17 graph

1. b 18 iron on transfer
2. d 19. dtg printing
3. a 20 printmaking
4. b 21-22 famou
5. c 23 t shirts
6. F 24-25 principles of art
7. T
8. T Technology and Livelihood Education VI:
9. T INDUSTRIAL ARTS
10. F
11. tuba Lesson 1: Enhancing and Decorating Finished Products
12. xylophone
13. cello Success in marketing a product depends not only on its durability and
14. maracas functionality but also on its aesthetic appearance. It is important therefore to
15. flute maintain the goad quality of the product, not only on the quality of workmanship
16. soprano but also the enhanced appearance of the product through the decorations
17. timbre applied on its surface.
18. baritone
19. tenor Importance and Methods of Enhancing/Decorating Products
20. Alto 1. Improves the quality of the product.
21. form 2. Customers are easily attracted to a well-decorated product.
22. violin 3. It can entice customers to buy the product even with its face value.
23. mezzo soprano 4. It can increase sale.
24. bass 5. It can bring more profit.
25. bassoon
Methods of enhancing/decorating products include the following:
1 1. Sketching--freehand drawing on the surface of the product. By using
2 your creativity and imagination in the application of different colors you
3 can create a beautiful and attractive design on a product.
4 2. Shading--creating shades of lights and dark patterns in a composition
5f or design, thus creating illusions of space and distance. Shading can be
6t done through the proper use on colors of different hues, values, and
7f intensity.
8t 3. Outlining--a drawing in which only the contours of a product are seen,
9t thus emphasizing the shape of a design.
10 t 4. Carving--forming a design by cutting. Carving wood is one of the
11-15 processes involved in woodworking. The tool commonly used in carving
16 photo
 is the chisel. Use mallet in driving the chisel. This will prevent damage
to the chisels handle.
5. Smoothening--the process of removing lint and rough edges on wood.
This gives the surface of the wood a very fine texture. Tools used for
smoothening are sandpaper and a hand plane. Sandpaper comes in
varying textures from rough to fine. These are usually numbers:
numbers 60 to ISO are rough and numbers 250 to 1000 are smooth. If
the surface you will smoothen is rough, it is advisable to start using
number 60 sandpaper. If the surface you will smoothen is somewhat
smooth, you can use number 250 to further smoothen the surface.
A hand plane is a rectangular, wooden device measuring approximately
8 inches and 2 inches. It has a carved part at the center where the metal
blade is usually inserted and screwed to keep it in place.
Here are the steps in using hand plane:
1. Clear the Surface Of the
2. Position your wood before planning.
3. Adjust the blade of your hand plane according to the thickness of the
wood.
4. Position your hand plane by holding it firmly on both sides of the
handle of the plane.
5. Move the hand plane in a straight direction, giving it a firm but gentle
push forward.
6. Place evenly throughout. This can be done by moving the plane in a
straight direction and applying pressure as you move along. It may be
difficult at the start but as you go along, you will be able to establish
rhythm in your movement.
7. Occasionally check if the surface is evenly planed and if it is smooth
enough.
8. Repeat if necessary.
9. Always follow the direction of the grain of the wood. Do not go against
the grain of the wood for it may damage the blade of the hand plane.
Here are the steps in using sandpaper:
1. After using the hand plane, check if there are holes and cracks on the
wood.
2. Put filling in the holes and cracks. Allow to dry.
3. Prepare a small piece of and wrap the sandpaper around the wood.
4. Position the with sandpaper on the surface of the wood to smoothened.
Hold the sides firmly with your hand, then move the sandpaper back
and forth.
6. Finishing--a process of applying materials like paint. varnish, and
coloring materials to improve the of the project.
There are many ways or method use on how to decorate finished products.
Finishing materials are commonly used in decorating wood, bamboo, and
metal products. Some are listed below:
1. Fillers – these are applied on wood to fill up cracks, holes, and
grooves. There are two kinds of wood fillers:
a. Paste filler – It comes from silex, raw linseed oil, and turpentine. It
has colours such as natural, red, or golden oak.
b. Shellac – this is a kind of filler that dries up easily and is not
waterproof. It comes from lac gum diluted in alcohol. Shellac is
available in white or orange colour. White paste fillers are used to fill in
big cracks and grooves or wood.
2. Stains – The common wood stains used are oil stain, water stain, and
spirit stain which are named after the solvent used. Stains are sold in
different colours and shades. The easiest to apply on wood is oil stain.
The hardest one to apply is the spirit stain because it dries up easily.
3. Paint – A finishing material most commonly used on wood. Paint
prevents moisture on the wood which causes decay. Paint beautifies
wooden objects and makes them easy to clean.
4. Varnish – This is a transparent finishing material that comes from
gum, linseed oil, and resin. It is hard and shiny when dry and gives
sheen to the wooden project. Varnish is widely used in furniture and
upholstery making.
5. Enamel – this is kind of varnish with colour. Powdered colour pigments
are mixed with the varnish. it is used on wood that is not exposed to
the sun or rain because it easily fades. There are two kinds of enamel,
gloss and non-gloss. Gloss enamel gives sheen and has an attractive
effect on wood. Non-gloss enamel does not give any sheen, but it
beautifies wood.
6. Lacquer – is another kind of varnish made of melted cotton tinters,
gum, or chemicals. Like enamel, lacquer comes in different colours.
Painting procedure
 After smoothening, do the following: 12. If ever you get hurt or injured, immediately inform the teacher so that you
1. Prepare the type of paint you will use. can be given first aid treatment.
2. Stir the paint to attain the proper mixture. Use thinner if needed.
3. Use the right size of brush in applying paint.
4. Let the first coating of paint dry thoroughly before applying the second
coating
5. to achieve an even finish.
6. Re-apply paint, until you achieve the desired finish. Evaluating the project
7. Let it dry in open air. Evaluation- is the process of checking whether the project that you
8. Clean all brushes after use. have done follows the standards in making a good, quality product.

