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-
Pronunciation
Pre-lntermediate
Student'sPracticeBook

B i l lB o w l e r
S u e Pa rmínter

OXJ.ORD
I'NIVERSITY PRBSS
 .{
Phonemic
symbols :i
I
l: asln see/si:/ 3: asrn fur /fa:(r/
I asin sit /st/ o asin ago /a'geu/ I

e asin ten /ten/ eI asin page lpetd3/ ¡

!
¿e asln h^t lhDtl ou asin home /haum/ j
q: asln arm /o:nv al asin fwe lfawl i
D asrn got lgotl au asin now lnaal
c: asrn saw /sc:/ cl asin join /d3crn/
o asin put /puv rá asin near /nre(r)/
u: asin too /tu:/ ee asin hair Aea(r)i
A asin cup /k^pi üe asin pure /pjus(r/
i asin happy /'hapi/

p asin pen /peu s asin so /seu/

b asin bad /b¿ed/ z asin zno /zv:/
t asrn tea /fii J asin she {i:/
d asin did /drd/ 3 asin vision /'vr3rV {
k
g
asin
asin
cat kat/
got lgotl
h
m
asin
asin
how /hau/
man /m&lv I
{
tJ asin chin /tJm/ n asin no /nou/ €
d5 asin fune /d3u:n/ ¡ asin sing /sr4/ "a
f
v
asin
asin
fall lf¡:ll
voice /vcrs/
l.
f
asin
as ln
leg lleg/
red. lred/ .i
i
0 asin thin /0¡n/ j asin yes /jes/
ó asin then /óer/ w asln wet lwetl

q
.¡
j
xp
Contents
-.::1:::..r¡iif¡e¡*:¡i€?*!r?¡¡1!W!!!!r!S&X
Introduction Wordfocus
Containerswith /evl (a bottleof wine,a packet
of crisps,etc.) 18
UnitI
lntonat¡onandsentence stress
Soundsymbols game 'My sisterSallywent
List intonationin the
Consonantsymbols1:the easilyrecognizable to the summersales...' usingclothesvocabulary 1 9
phonemicsymbolslpl, lbl, lIl, ldl, lkl,lgl,|fl,
lv I, lsl,lzl, fttl,lll, lrl, lrnl, lnl, and/w/ - voiced
andvoiceless consonants Unit5
Connectedspeech Sounds
Wordlinking Thesound/w/ 20

stress
lntonationandsentence Sentence
stress
Intonationin Wh-and questions
YeslNo Rh).thmand /á/ with the goingrofuture in the
poem'Future Intentions' 21

Unit 2 lntonat¡on
betweenpoliteand impolite
Hearingthe difference
Sounds offers 2i
Thesounds/s/,/zl, andlnl wi¡hPresentSimple
third personsingularverbs 10
Unit6 -::: r.::: : r:ri 'll.al;r-:: :.: r ': ': l, .1.,,¡iltt-lerÁ*;;!¡l¡,lr'rrr¡rr;tii
Wordfocus
nouns
Two-syllable 11 Sounds
Thesounds/n/ and l4l (andl4gl andlndSl) 24
Connected speech
Strong weakformsof auxiliaryverbsldt'zl,
and Wordfocus
lwozl , lhezl , andldazl, lwezl, ftiaz/, etc. words
Three-syllable
€onnectedspeech
Unit 3 Hearingdifferentforms of l¡ft¿

Sounds
Pronunciationof -¿dpasttenses
/t/, ldl , or ltdJ? 13 Unit7
Wordfocus Sound
symbols
Sayingyearsin a HistoryQuiz t) Consonantsymbols2: thelesseasilyrecognizable
phonemicsymbolsl |, l 5l,l t! l, l $1, l gl, l ól, l jl,
Connectedspeech and/¡/ - voicedandvoiceless consonants 27
Strong weakform ofprepositionsof time
and
andplacein a JamesBonddialogue 16 Sound¡
Thesounds/0/ and/ó/

