeconomic status of the school is mixed, with just over half (53%) of
parents in the bottom quarter of earners. The school is relatively even in terms of female to male students,
with 52% to 48% split respectively.
Originally, this unit was taught in a Year 8 PDHPE classroom with a mix of high and low streamed students
at St Clair High School. This class consisted of a mixture of students from various cultural and socioeconomic
backgrounds, however this had no impact on the students from this class.
Reference: Statistics and tables above are retrieved from the MySchool Website. Retrieved from:
https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/41842
3
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Goals
Address the literacy and numeracy concerns of the unit.
Refine the resources used to increase the focus and use of literacy and numeracy in the unit.
Encourage students to facilitate their own learning, both in class and after school hours.
Urge students to read widely on the topic for their own benefit.
Provide effective differentiation to meet the needs of all learners in the classroom.
Encourage student creativity, foster an attitude of flexibility within the classroom, incorporate such
Recommendations
The following recommendations have been made under the proviso that the classroom follows a similar
structure to that which is already in place. The context within the classroom will be provided in background
information below. The recommendations within this report focus primarily upon updating the unit of work
to reflect a more relevant modern generation of learners. The report will demonstrate how this is done
through the incorporation of differentiation, addressing literacy and numeracy concerns, refinement of
resources and the improvement of sequencing and assessment for the unit.
Improve sequencing by including a scope and sequence that demonstrates structure and
Improve the explicit instruction of both literacy and numeracy, ensuring these are scaffolded for
learning needs.
Improve the differentiation in the classroom to ensure all students are given the opportunity to
learning, whilst relating back to the general capabilities stated in the Australian Curriculum and the
Background information
PDHPE is formatted in a specific way at St Clair High School. Year 8 to year 10 PDHPE classes are separated
into boys only and girls only classes, this is due to the context of the subject matter, including sexual health.
It is deemed more appropriate this way and also beneficial as students are able to feel safe in their class
4
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
environment. Female teachers are placed on both male and female classes, whilst male teachers are placed
on male classes only, this is done to ensure the intellectual and emotional safety of female students. This is
done by taking 2 regular classes and separating boys from girls, they then meet up in their corresponding
PDHPE lesson.
The unit of work attached to this report was taught to a year 8 class made up of females, the class was
relatively small with 20 girls streamed from both the top and bottom classes. Year 8 PDHPE students
participate in 1 theory lesson and 2 practical lessons per fortnight. Although the unit attached to this report
is only based on 6 lessons, it covers an entire 10 week term. Periods run for 75 minutes at St Clair High
School. As this particular class consisted mainly of top students, they were only interested in completing
work individually. This is contrast to the year 9 classes who always want to work in groups.
5
Comparative table
Area of Strengths of the area of Concerns of the area of Suggested Changes to counteract Research support for the changes
consideration consideration consideration concerns suggested.
The unit includes subject specific Lacks corresponding Provide students with a glossary and In education, scaffolding refers to a variety
language information regarding list of definitions in the first lesson of instructional techniques used to move
Literacy terminology students progressively toward stronger
understanding and, ultimately, greater
independence in the learning process.
(Great Schools Partnership, 2014).
Generation sex video enhances No concerns regarding Incorporate more visual and audio to Visual information provides a different
student learning, exposes them to visual literacy. assist learners context and helps student to understand the
relevant and alarming content. contribution to the meanings created in
Relates to life beyond the classroom within the learning area
or school. Students begin to use (ACARA, n.d.).
analysis and investigative skills.
Representative of the content within
the unit
There no strengths within the Numeracy is missing in its Incorporate statistics into the Applying and interpreting statistics in the
numeracy capability entirety activities that specifically focus on real world is a key skill for all people in the
Numeracy STI’s and BBV’s data-rich 21st century
(Neill, 2012 p.10)
Inquiry based activities such as STI Resources are lacking Incorporate a range of resources Plans to use a range of activities to support
Critical and activity including ICT, textbooks, worksheets, student learning
Creative videos, podcasts to provide a variety Uses a range of activities to support student
Thinking of perspectives enabling students to understanding
critically evaluate and explore (NESA, 2018)
alternatives and perspectives
Freedom in activities Inquiry questions are Enable students to produce work Ultimately, the author argues that although
missing that suits their learning needs best teachers cannot always challenge the
Provide flexibility in activities dominant education system, they can utilise
Incorporate higher-order inquiry suggested tools to improve their practice.
questions Flexibility in activities and assessment tasks
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
7
Recommendations
To reconstruct the unit using Understanding by Design principles to improve threshold concepts,
develop assessment and sequencing to achieve improved inquiry-based teaching and learning.