Steps in Making Project
1. Plan your project. Planning- involves thinking what to do and how to
go about making the project
2. Prepare the materials needed.
3. Follow your plan which consist of the sketch and the step-ny-step
procedure in doing it.
4. Work slowly but surely. This will allow you to work accurately and
efficiently
Health and safety measures
It is important to know the necessary precautions in order to have
successful project making.
1. Focus on the task.
2. Use working clothes or wear an apron. Make sure you wear something
comfortable to make it easier to move around and perform the task.
3. Prepare all materials, tools, and equipment required before starting the
project.
4. Place the equipment beyond the reach of younger children and keep your
things orderly.
5. Read and follow carefully instructions on the use of chemicals.
6. Use safe goggles to protect the eyes from harsh chemicals.
7. Use appropriate tools for the task.
8. Avoid leaving the containers of glue, varnish, rugby, and other liquids
uncovered.
9. Be careful in handling sharp objects in order to avoid injury.
10. Clean and keep the tools and equipment in their proper storage after
using them.
11. Clean wash your hands after working.
Marketting Bamboo, Wood, and Metal and other Fineished products.
Marketing the product includes promoting and selling the products.
Before selling the product, it should be in safe, durable and attractive
package.
*Packaging and labelling are usually considered a part of the overall
“marketing strategy” to further promote the product.
Packaging -
 is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for
distribution, storage, sale and use.
 is the activities of designing and producing the container for a product.
Labeling –
 is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the packaging or
on separate but associated label,
 Display of information about a product on its container, packaging or the
product itself.
*Technology –assisted and other means of product marketing
The following are the appropriate marketing strategies that can be
applied in selling enhanced or decorated finished products.
1. Print Media. Finished products can be marketed in print
advertisements such as newsmakers, magazines, brochures, and
flyers.
2. Product display. Finished products can be displayed and sold in
exhibits, markets and bazaars.
3. Internet marketing. This is promoting the finished products through
the internet, e-mail, and social networking sites. Consumers nowadays
spend most of their time surfing the Internet. Given the situation,
 entrepreneurs specifically use various social networking sites such as Wood (Palo China 1x5x10 ft) 160.00
Facebook and Instagram and other websites (e.g. OLXPhilippines, Sand paper (5 pcs/10 each) 50.00
Ayos ditto, Sulit) or applications (e,g. Viber, Facebook Messenger) to Nails (2” size-100.00/k) 50.00
reach their consumers. With the help of these websites and Varnish (1 bottle) 40.00
applications, entrepreneurs are able to post pictures of their products
Paint brush 20.00
for free by making a personal account. Transactions between the buyer
and seller may be done using chat, call, or text. Labor 25.00
Utilities 100.00
*Computing income from sales Total 445.00
A person or group who ventures into business has one ultimate goal: to earn
profit. The continued existence of the business is highly dependent on the Cost of Items: 445.00
following factors: Mark-up: 40%
 Ability to sell products and/or services and 445.00 x 0.4 = 178.00 ( Mark –up)
 Ability to keep operating costs and expenses down while maintaining Selling Price = 445.00 + 178.00 = 623.00
the quality of merchandize. No. of Cabinets sold = 10
Sales 6,230.00
The formula for computing business profit is as follows: Cost - 4,450.00
Profit = Sales-Expenses Profit 1,780.00

