PUSAT PERSEDIAAN SAINS & TEKNOLOGI

SB0014:
CELL DIVERSITY,
REPRODUCTION, ECOLOGY
AND DEVELOPMENT
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

NUR RAMZIAHRAZANAH JUMAT

 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER PAGE

1. CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE 2

2. CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLES 3

3. CELL DIVISION 4

4. PLASMA MEMBRANE AND MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES 5

5. MOLECULES OF LIFE I 6

6. MOLECULES OF LIFE II 7

7. INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGETICS 8

8. REPRODUCTION 9

9. GROWTH AND DEVELPOMENT 10

10. BIODIVERSITY 11

11. TAXONOMY 12

12. VARIATION 13

13. POPULATION GENETICS 14

14. ECOLOGY 15

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CHAPTER 1: CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

1. Briefly explain ‘cell theory’. (4 marks)

2. State 3 comparisons between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells and support your
answer with the aid of a diagram. (8 marks)

3. Briefly explain the reason why transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) are suitable
to be used to study the internal structure of cells? (2 marks)

4. State one type of vascular tissue and its function. (2 marks)

5. Compare between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. (4 marks)

6. Identify the following types of epithelial tissues: (4 marks)

2
CHAPTER 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLES

1. Figure bellow shows a plant cell.

A.
C.

B.

D.

a. Identify organelle A, B, C and D. (4 marks)

b. State the function of organelle A and B. (2 marks)

2. Cell wall is important for plant cell to provide support. Briefly explain how the
structure of cell wall related to its function? (2 marks)

3. Distinguish between plant cells and animal cells. (6 marks)

4. State one function of the centriole and lysosome found in animal cells. (2 marks)

5. Briefly explain the content of cytoplasm. (2 marks)

6. State the reason why rough endoplasmic reticulum appear rough under the electron
microscope and identify the process that takes place in the rough endoplasmic
reticulum. (2 marks)

3
CHAPTER 3: CELL DIVISION

1. Define the following:

a. Centromere (1 mark)

b. Chiasma (1 mark)

c. Tetrad (1 mark)

d. Chromatid (1 mark)

2. Describe the process of cytokinesis in plant cells with the aid of a diagram. (3 marks)

3. Briefly explain the reason on the different mechanisms between the cytokinesis in
plant and animal cells. (2 marks)

4. Name the type of cells that undergone mitosis and meiosis, respectively. (2 marks)

5. State the importance of meiosis to organism? (2 marks)

6. Compare between prophase in mitosis and prophase I in meiosis with the aid of
diagram. (6 marks)

4
CHAPTER 4: PLASMA MEMBRANE AND MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (10%)

Plasma membrane in a cell is known to be selectively permeable. Create an educational tool

which can help to explain the different methods of movements of molecules or substrates in
and out of cell by using the educational tool created.

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CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES OF LIFE I

1. Name the bonds that hold the water molecules together. (2 marks)

2. State three important roles of carbohydrate. (3 marks)

3. A student observed a water strider running across the surface of water in a pond.
Briefly explain the phenomenon based on the properties of water. (4 marks)

4. Compare between lactose and starch. (4 marks)

5. State the bond formed between glycerol and fatty acids. (1 mark)

6. State the reason why steroids are classified as lipids even tough steroids do not
contain fatty acids. (2 marks)

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CHAPTER 6: MOLECULES OF LIFE II

1. State the different types of RNA. (3 marks)

2. Briefly explain the difference between purine bases and pyrimidine bases with the aid
of diagram. (4 marks)

3. Differentiate between DNA and RNA. (6 marks)

4. State the reason why amino acids are known as amphoteric. (1 mark)

5. Name the bonds that hold the tertiary structure of protein. (3 marks)

6. Explain the effect of exposing enzymes to temperatures greater than 40oC. (4 marks)

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CHAPTER 7: INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGENTICS

1. Define the followings:

a) Energy (1 mark)

b) Bioenergetics (1 mark)

2. State the first law of thermodynamics and its formula. (2 marks)

3. Compare between exothermic and endothermic. (2 marks)

4. Briefly describe about spontaneous energy transformation. (3 marks)

5. Briefly describe catabolism and anabolism process by using maltose as starter

molecule. (4 marks)