Unit 4 Connect€dspeech
HearingthedifferencebetweenPresentPerfectand
Soundsymbols of 's
PastSimpleandthe differentpronunciations
Singlevowelsymbolsli|,ltJ,lsJ,lel, fu:/,lul,loJ,
lñ, ltl, lol, lel, and/e/ - long andshortvowels 17
 ..*ii&*i¡r:

Unit 8
Sounds Sounds
The sounds{/, isl, and /tJ/ and the different The sounds/e/ and /erl 45
spellingsofthe sound {/ JI
The sounds/u/ and /u:/ 32 Wordfocus
Wordswith silentletters
Intonation and sentencestrcss
Questionswith or with fiiendly and unfriendly
Connected speech
intonation, in fbrmal and informal dialosues Linkingin phrasalverbs 47

Unit 9 Unitll
Sounds Sounds
The sounds/i:/ and /r/ i4 Thesound/h/

Connected
speech Wordfocus
Word countingandsentence stresspatternsin Counting sylables 49
FirstConditionalsentences Four-syllablewords 49
.JJ

Intonationendsentence sttess Intonation

andsentence
stress
Showinginterestandsurprisewith shortreply Correctivestressin addresses
and Dhonenumbers
questionsin a dialogue 36
Unit 14
Unitl0 Sounds
Soundsymbols Thesounds/n/, /c:/,and/sol in singlewords
'Doublevowel'
or diphthongsymbolsletl,latJ, and in the game'SpaceBattle' 52
lttl, /n/, leal,leal, laal, andlual Wordfocus
Connectedspeech Wordsoftenconfusedbecause
oftheir
Strongform prepositions
at the endofquestions pronunciation

Connectedspeech Connectedspeech
Contractions:
whentheyareusedandwhen Hearing'd (hador would) il
theyarenot used
Soundsymbol
Unit 1l
Sounds Key
Thesounds/e/, lel , and/¡l 41
Connected speech
Word linking
Weakform auxiliariesandpassive
verbsin
a newspaperarticle 44
 lntroduction
Welcome tothe NewHeadway Howdoesthisbookwork?
Pre-Intermedi atePronunciation Coursel You can usethis book (and recording) on its own. The
exercisesin it will help you to organizeyour study of
The questionsand answerson thesepagesare to help you
pronunciation.
to understandthis book, so that you can get the best out
of it when you useit. It is also part of th e New Headway English Coursea¡d the
topics and languageofeach unit in this book link with
Whoisthisbookfor? those in the New H¿adwayPre-lntermediateStudenfs
Book.
The New Headway Pre-Inteflne¡liate Pronunciation Course
is for pre-intermediatestudentswho wish to improve
their oronunciation.

Sounds
exercises (9 í9 Y^e\ ll.ñ
s9z. ("Y'z
Unit1 Consonantsymbolsl: the easilyrecognizable
phonemicsymbols lpl, lbl,ltl, ldl,lW,lgl,
lfl, lv l, l sl,lzl, lhl, lU, lrl, lrnl, lnl, andlw l -
voicedandvoiceless consonants
Unit2 The soundsls/,lzl,and lvl
Unit3 Pronunciation
of-elpasttenses
Unit4 Singlevowelsymbols/i:/, /r/, /al,lal,ltl,
l tsl,loJ, l ñ, 1¡:1, lol, lel, andlel -long and
shortvowels
Unit5 Thesound/w/
Unitó The soundslnl andlql, andlggl and lnd3l
Unit7 Consonantsymbols2: the lesseasily
recognizable phonemicsymbols/fl, /3/,/tJ/,
/$/,l0l,ló1,l1l, and/q/ - voicedand
voicelessconsonants
Unit8 Thesoundsll,lsl, andlf[/
The sounds/u/ and/u:/
Unit9 The soundsli:l andll
'Double
Unit10 vowel'or diphthongsymbols/er/,
l al, l cl, lol, l ee/,l aal, hul, andl uel
Unitll The soundslel,lel, and/¡l
Unit12 The soundslel andletl
Unitll The sound/h/
U n i t1 4 T h es o u n d so l , l t : l , a n d l a o l
 ,,,in*¡&:: ,!ii}@::