Profit is the amount earned from the sales of products and/or services after What are the steps in computing the selling price?
operating costs and expenses have been deducted. Sales is the amount of Discuss the proper procedure in computing the selling price.
money received from the customer in exchange for the product and/or service
provided and sold. Expenses include the amount spent to produce the Steps on how to get the selling price and the possible income.
product or undertake the service including the cost of:
 Materials and equipment Project: Beaded bracelet
 Labor
 Packaging and labelling 1. Add all the cost of materials plus cost labor to get the unit
 Marketing and promotions cost for each bracelet.
 Damage to goods and spoilage
Materials -------------------- Php 60.00
 Utilities (electricity, water, transportation, telephone, internet, etc)
Labor (Php 30.00/bracelet)---- Php 30.00
 Other expenses
Php 90.00
Sample computation
2. Count how many beaded bracelets were made. Multiply this
For example, you want to make a basic medicine cabinet and you
with total cost of materials plus labor to get your capital.
decided to sell it with a 40% mark-up in addition to your capital or cost
of expenses.
Php 90.00 x 10 bracelets = Php 900.00 (capital)
Materials and other Expenses Cost
3. Multiply Php 90.00 x 20% for mark-up purposes.
 equipment or appliances using electricity, or to repair or improve existing
Php 90.00 lines.
X 20% (.20)
Php 18.00 mark-up price Tools and Materials Needed in Making Simple Electrical Gadgets
Tools and other materials are very important for making and
4. Add the mark-up to your capital. The sum will be the selling troubleshooting electrical gadgets. The following are some of the basic tools
price. and materials used in making simple electrical gadgets:
Php 90.00 1. Pliers, such as long nosed and side- cutting pliers, are used to hold,
+ 18.00 bend, cut, and twist objects and wires.
Php 108.00 selling price 2. Screwdrivers, such as flat-head and philips-head screwdrivers, are
used to drive and remove screws.
3. Wire stripper is used to remove insulation of wires from gauge.
Activity: Compute the selling price & possible income 4. Hammer is used to pull and drive out nails.
5. Electric drill is used to drift holes on hand materials.
**use 20% as mark-up price 6. Soldering tools, such as soldering gun and soldering iron, are used to
make splices and tap connections of wires.
1.
Project Piece Cost of Labor per Selling Possible
2. s Materials piece Price Income
Project Piece Cost of Labor per Selling Possible Key Php
50 Php 20.00
s Materials piece Price Income chain 420.00
Pen Php 7. Cables and wires are the common materials needed in making
30 Php 25.00
Holder 250.00 electrical
8. Electrical Tape is used to protect electric wiring for insulation.
3.
Project Piece Cost of Labor per Selling Possible
s Materials piece Price Income
Paper Php
42 Php 18.00
Weights 385.00
9. Male plug is a device inserted in a socket to make an electrical
connection.
Simple Electrical Gadgets and their Uses
Anyone who is interested to construct simple electrical devices may
find it challenging and worth the effort and experience. Reading about
Lesson 2: Making Simple Electrical Gadgets electricity and electrical gadgets on magazines, books, and the internet may
help you to construct these cool gadgets. Learning the skills is beneficial as it
Electricity is always at work in your home or school. Sometimes it prepares you to explore, discover, make things, and be globally competitive.
becomes necessary to repair, improve or install new electrical lines or
 Below are some examples of electrical gadgets you may find 2. Treat all electrical devices as if they are live or energized.
interesting and easy to construct with their uses.
3. Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electrical
1. Door bell - Gadget use to call the attention of the owner of the house. equipment.
2. Bulb tester - Use in testing an incandescent bulb, starter, ballast. 4. Use only tools and equipment with non-conducting handles when working
3. Lamp shade - Use as decoration lamp inside the room. on electrical devices.
4. Extension cord - A gadget use to access electricity in our appliances are
far from the convenient outlet. 5. Never use metallic pencil or rulers, when working with electrical
equipment.
How to make Extension cord 6. Wear non-conductive gloves, protective clothes and shoes with insulated
soles.
Materials needed:
Electrical cord 7. Never handle electrical equipment when hands, feet or body are wet or
Wire cutters perspiring or when standing on a wet floor.
Male electric plug
8. Do not store highly flammable liquids near electrical equipments.
Screw driver
Female electric plug 9. Never touch another person’s equipment or electrical control devices
unless instructed to do so.
Procedure:
10. When it is necessary to touch electrical equipment ( for example, when
1. Separate one end of electrical wire about 10 cm each.
checking over heated motors or heating flat iron) use the back of the
2. Peel of the skin or insulator of the wire ends by 2 cm.
hand.
3. Loosen the screw of the male electric plug. Open cover of male plug with
a screwdriver. Activity: Draw the Tools and Materials Needed in Making Simple
4. Insert the wire into the male plug. Twist both ends of the wire to keep the Electrical Gadgets
wires making contact with each other. Tighten the screws down to hold
the wires securely. Materials:
5. Put back the cover of the plug so the wire will not be exposed and caused 5 Oslo paper
electric shock. Ruler
6. Repeat steps 1 to 4 on the other end of the electrical wire, this time with Pencil
the female plug. One steps have been done, you know have a complete Ballpen
extension cord.
Safety and health measures that should be observed while working any
electrical project to avoid accidents.
1. Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits.
 Lesson 3: Doing Simple Home Repairs
Repairs are important part of maintenance of the house. Every
member of the family should have basic knowledge and skill in doing simple
home repairs. Boys as well as girls should be able to help their fathers in
doing simple repairs at home. Even mothers should have the skills so she can
take over if the father is not around.

