FUZZY SETS

Lecture 2
Classical set and fuzzy set
Classical sets

A= { x  x > 6 }
Operations on Classical Sets
Classical sets
Basic definitions and
terminology

0 ≤ µA (x) ≤ 1
 Example 1: Fuzzy set with a discrete
nonordered universe
• X={Ankara, İstanbul, Kocaeli}
– The set of cities one may choose to live in
• C = “Desirable cities to live in”
– C : Fuzzy set
• C ={(Ankara,0.8), (İstanbul,0.9), (Kocaeli,0.6)}
0.8 0.9 0.6
• C= + +
𝐴𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑎 İ𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑏𝑢𝑙 𝐾𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑒𝑙𝑖
• The membership functions are subjective,
their values depend on the persons’ choice.
 Example 2: Fuzzy sets with a discrete
ordered universe
• X = { 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } : a set of numbers of
children a family may choose to have.
• A = ‘sensible number of children in a family’
• A = {(0, 0.1), (1,0.3), (2,0.7), (3,1),(4, 0.7), (5,0.3), (6,0.1)}
0.1 0.3 0.7 1 0.7 0.3 0.1
• 𝐴= + + + + + +
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0,8
Üyelik derecesi

0,6

0,4

0,2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Çocuk sayısı
Example 3: Fuzzy sets with a continuous universe

• X = R+: set of possible ages for human beings

• B = “about 50 years old”
• B = { ( x, µB (x)  x  X }

1
B  4
 x  50 
1

1  
 10 
0,8
Üyelik değeri

0,6

0,4

0,2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Yaş
Example 4: Linguistic values
 Important notes
• As understand from the previous examples,the
construction of fuzzy set depend on two things:
– 1. Identification of a suitable universe of discourse
– 2. specification of an appropriate membership
function.
• The specification of membership funcitons is
subjective.
• They are also nonrandomness.
– This is the primary difference between the study of
fuzzy sets and probability theory.
Representation of fuzzy sets

Discrete

Continuous
Fuzzy sets Operations
Properties of fuzzy sets
Definitions
 1
1
Core (Göbek)
Üyelik derecesi

Üyelik derecesi
0,5
0,5

Crossover points Göbek ve destek

0
0 1 3 4 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Support (Destek)
 Normal

Üyelik fonksiyonu
0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Normal olmayan

1
Üyelik fonksiyonu

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
definitions
definitions
• Open left, open right, closed
– IF limx→-∞µA(x) = 1 and limx→+∞µA(x) = 0 THEN open left
– IF limx→-∞µA(x) = 0 and limx→+∞µA(x) = 1 THEN open right
– IF limx→-∞µA(x) = 0 and limx→+∞µA(x) = 0 THEN closed

1.2
Sola açık Kapalı Sağa açık
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 SET-THEORETIC OPERATIONS

A, B'nin alt kümesidir.

B
0.8
Üyelik derecesi

A
0.6 y1 = pimf(x,[-2 5 6 11]);
y2 = 0.8*gaussmf(x,[2 5]);
plot(x,y1,x,y2);
0.4
axis([0 10 0 1.2])

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 – C=AUB or C = A OR B
– C(x) = max ( A(x), B(x) ) = A(x) V B(x)
AUB

A B
1

0.8 y1 = pimf(x,[0 2 4 8]);

Üyelik derecesi

y2 = gaussmf(x,[2 7]);
0.6 y3 = max(y1,y2);
plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3,'rx');
0.4
axis([0 10 0 1.2])

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 – C = A ∩ B or C = A AND B
– C(x) = min ( A(x), B(x) ) = A(x) Λ B(x)
A AND B

1
y1 = pimf(x,[0 2 4 8]);
y2 = gaussmf(x,[2 7]);
0.8 y3 = min(y1,y2);
Üyelik derecesi

0.6
plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3,'rx');
axis([0 10 0 1.2])
0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 NOT A

A
1
NOT A

0.8
Üyelik derecesi

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10