Generators creating electricity are usually supplied by combustion engines powered by diesel or

gasoline. These portable generators are known to be noisy and not fuel efficient. And because
combustion engines powered by gasoline and diesel are known to be substantial in weight and size, it
made it difficult to be transported from one location to another. Because of this, Harry Schoell invented
“Heat Regenerative Mini-Turbine Generator”, “a compact, lightweight steam turbine that is connected to
a central shaft that drives a high pressure pump, a high efficiency generator and a blower. An igniter then
burns fuel exiting a fuel injector to generate heat in a cyclone combustion chamber. Water pumped
through coils is heated in the combustion chamber to produce steam energy to drive the turbine.
Exhaust steam is directed through a centrifugal condenser having an arrangement of flat plates to
condense the steam to a liquid state. The turbine drives the generator at a high rpm, through the
connected shaft, to electric power.”

*Schoell, H. (2008). U.S. Patent Application No. 11/895,667.

The development made by Kobe Steel for the issue of saving energy for power plants because of the
changes made of steam in flow, a small volume, or low-pressure, is called “Micro Steam Energy
Generator” composed of series of small screw generators. These generators enable the effective use of
steam in small plants, saving more energy and reducing CO2 emissions. They have an improved power
output in the range between 132kW and 160kW.

*KUWABARA, H., NISHIMURA, M., MATSUKUMA, M., & MATSUI, T. (2010). Micro Steam Energy
Generator. KOBELCO Technology Review, 16-22.

“The need to harness the indigenous resources in the country has been the aspiration of the
government to minimize the reliance on imported oil wherein the price is continuously volatile in the
world market.” By the year 2015, Fronda together with Marasigan and Lazaro gathered data to back up
their study of “Geothermal Development in the Philippines: The Country Update” where as indicated
there that because of the continuous increasing of oil price in the Philippines, the Energy Development
Corporation (formerly the PNOC-Energy Development Corporation), Chevron Geothermal Philippines
Holding, Inc. (formerly Philippine Geothermal Production Company, Inc.), and the National Power
Corporation (NPC) under the regulatory system, the Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1442, governs the
exploration, development and utilization of the remaining untapped geothermal potential

*FRONDA, A., MARASIGAN, M., &LAZARO, V. (2015) Geothermal Development in the Philippines: The
Country Update

The study of Christine Marie R. Espartinez and Fidel S. See, “The BacMan Geothermal Field, Philippines:
Geochemical Changes and Challenges After Twenty Years of Operation”, from the title itself, is based on
the twenty (20) years of plant operation where steam supplied from the field was somehow kept. The
reason being due to “highly variable resource extraction rate and continuous long-term full extraction
was not attained”. With the rehabilitation of the BacMan Power Plants and other expansion projects, the
problems that will arise in the future may be expected with manageable preventions and the steam
supply will then be harnessed and used effectively.

*Espartinez, CM., & See, F., (2015) The BacMan Geothermal Field, Philippines: Geochemical Changes and
Challenges After Twenty Years of Operation