I. Repairing a Flat, Male cord

Materials:
5m wire no. 14 (duplex)
1 male plug
1 cover surface type

Tools:
Cutter
Pliers
Scewdrivers

Steps:
1. Separate one end of electrical wire about 10 cm each.
2. Peel of the skin or insulator of the wire ends by 2 cm.
3. Loosen the screw of the male electric plug.
4. Insert the wire into the male plug.
5. Twist both ends of the wire to keep the wires making contact with each
other.
6. Put back the cover of the plug so the wire will not be exposed and caused
electric shock.

II. Repairing a Broken Chair

Materials:
Wood brace Health and Safety Practices When working.
Glue 1. Have the right tools and materials needed before starting to work.
2. Wear loose, comportable clothing to allow freedom of movement.
Tools: 3. Work with good light to allow you to see everything you are doing.
Nails 4. Wear leather gloves when working with electricity. This is a must.
Claw hammer 5. Inspect tools carefully before using. Be sure that every tool you use is in
good working condition.
Steps: 6. Repair any broken tool before using as this might cause accidents.
1. Prepare tools and materials. 7. Know what tool what to use for the right job.This makes work easier and
2. Collect the old parts of the chair faster.
3. If one part of the chair is lost, make a replica. 8. Consult with an expert before and during repairs so you are guide
4. Apply weld wood glue in the part where the chair wiggles and put in a nail accordingly.
to make it more durable 9. Do not dare to repair anything if you don’t have the know-how and skill in
5. Install braces if necessay. doing it
10. Remember the following: “Safety first!” and “Prevention is better than
III. Repairing Door Hinges cure.”

Material: Activity: Rearrange the steps in the order that they should be done.
All-purpose oil Number them accordingly
_____ Insert wire into the male plug.
Tool: _____ Separate one end of electrical wire about 10 cm
Screw driver _____ Peel off the skin or insulator by 2 cm
_____ Twist both ends of the wire to keep the wires making contact with each
*If your door produces a squeking sound and your hinges are loose other.
due to rust and loose screws, it is time to repair your hinges. _____ Loosen the screw of the male plug.
1. Apply oil to hinges to avoid the squeking sound due to rust. _____ Put back the cover of the plug so the wire will not be exposed and
2. Tighten loose screws. caused electric shock.