The original unit outline had limited information, missing activities, no scope and sequence and no concept map which
lacks the detail needed for the PDHPE faculty on how this unit should be structured and the way it fits into the teaching
sequence for the year. Little detail is also provided in terms of developing student skills and student engagement in
learning and achieving academic outcomes.
A clear scope and sequence, teamed with a concept map can provide direction as well as acting as a tool tailored to
meet students learning needs. Arafeh (2016) suggests that best practice in curriculum development and implementation
requires that discipline-based standards or requirements embody both curricular and programme scope and sequences.
Arafeh (2016) also states that scope and sequences are essential for student success and developmental processes, yet
these processes are not always at play in higher education.. Clear timeframes are important to give teachers and
students structure and direction (Arguedas, Daradoumis, & Xhafa, 2016). This resulted in a full reworking of the unit,
including a scope and sequence, concept map and assessment task. The focus of the restructured unit plan was to
encourage pair and groups work to facilitate social and personal capability.
Pair and group work links to the cooperative learning method, and involves student participation in group work to assist
the learning of others (Okur Ackay, & Doymus, 2014). The cooperative learning model is targeted towards student’s
participation by encouraging the development of communication skills. Cooperative learning is a branch of active
learning, it allows students of all capabilities to use peer learning and teaching as a means to increase self-confidence
(Okur Ackay, & Doymus, 2014). Active learning has been defined as applying course material that aids increased student
contact and learning through the process of talking through and writing about (Pedersen, 2010). This has also been
done with the reworking of the unit outline as shown in the redesign below this report.
The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework (McTighe & Wiggins, 2012) was used to ensure the relevancy of the
program. Backward mapping was used from the final assessment through the program to ensure the teacher was aware
of the final goal and the learning that needed to take place to achieve this. Skill development becomes relevant to the
learning outcomes stated within the program, students will also have the ability to acknowledge the skills they are
learning and where that fits into the assessment task.
Student choice is an important aspect of inquiry-based learning. Flexibility is important to keep student interested in
their learning. This program has adopted an attitude that encourages students to complete their work in the best
possible way for their understanding. Some tasks have specific requirements, while other tasks allow students to include
content they see as relevant and use their time effectively to incorporate quality into their work.
Threshold concepts relevant to the PDHPE learning area are also incorporated through the UbD. These are evident in
the changes to activities seen in the comparative table and redesigned unit of work. Such concepts include reflective
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
learning, understanding portrayal and perception in contextual situations and analysing the differences in language
specific to the PDHPE learning area. These threshold concepts enable students to move into higher order thinking and
start to facilitate their own learning which is highly encouraged for the assessment task.
This unit of work aims to reflect a more inclusive and flexible program. The inclusion of pair, group and class work
facilitates a cooperative and collaborative learning environment with set boundaries and criteria to develop student
learning and improve student understanding and performance.
9
Reconstructed unit:
Assessment schedule:
Assessment Schedule
Topic details
Topic outline Scheduled Suggestions for enriching resources or experiences
assessment tasks
TERM 1: SEXUAL HEALTH https://kidshelpline.com.au/teens/tips/building-
respectfulrelationships/
Students look at the issues surrounding sexuality and identity in
relationships. Students also devise expectations of positive relationships, http://growingrespect.org.au/what-we-do/overview/
discuss consequences and protection measures in order to make
informed and healthy choices. Students also identify positive and healthy http://thelookout.sites.go1.com.au/sites/thelookout.sites.g
relationships and the expectations to live safely in society. o1.com.au/files/Building-Respectful-Relationships.pdf
https://www.mensline.org.au/improving-relationships/isyour-
relationship-healthy
http://www.relationships.org.au/relationshipadvice/relationship-
advice-topics/developing-positive-andrespectful-
relationships/what-makes-a-good-relationship
TERM 2: DRUG FREE FOR LIFE http://au.reachout.com/all-about-bingedrinking
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Students focus on alcohol and illicit drugs the risks associated with its http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/
use. Students implement harm minimisation practices and appropriate Topic Test/Class Quiz factsheets/the-facts-about-binge-drinking-webfact-sheet
decision making to avoid unsafe situations and enhancing the ability to Term 2, Week 5
lead healthy lives. http://www.tacklingbingedrinking.gov.au/
internet/tackling/publishing.nsf/content/
undertheinfluence
TERM 3: MENTAL HEALTH & RESILIENCY http://www.mindhealthconnect.org.au
/teenagemental-health
Students learn about the nature of health. The importance of mental Resilience
health. Students look at definitions of mental health and strategies to Presentation http://teenmentalhealth.org/
address misunderstandings about mental health problems. Students Term 3, Week 8
examine relationship between all dimensions of health and support https://www.headspace.org.au/
structures and services. Also includes strategies for increasing resiliency
TERM 4: LIVING SAFELY & HEALTHY https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/
guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating
Students learn about and research the safety factors that affect young
people in our society. A focus is placed on beach, sun safety and Topic Test/Class Quiz http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/
procedures around the home. Students undertake emergency care Term 4, Week 5 training/first-aid
situations and implement risk management and protective factors.