6. Calculate G if the reaction carried out at pH 7, 250C with Keq value 2.23 x 105. Based
from your answer, determine the spontaneity of the reaction. (6 marks)

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CHAPTER 8: REPRODUCTION

1. Name the type of reproduction in Hydra sp. And Hibiscus sp. Identify how does hydra
reproduce? (3 marks)

2. Briefly explain double fertilization in angiosperms. (2 marks)

3. Name four stages of fertilisation in human. (4 marks)

4. Briefly explain how the secondary oocyte prevents the penetration of more than one
sperm. (2 marks)

5. State the production location for each of the following: (3 marks)

a. the egg cell

b. the fertilised egg

c. the fetus

6. Explain the roles of the following hormones during female menstrual cycle: (4 marks)

a. FSH

b. Estrogen

9
CHAPTER 9: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Identify one advantage and disadvantage of using dry mass as a measurement of

growth for plants. (2 marks)

2. Give one parameter to measure the growth of an animal. (1 mark)

3. Why does the growth rate rapidly increase during exponential phase in a sigmoid
growth curve? (2 marks)

4. State the growth pattern of a fish and briefly describe the growth pattern as stated.
(3 marks)

5. State the stages of development in vertebrates. (5 marks)

6. State a difference between the role of hCG and prolactin in female reproductive
processes. (2 marks)

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CHAPTER 10: BIODIVERSITY

1. State three importance of bacteria. (3 marks)

2. Describe the characteristics of fungi. (4 marks)

3. State the characteristic used to further classify vascular plants into distinct groups. (1
mark)

4. Jellyfish and Hydra are characterized as cnidarians. State the two basic body forms
of cnidarians and explain. (2 marks)

5. Compare between Class Amphibia and Class Aves. (4 marks)

6. List four animals in Malaysia that are recognized as endangered species based on
IUCN Red List. (4 marks)

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CHAPTER 11: TAXONOMY

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (10%)

WWF is an independent conservation organisation that works hard to promote harmony

between human beings and nature. As a taxonomist working in Universiti Malaysia Sabah
(UMS), you were given a chance to work together with WWF Malaysia to create awareness
in species conservation among the students in UMS. By using your knowledge in taxonomy,
create a campaign to promote awareness among the students on the endangered species in
Malaysia. The campaign must be captivating yet informative for the students.

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CHAPTER 12: VARIATION

1. Define the following:

a. Artificial selection (1 mark)

b. Outbreeding (1 mark)

c. Speciation (1 mark)

2. State three importance of variation. (3 marks)

3. Briefly explain how sexual reproduction can lead to variation. (2 marks)

4. Differentiate between continuous variation and discontinuous variation. (4 marks)

5. Describe disruptive selection with the aid of a diagram. (6 marks)

6. Discuss the effects of genetic drift. (4 marks)

13
CHAPTER 13: POPULATION GENETICS

1. Briefly explain the difference between allele frequency and genotype frequency. (4
marks)

2. Briefly explain the Hardy-Weinberg Law. (2 marks)

3. State the reasons why Hardy-Weinberg law and equation are not applicable in a
natural population. (4 marks)

4. The ability to taste PTC is controlled by a single gene T. In a particular population, it

was found that there are 70% tasters and 30% non-testers. Determine the dominant
allele frequency in the population. (2 marks)

5. In a controlled fertilisation of a type of flower, 166 out of 800 flowers are white
flowers. Red flowers in the population are dominant over the white flowers. Calculate
the genotype frequencies in the population. (4 marks)

6. Phenylketonuria is a genetic disease that causes mental retardation. In a population,

1 in every 10 000 newborns are affected with the disease. Determine the percentage
of individuals who are carrier of the disease. (6 marks)

14
CHAPTER 14: ECOLOGY

1. State four examples of terrestrial biomes. (4 marks)

2. Briefly explain the difference between a population and a community. (4 marks)

3. Differentiate between detritivores and saprotrophs. (4 marks)

4. Construct a food web with the following organisms: (4 marks)

Foxes, Rabbits, Mice, Grass, Snakes, Sparrows, Grasshoppers, Frogs, Hawks

5. Explain the ten percent law. (4 marks)

6. State two examples of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (2 marks)

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