Whattypesof exercise
arethere? Whataboutthekey?
There are five different tlT)esofexercisein this book: The answersto exercises, and tapescriptswhich are not in
1 Sounds and sound symbols The sounds exerciseshelp full in the exercisesthemselves,are in the key at the back
you to practisethe soundswe usein English.Some ofthe book.
soundsexercisesare very useful for speakersof specific As in the Naw H¿adway Student'sBoo( sometimeswe ask
languages.(Seethe table opposite.) you questionsto help you work out rules for yourself.The
2 Sounds and sound symbols exercisesSound symbols answersto thesequestionsare in the key,too.
exercisesteachEnglish sound symbols(phonemic This symbol after an exercisemeanslook at the key.The
symbols).The connectionbetweenEnglish spellingand pagenumber with the symbol showsyou exactlywhere
pronunciation is a problem for speakersofall to look.
languages.Knowing English phonemic symbolshelps >> p5ó
you to learn the pronunciation of new words easily.
As you learn the symbols,you write examplewords in Whatabouttechnical
words?
the chart on page55. This helpsyou to rememberthe
Here is a list oftechnical words we usein this book. Usea
phonemic symbolscorrectly.
bilingual dictionary to translatethem. You can look back
3 Connectedspeech Theseexerciseshelp you to at this list while you usethe bool.
pronouncewords in phrasesand sentencescorrectly.
consonant
Intonation and sentencestress Theseexerciseshelo contractron
you lo hearand practisedifferenrkinds of intonation
and sentencestresspatterns. formal
Word focus In theseexercises you study groups of impolite
words where there are problemswith soundsand informal
word stress.
intonation

Whatabouttherecordint? linking

This book comeswith one tape or CD.

phonemic
pronunciation
The symbol in the exerciseshowsexactlywhich part ofthe
recordingyou listen to. rhr,th rn

@ sound
tt sectionof recording spelling
t- unit number slress
syllable
symbol
voiced
voiceless
vowel
weak A"c:i_L!e+:_
 ¡t,
Consonantsymbols 1
dp-g Wordlinking
lntonation questions
in llñ- andYes/No '¡&S8&8*¡8 8
¡Sr

Write thesewords on the sound

symbol lines below, accordingto
l the sound ofthe underlined
symbols
Consonant letters,
.Thesewordsconta¡n.t,'.t"*.iWinofthel"ttÉKi¡ffe,unt'nl
eacnworo. go 9lrive PlaY
yan letter qooK
room mean flat
qan mulic never
gtudy teacher
work hot

/pt Plal -
tb/
nt
tü
I
tkl
tgl
tft

/s/
lzl
lht
N
/r/
/tnl
tn/

]
!1f,! Listenand checkyour
answers.
>> p56

ó UnitI
fl!! Now listen to the sound symbolson their own.
What is the differencein sound betweenthe symbols
in PictureA and those in Picture B?Match the pictures
with the diaeramsbelow.
Turn to the Sound symbol chart on p55. Write in an
exampleword to helpyou remembereachsound ¡
symbolyou now know.Underlinethe lelters¡n thl
word that match the sound symbol.
Erample

Connected
Wordlinking
PictureA PictureB
lft! Listen.How manywordsdo you hearin each
sentence?
Contractions
countastwo words.
l 2 3 4 5 6
Example
It's a nice big place.= 6 words

rtr ¿tr¡I +I sI
>> p5ó
2 ¡IL Listento theserwo phrases.
Diagram 1 Diagram2
>> D56
lTll ¡¡ 1¡s s¡und symbolsin Y matchthesoundof ABTAEZHOIKAM
thelettersunderlinedin the wordsin X? Listenand
mark thesymbols/ if theymatchandI if theydon,t
o p y d e ( n e t K I P
match.
N=onP>TYOXtUO
X Y
I rAy lhl x vEonPoruqXtU0)
2 who lhl
3 unique lW Greek:alphabet
4 ¡Eissors lskl
5 gity lsl
6 plone lpU From: Jack
7 tuow lnl To: Bose
8 very lv/ Subject: Greetinqs
9 quickly lkwl Date: Tuesday-
10 advertiging /s/
11 arehitect lkl
12 write lwrl Dear Roae,
Correct the sound symbolsthat don't match. Just a quick €oail to
sav ,hi,
.L'oVe,
>> p5ó Jack.