Students also identify the risks and consequences associated with http://nutritionaustralia.org/national/
unhealthy eating and harm reduction factors. resource/healthy-eating-pyramid
11
Scope and sequence
Term 1 Term 2 Term 3 Term 4
Week 1 STI’s DRUGS OVERVIEW MENTAL HEALTH HOW SAFE?
MODIFIED GAMES CROSS COUNTRY/ATHLETICS TOUCH/OZTAG/FITNESS BASKETBALL
Week 2 MODIFIED GAMES ATHLETICS/FITNESS TOUCH/OZTAG/FITNESS VOLLEYBALL
Week 3 STI’s ALCOHOL TYPES OF ILLNESSES ACCIDENTS
AQUATICS/MOD GAMES ATHLETICS / FITNESS TOUCH/OZTAG/FITNESS VOLLEYBALL
Week 4 AQUATICS/MOD GAMES ATHLETICS/FITNESS CONNECTEDNESS VOLLEYBALL
INTERNATIONAL SPORTS
Week 5 STI’s BINGE DRINKING RESILIENCY BEACH SAFETY
AQUATICS/FITNESS AFL/SOCCER INTERNATIONAL SPORTS STRIKING/CATCHING SPORTS
Week 6 AQUATICS/FITNESS AFL/SOCCER INDIGENOUS SPORTS STRIKING/CATCHING SPORTS
Week 7 STI’s SAFE DRINKING STRATEGIES/SUPPPORT ROAD SAFETY
AQUATICS/FITNESS AFL/SOCCER STRUCTURES STRIKING/CATCHING SPORTS
INDIGENOUS SPORTS
Week 8 AQUATICS/FITNESS AFL/SOCCER BASKETBALL EMERGENCY CARE
STRIKING/CATCHING SPORTS
Week 9 STI’s EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL PROJECT HEALTHY LIFESTYLE/SUN EXPOSURE
AQUATICS/CROSS COUNTRY DANCE BASKETBALL BEACH ACTIVITIES/GAMES
Week AQUATICS/CROSS COUNTRY HARM MINIMISATION/DECISION MAKING NUTRITION
10 DANCE BASKETBALL BEACH ACTIVITIES/GAMES
Concept map:
13
Assessment Task:
4.6 – A student describes the nature of health and analyses how health issues may impact on young
people
4.7 – A student identifies the consequences of risk behaviours and describes strategies to minimise
harm
4.12 – Assesses risk and social influences and reflects on personal experience to make informed
decisions
4.15 – Devises, applies and monitors plans to achieve short-term and long-term goals
Task (Compulsory)
Use your classroom knowledge and the internet to conduct research on AIDS.
What is AIDS?
What does AIDS stand for?
How is it contracted?
How can it be prevented?
Is there a cure?
What can be done to increase awareness about AIDS?
These questions are to guide you when you begin your research.
You may wish to include extra information that you think might be necessary, helpful or
interesting.
You may wish to decorate it however you like, as long as the information is visible and readable.
Checklist:
Have I included?
A definition of AIDS
15
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Marking Criteria:
Grade: ___________
COMMENT:___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
16
Redesigned unit outline:
Sexual Health
Active Outcomes 1
Influences on Sexual choices
Pages 189-191
-Peer influences
-Family How girls attract
-Media and Culture love and attention
-Reliable Sources article (handout)
Worksheet: What’s
Class discussion about influences on sexual choices. expected of me in
Think about the following questions:
18
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Extension activity: Write a 1000 word essay on why you believe sexual choice is important. What
led to your beliefs? Would you consider changing your view depending on certain
circumstances, for example, age, context, situation, etc.?
Suggested Activity
How girls attract love and attention article
OR
Attitudes towards Sexual Health
You will be given a scenario, you need to determine the attitudes towards sexual health
that is relevant to that scenario.
Differentiation: Present your work how you feel best represents your view within the
context of the scenario. This could include recording a podcast, storyboarding,
illustrations, anime/comic strip, create a video, etc.
19
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
-Dependability
-Consideration
Graffiti activity: the words SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS will be written on the centre of the
whiteboard. You are encouraged to think about what you believe sexual relationships are. Share
your thoughts on the board. There is no right or wrong in this activity, you may feel
uncomfortable sharing your ideas, but this is a great way to learn from each other.