Steps in installing the Hinges:

1. Prepare the tool and material.
2. Inspect the door if it is in good condition.
3. Measure the part where the hinges be screwed.
4. If necessary, chisel the part where the hinge will be placed to fit the door.
5. Position the hinge and screw to hold the hinge.
6. Test the door to see if it opens and closes smoothly.
 Lesson 4: Recycling of Waste Materials

*Waste Management is planning, controlling, and assessing the extent by

which all types wastes can be regulate in order to minimize them. The waste’s
disposal prevents harmful effect on us and in the environment

Process and Importance of Reducing, Recycling, and Reusing

Waste management is the call of the times. Every day tons and tons of
waste materials all over the world are being disposed of. To lessen wastes,
government and non-government battle cry is “Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle”. The goal here is to lessen waste because increasing waste is a
threat to or environment causing pollution, disease, and other environmental
problems. To reduce means we need to lessen what we throw away, to
reuse means we need to use what we throw for another purpose; and
recycle means to create or convert waste materials into something useful or
functional. Participating in the 3R’s program is a responsibility of you and me
and everyone to help sustaining a clean, pollution-free, and healthful
environment.
The Principle of 5S
A method or system of organizing things in the workplace, known as
5S among the Japanese, can also be applied to waste management. 5S
means Seiri, Seiton, Seisou, Seiketsou, and Shitsuke. When translated to
English it also means sort, systematize, shine, standardize, and sustain. The
objective of 5S is to organize a space, sort, and store items efficiently
and effectively so that things are easy to find when they are needed.
The Principles of 5S can be applied at home, the classroom, as well as
in the workplace. The following are the ways by which the principles of 5S are
applied.
 Sort (Seiri) – identify and eliminate unnecessary items
 Systematize/ set in order (Seiton)– Put all needed materials and
tools in order
 Sweep (Seiso) - clean the workplace
  Standardize (Seiketsu)- maintain quality of cleanliness 3. Construction and demolition wastes - concrete, wood, metal,
 Sustain (Shitsuke) - form the habit of cleaning plastic, glass, doors, windows
4. Medical Waste - pharmaceutical wastes, needles, syringes,
Recyclable Products or Waste Materials radioactive wastes, food wastes
5. Municipal solid wastes - wastes commonly called garbage from
Recycling is an excellent way of saving energy and conserving the homes and commercial establishments.
environment. Many things thrown away can be recycled and turned into new
products. Here are some materials that can be recycled.
Activity: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the blank before each number.
1. Wood
There are many products that can be produced from recycled wood
like plant box, chair, garden accessories, wooden flooring, and garden A B
decks. _____1. Recycling a. form the habit of cleaning
2. Metal _____2. Sort b. identify and eliminate unnecessary items
Aside from wood, metals are highly saleable in junk shops. Companies _____3. Sustain c. Put all needed materials and tools in
buy used cans to be recycled into metal packaging like containers for order.
canned goods, drinks, and other materials. Metals are also used as _____4. Standardize d. clean the workplace
cooking utensils and home accessories or furniture. _____5. Sweep e. maintain quality of cleanliness
3. Paper _____6. Systematize f. reduce, reuse, and recycle
Examples of projects that are made from recycled paper are papier- _____7. Three R’s g. cellphones, computers, TV, DVD,
mache, paper flowers, gift wrapper, paper bag or purse, journals or Appliances
memo pad, jewelry box, paper beads, photo frame and paper basket.
_____8. Electronic Waste h. garbage from homes
4. Plastic
_____9. Municipal Solid W. i. concrete, wood, metal, plastic, door
There are many ways of reusing or recycling plastics. It can be made
into water and plant containers, desk organizers, garden lamps, etc. _____10. Construction Wates j. to transform into something usable.
This is the easiest waste material to recycle.
5. Glass
There are many projects that can be produced out of used glass
containers and bottles. Examples of these are glass bottle sand art,
vases, organizers, container for condiments for the interior and exterior
part of the house.

Types of Waste Materials

1. Electronic Waste - Cellphones, DVD, computers, televisions, electric
toys, and appliances
2. Industrial Wastes - leftovers from extractions and production
processing in making paper, steel, plastics, processed food, electronic
pesticides, pharmaceutical, and others
RECYCLING WASTE MATERIALS INTO FUNCTIONAL ITEMS

It is easy to throw away something and feel glad that you got rid of it
and will never see again. But sad to say, it does not end here. The things you
throw away go somewhere, usually to dumpsites or landfills. Some may end
up in empty lots, rivers, and the sea.