'l
Un¡t 7
 . Whenwespeak quickly,
a wordthatbeginsw¡tha vo 4 ¡If Listen and then practisesayingall the five
t;r:soundislinked to the sound
consonant at theendof phrasesin the sameway, starting from the efd.
wordbefore it:
f 5 Mark the links in thesephrases.
$ Greek-alphabet modern-email
s"
1 Linking
alsohappens
if a co¡sonant
isusually
silent
a a message_rn_a
endof a word:
$1, twt lrl angerand other emotions
f, new-idea computer*inform;
a lot of information
&liThelettery linksto thefollow¡ng
vowelsound
asa /
How is it e
tjt
* l4th-century-En8lish qutcKry ano eas
F

on a page
lfFl ¡¡s1s¡ .r¿ practise saying these
paying attention to the linking.
lll[! Listenandcheckyouranswers.
)) o5ó

Listenagainandpractisesayingthephrases,
paying
attentionto thelinkins.

new_¡dea

c o m p u t e r _nif o r m a t io n

14th-century.-..English

1l
I UnitI
Intonation Listen againand repeatthe qu€stionsand the names.
(Useyour memory. Don't write the namesin the gaps
fntonation
in Wá-andYes/Noquestions in 1.)

Makesureyourintonationgoesclearlyup or down
''yá- questions onthename, according
to whetheryouareasking a
containa questionword(Who,What, Yes,/No question.
or a tYh
,Where,Why, Thesequestions
How,etc.). askfor
information
answers.
yeslNoauest¡onsdo not containauest¡on
words.
askfor yesor No answers.
quest¡ons

Look at the questionsbelow.Mark the I4li- questions

with a star(* ).
I Where do you live, - ?

2 When'syour birthdav. ?

3 Do vou havea iob. ?

4 What sort of music do you like, ?

5 Have you got any brothers or sisters,__, ?

6 Can you speakthree languages,- ?

Now completeeachquestion in I with the nanie ofa
7 How do you come to school, - ?. student in your class.(Put a different name in each
question.)
8 Do vou like dancins. ?
Listen again and repeatthe questions.Saythe names
>> P5ó you havewritten insteadofthe nameson the
recording.Ifthere are questionsyou don't like, cross
ffl Listento therecording
andmarkthese
them out and write your own questions.Practise
statementsTrue or False.(The namesat the end ofthe
questionswilJ helpyou to hearthe intonationmore sayingthem with the correct intonation.
clearly.)
Standup and walk round the classroom.Ask each
classmatethe questionyou havepreparedfor him/her.
I Thevo¡ceSoesup at the endof l4á-questions. Write down the answersyou get.

2 Thevoice8oesup at the endof yeslNoquestions.

>> P5ó

'l
Unit 9
 Thesounds/s/. lzl . andlvl
nouns
Two-syllable
Strongandweakformsof auxiliaryverbs

Sounds Work with a partner. Put the verbsyou underlined into

three groups,accordingto the pronunciation ofthe
Thesoundslsl,lzl, andltzl third personending.