Continue class discussion based off the information on the board, encourage questions and
healthy discussion.
Homework: Draw 2 circles (half a page each), make sure they overlap in the centre. In one circle,
write, in the other responsibilities. Fill in these circles with your ideas about rights and
responsibilities in sexual relationships. It should look like this
Rights Responsibilities
20
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Questions
1. Describe the symptoms of Hepatitis B
2. Explain the link between Hepatitis and Drug Use
3. Explain what sort of sexual behaviour places people at risk of contracting blood borne
viruses like hepatitis
21
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
teens making up nearly a quarter of all new cases. Young people are having sex earlier than the
parents did.
Why do
COMPULSORY HOMEWORK TASK: following the video, you are required to conduct your
research about the rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Australia. You must include
statistics
22
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Students are encouraged to take notes to complete in their workbook. All work will uploaded to
the class google drive at the end of the lesson for future reference.
Make sure you do not spend too much time on decoration, I am looking for quality not quantity.
This means, I want you to use reliable, trustworthy sources to find your information. Keep it clear
and concise – think LESS IS MORE. If you feel you have time to decorate, by all means decorate it
how you wish.
HOMEWORK: Look up statistics for each STI. Create a graph that displays these statistics. (This
will help for your assessment later in the term). Make sure to colour code the graph properly, it
can be hand-drawn or computer generated. Try not to overcomplicate the graph, keep it nice
and simple so that it is easy for anyone to understand. You will hand this in next lesson.
-sexually -identify Lesson 4 Jump into PDHPE
transmitted behaviours that During this lesson the following topics will be covered. There are suggested activities included 2nd Edition Book 1
infections, assist in Stage 4 page 268-
270
blood-borne preventing STIs, HIV/AIDS
viruses and BBVs and
OR
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS and Graffiti activity: HIV/AIDS
explore the Write HIV/AIDS on the board. Come up to the board and share your knowledge of Personal
interrelationship HIV/AIDS. Development,
with drug use Health and Physical
Design a t-shirt activity Education Third Ed
Lees and Lees
Use the t-shirt template handout to create a shirt that helps raise awareness about
Pages 60-62
HIV/AIDS.
The t-shirt must be bold, bright and have a message. Active Outcomes 1
What will your message be. Pages 193
The class will vote on the best design. (snapshot Activity)
That t-shirt will be sold around the school to raise money for a HIV/AIDS charity.
T-shirt template
worksheet
We will be pinning the t-shirt designs around the room.
Conclusion: take a post-it note, list your favourite parts of the lesson. Place it at the door when
you leave.
23
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Suggested questions
1. You are at an unsupervised party. Make a list of things to avoid in order to minimise risk
of a negative outcome.
2. A young woman decides to catch a train alone, late at night. Describe how she is
increasing her risk of a negative outcome.
EXTENSION: Consider the first four dot points from a male and female perspective. How do your
answers differ? Is this a problem? WHY/WHY NOT?
Key:
24
References
i
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA). (n.d.). General Capabilities.
capabilities/
https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/41842
Arafeh, S. (2016). Curriculum mapping in higher education: a case study and proposed content
scope and sequence mapping tool. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 40(5), 585-
Arguedas, M., Daradoumis, T., & Xhafa, F. (2016). Analyzing the effects of emotion management
Fakomogbon, M. A., & Bolaji, H. O. (2017). Effects of collaborative learning styles on performance
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=21
052bd0-ecf2-475a-9089-9edb5dea7ec7%40sessionmgr4006
https://www.edglossary.org/scaffolding/
McTighe, J., & Wiggens, G. (2012). Understanding by design framework. Retrieved from
http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf
Taylah Cooke 17237534 Word Count: 1819 words (total, excluding reconstructed unit)
Krakouer, J. (2015, July 14). Making school meaningful for Indigenous learners. Teacher magazine.
for-indigenous-learners
Neill, A. (2012). Developing statistical numeracy in primary schools. Set: Research Information for
http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA305662000&v=2.1&u=
uwsydney&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w#
New South Wales Education Standards Authority (NESA). (2018) Proficient teacher support
https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/wcm/connect/de55f844-57d5-418b-9f62-
96f31be98dda/NESA+Proficient+Teacher+-
+Examples+of+Practice.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=
New South Wales Education Standards Authority (NESA). (n.d.). Effective feedback. Retrieved from
https://syllabus.nesa.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/effective-feedback/
Okur Akcay,N., & Doymus,K. (2014). The effect of different methods of cooperative learning model
17-30. DOI:10.12973/tused.10124a.
26