It is also a reality that you are now living in a society where everything
is almost disposable. You tend to buy new things instead of getting old ones
repaired. It has become more convenient to throw away items. You start to
realize that it has become a problem not only for you today but for future
generations.

One of the best ways to manage trash is to recycle them. Recycling is

the conversion of old and used materials into new products. The key
component to proper waste management is recycling.

Process of Recycling
Materials that can be recycled are wood, glass, metal, paper, and plastic.
Electronic waste is considered special waste like ink cartridges, cell phones,
batteries, computers, and non-functioning appliances. Together with plastic
products, these are non-biodegradable wastes since they do not disintegrate
or rot. Biodegradable waste such as food and garden waste can be recycled
through composting.
Collection of waste materials can be done in two ways:
1. Bring waste materials to collection centers like junk shops or the
barangay waste management center where there are separate
containers for different types of trash.
2. Pick up from residences where every barangay has a schedule of
garden collection.
Once materials are collected and segregated from junk shops or in your
barangay center, these materials will be sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed
into new materials such as handicraft projects or to be used as raw materials
for manufacturing. Everything that comes from nature can be returned to
nature.
 Scrap papers
Importance of Recycling Binder clips
Recycling brings about so many benefits like: Glue
 Employment through livelihood products Paintbrush
 Helping reduce pollution and the need for landfills Decorative scrap paper
 Helping save energy by reducing the use of fuel in manufacturing Masking or decorative tape
products
 Helping families save money by reducing expenses for buying new Procedure:
products 1. Fold into half at least 40 sheets of scrap paper. Cut paper on folded
 Helping the economy through investments in local recycling programs. side.
 Helping conserve and sustain the use of natural resources for future 2. Stock the pages by lining up the cut folded sides together. Do this on
generations. an even surface to be precise.
 Bringing out the innovative skills of individuals, and 3. With all pages evenly lined up, attach the binder clips on the top and
bottom edges on the cut side of the paper. Lay it flat on the edge of the
 Promoting community spirit through unity and cooperation
table and place a heavy object at the center near the cut edge to keep
pages compressed.
Recycled Projects
4. Apply glue evenly over the cut edge then let it dry. Repeat this 4-5
The following are examples of recycled projects wherein waste materials can
times until you have a coat of clear glue that holds the edges together.
be made into functional items.
5. Remove the clip binders once the glue has dried completely.
6. Attach your decorative paper by gluing it across the top of the notepad.
I. Scrap Paper Notepad
7. Attach the tape carefully on top of the glued area. Decorate with
stickers, labels, or anything else
II. Desk Organizer

Materials:
Materials:
6 empty plastic bottles (1-liter soft drinks bottle)
Cutter and scissors
Decorative tape
Glue stick and glue gun
Procedure:
1. Clean the bottles and let it dry.
2. Measure around 2 ½ - 3 inches from the base of the bottle going up
then mark it all around.
3. Cut the marked area using a sharp cutter. Set aside the upper part of
the bottle for future recycling projects.
4. Smoothen the cut edges using scissors.
5. Cover all the edges with decorative tape.
6. Glue together the five receptacles as seen below.
7. Decorate with stickers, labels, or anything else.
III. Tin Can Holder
Procedure:
1. Remove the top cover of the tin can and smoothen the cut edges by
using a small hammer.
2. Wash the can with soap and water and let it dry under the heat of the
sun.
3. Glue the cloth or paper all around the sides of the can. Let it dry.
4. Attach the ribbon around the top and bottom of the can.
5. Accessorize your tin can holder.
6. Do the same procedure with the two remaining cans.
Refernces:
Learning and Living in the 21st Century (Worktext in Home Economics
and Livelihood Education (REX)
Author/Coordinator: Leonora David-Basbas, Ph.D.
Internet Source:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/tagadepedakograde6/

Prepared by:

RONEL S. ASUNCION
TLE VI Teacher

Materials:
2-3 tin cans
Scraps of cloth or scrap papers
Glue stick and glue gun
½ inch wide ribbon (color should match the cloth or paper)