Readthe passageabout Irene Redmond. GroupI /s/ Gtoup2/zl Group! lul

Which adjectivesdo you think describeher life?
tries washes

sad ronery easy boring busy

t: lreneRedmond andherhusband Ken

:-.liveinHamiltonG¿teinQueensland,
. Australia.
Theyhavethreech¡ldren.
Inthesummer, whenit'shot,
llrl Listenandcheckyour answers.
gglg
lrene upatsixo'clock andfucs
' todoallthehousework byeight.Ken )) o5ó
I
r makes breaKast.He'sa goodcook.
Listen again and repeatthe verbs,paying attention to
, Ateighto'clock Ken'sbosscallshimontheradio. After the pronunciation ofthe ending.
t: Kengoestowork,l¡enedoestherestofthehousework.
, Mostdayskenewag¡99 theclothes. Circle the correct pronunciation to completethe rules.
puts
Atteno clocklrene thebabytobedandt-eaches her
,: eldest Usually
daughter. shemanages todotwohoursof 1 Youpronounce the endinglsl /z/ ltz/ if the verbendsin
: classes a daywithherTheyeatatti4elve. lrenealways oneof the following sounds:
bakes herownbread andcakes. Shedoesn't goshopping,
/s/ Example miq /tJ/ Example watch
i' butorders foodontheInlernet.lotheafremoon shespends
lo¡e
/z/ Example /d3lExamplemanagq
l' timewiththechildren.
{/ wash
Example
, Thenearest townisTiboobura. lt's100milesaway.lrene
butshemisses
, isn'tlonely, herfamily. Sometimes shedrives 2 lf the verbendsin anyothervoiceless consonant
sound,
toseea friend.
Ihe nearest ne¡ghbour
lives youpronounce the ending/sl /zJ /u/.Examplemakes
:, intoTiboobuna
i- 35milesaway. Sheinviteshimlo teaeveryweek. 3 lf theverbendsin anyothervoicedconsonant soundor
' ln theevening readsorplays
lrenesurfstheInternet, a vowelsound,youpronounce lsl /zl /tz/.
the endinS
cardsw¡thKen.Usually
Kenloses.Theydon'thavea TV. Example rains
lrenelikesliving
inHam¡ltonGate. Kenloves itandhopes
tostavlherefortherestofhisl¡fe,butlreneisn'tsufe. >> p5ó

Work with a partner. How much of the passagecan

Work on your own. Readthe passageagainand
li underline all the verbsin the third personsingular of
the PresentSimple exceptis, doesn't,and isn't,
you remember?Usethe verb lists from 3 to make
sentencesabout lrene'slife.
Payattention to the pronunciation ofthe verb endings.

l0 Unit2
 Why doesDiane DeVine like the objectson the left?
(Think of her name.)
Two-syllable
nouns llfl Listen and checkyour answers.
)) o5ó
Listen again and repeatthe words, paying attention to
stress.

Look at the nouns below and make sureyou know

what they mean.Which arestressed O o and which
.o?
lliEl Listen and mark the stresses.

O ¡
lIDl Diane DeVine is a film star.Listen to her and zebras mountains cl¡mate diamonds
one ofher fans.
'
giraffes country football descent
Shehaslots oflikes and dislikes.Match thesewords
with the picturesbelow. baseball exports reserve sw¡mm¡nt

champagneJapan trumpets shampoo

pa¡ntings coffee guitars Which is the usualstresspattern for two-syllable
apples
sardines cartoons Br¡tain toothpaste nouns?
>> p56

She likes Shedoesnltlike r

II

Unit2 ll
 speecli'**********s
Gonnected ¡IEl Listento the questionsandanswers
in 2.
Underlinethe weakforms like this - and the
Strongandweakformsof auxiliaryverbs strongformslike this -.

It Readthe text about Ianet Stobbsand her husband

Eduardo Revuelta.
rlfl ¡is1s¡.1¡t u heartheweakform of the
>>

auxiliar¡ write W. If you hearthestrongform, write S.

p57

Janet and EduardoRewelta-Stobbsüve

1 Wasyour planelat"i @
near Alicante in Spain. They were
It wasverylate. @
married in Aücante. Eduardo'sa doctor
2 Haveyou got a new coat? E
andJanet'san Xnglishteacher.Janetwas
Yes,I have.
born in England,but she can speakgood
3 Doesyour girlfriendwork with you? f-l
Spanish. They share the housework.
Edua¡dolikes cooking. They'vegot two
Yes,
' shedoes.
* l-T l

children- Artuo and Pablo. 4 Weretheymarriedin Mexico?fl

2 Answer thesequestions.Useshort answers.
1 Does lanet live in Spain?
2 Hasshegot ajob?
3 Wassheborn in England?
4 Can shespeakSpanish?
5 Werethey married in Spain?
No, theyweremarriedin NewYork. l-l
5 Hasyour fathergot greyhair? f l
hehas.fl
Yes,
Yls.sfu npos,
6 Do you go joggingeveryctay?!
Yes,
Ido. !
7 How many languagescan you speak?f ]
I can speaktwo - English and Chinese. I I
Look at the rule and checkyour answers.

6 Do they sharethe housework?

1:tbeginning or in the middleof a sentence,andwhenit is
7 Have they got any children? l. not stressed. We usethe stronSform whenthe auxiliary
:l verb is at the end of a sentence,or sfressed.
>> P56
Auxiliary verbshaveweak and strong forms. FF P57
Completethis table.
ó Work with a partner. Practisethe dialogueswith the
recording.
Auxiliary
verb Weakform Strongform
In groups, prepare sevenquestions to interview your
do ldalorldul ldtl
teacher.Useeachauxiliary verb once.
ldez/ ldttzl
Example
lhav/ lha-v/ Hale you got a car?
Has your car got a CD player?
hazl fttezl
Interview your teacher.Listen to the other groups.
lwtl
Don't askthe samequestionsl
/wazl twDzl

lkanl /kan/

>> P57

12 Unit2
b";$r 3 *H:*ilL.,]i:ffisitionsortimeand
p,ace

of -edpasttenses
Pronunciation
ffrl Listen to the beginningsofthree stories.Notice
the way the -ed verb endingsare pronounced.
1 Lastnight Bert stoppedat the supermarketon his ld/ (/b/,/gl. lvl, lzl, lól , B/, l4/, /ll, lrlt/,/n/, /4/|,or
way nome. &, a vowel,wepronounce the-edending /d/. Example
Y'calledlk¡:ldl.
2 Yesterdayafternoon Fred calleda restaurantto
book a table for two. . lfthe verbendsina vo¡celess consonantsoundapart
3 YesterdayeveningDaüd invited Amanda to dinner. fron /t/ (lp/.M,'f/./s/. /e/,/J/orlrj/),wepronoLDce
o
g- the-edending /t/. Example i¡opped/stDpr",.
l il The restof the storiesare mixed up. Listen as
you read,and sort the sentencesinto columns, Check the meaningand pronunciation ofthese verbs
accordingto the pronunciation ofthe -ed verb endings. in a dictionary.
4 He arrangeda meetingwith his daughterthere.
5 He cookeda big supper for his wife and children.
answer laugh show believe
6 He decidedto cook her favourite meal. walk mend try srart
7 He washedup after supper. plan watch wash carry
8 They ordered a lot of the most expensivethings
on the menu.
Write the past tenseform ofeach verb in the correct
9 They watcheda good film on TV after the meal. column below. (Thkecarewith the spelling!)
l0 They enjoyedit a lot.
11 The food waswastedbecauseshedidn't come. tu /dt /tdl
12 They arrived home after midnight.
añgwatod

ffi
,}.4.
V.lltl
{ffi
\-,1
frcd ldl

2 3

ll[ Listenandcheckyour answers.

>> P57
>> P57
Who had the worst evening,do you think?

UnitI 13
 Sometimes it is difficultto hearthe d¡fference
between the itl and/d/ endings. Whenthe verbis
l¡nkedto the nextwordbecause that wordstartswith
a vowelsound, theendings aremuchclearer

lf,!! Listento thelinking.

ta
Shelaughed3t thejoke.
lp Listenandmark thelinksin thesesentences.

4 He tried a piece.

I Shewalked all day.

5 They planned it weeltsago.

ll oa <>o

6 It washedall üe glasses
beautifully.

¡¡ P57
paying
Listenagainandpractisethe sentences,
attentionto thelinking.

3 They answeredeverybody'squestions.

Unit3
 focus 2 Write thesedatesin words.
o o
years
Saying I IJI{ = úi¡1sgn fourteen

Circle the correct date in eachofthese sentences. r4r o

(Ifyou don't know the answers,try to guessthem.)
r492
HistoryQuiz r504
1616
I
-_t- , ¡r Christofher
Columbus L713
: discovered
America
1n 7492 1713. 1780
s l8l5
2 Wilti¿mShakespeare
died e 1840
in 1840 1616.
10 1900
I1 1918
TheFi¡stWorldWarended
11 1939
in 1780 1918. l 3 196()

M 1990
!fl Listen and checkyour answers.Listen again
EastandWestGermany
and mark the stress.
becameonecountryagain
in 1990 t900. What happensto the stressin the -teenwords?

>> D57

TheSecondWorldWa¡ 3 Work in three teams.Think of other datesin the

b e g a ni n 1 9 3 9 1 4 1 0 . history of your country or the world. Write a History
Quiz and then testthe other teams.

NapoleonBonapartelost
the Battle of Waterloo
in 1314 1815.

.t: Scorelike this:

lt' 7 John I (ennedy became
L +15 points for
Presidentof the United a correct date
Statesin 1504 1960.
*10 pointsfor
the nearestguess
-5 points for
lftf Listenandcheckyour answers. lncorrect
pronunciation
>> P57
ofthe dates

Unit3 15
 speech
Cennected
_
,/ andweakformsof prepositions
Strong

| @! Listen to this conversationbetwccnJames 2 Look back at the dialogüe and complete each phrase
Bond'sboss,M, and his secretar¡ Miss Moneypenny. below with a preposition.
As you listen,frll in the missingprepositions.
Miss Monelpenny
B Hello. Can I speak(1) lo Miss Moneypenny? Budapest
me
S Speaking.
B Hello, Iri here.I'm phoning (2) - the üe Ritz
Ritz. I'm looking (3) - me
lames Bond. We
had a lunch appointment (4) twelve. lames Bond
ls he thereí trouble
S I'm sorr¡ sir, but he'sgone (5) - a couple
Budapest. his call

B I was afiaid (6) - that. Where exactly? apporntment twelve

staymg the Hotel Royal
S He's stáying(7) the Hotel Royal.
afraid _ that
B Why didn't he listen (8) - me?He'sjust
couple days
asking(9) trouble.
lff! Listen and practise saying the prepositions on
S He's only stayingthere (10) -, a couple
their own and in the phrases.
( 11) - days.

B All right. Contact him and tell him (12) Readthe dialoguealoud with a partner. Pronouncethe
prepositionsin their weak forms.
me he'sa damn fool. Oh, and you can tell him I'm
waiting ( 13) - his call.

S Yes,sir.
What do you notice about the pronunciation ofthese
prepositions?
>> p57

16 Unitl
 Single
vowelsymbols
Containers
..r -$
Listintonation

Underline the lettersin the words which match the

sound symbols.
Single
vowelsymbols >> P57

$ Inthisunityou-rrr
will rearnthephone*
learntheohon, svmbols
ror:'nsle
n
bHli'TJ:á:' Engtish
spelling
doesn't
always
heipw¡rhthe
pronunciat¡on
of words.
!!f,! Listento the symbolsbelow.Whatis the Thesameletterscanhavedifferentvowelsounds:
differencebetweenthe symbolsin PictureA andthe
soup coqple bgqht
symbolsin PictureB?
/Lr:/ /^] l¡l
Differentlettersc¿nhavethe samevow,.rsouno:
liJ le| lú loJ l¡J boots

fLll ¡i5¡sr and crossout the word which does

containthe vowelsoundon the left.
I /e/ bread woman eggs many
2 /,n/ enqUgh brgther sugar much
3 /o/ qnion cqffee lot what
4 /s:/ shirt pork world univglsity
ytcture
Picture A Picture B
5 /i:/ cheese tea wine magazlnes
p57 6 /g:/ car cArrots half aren't
2 ¡El Listen to the sound symbolsand write in the 7 hl buildings little birds milk
examplewords. 8 /u:/ shampqa look fruit two
I lil lcach¿¡ 7 /s:l >> p57
2h| 8tñ
lZfl Listen and circle the symbol that matchesthe
3hJ 9 lrj sound ofthe underlined letters.
4 /e/ 10 /D/ 1 bgs lul l¡,1 6 shqp lnl lol
5 luJ Il /e/ 2 t4n lsJ l¡J 7 4pples lal lal
6 /u/ 12 /el 3 wg¡d /a:/ lc:l 8 bluc lul luJ
>> p57 4 good lul l¡J 9 ciggrette /,r/ lal
5 park lel lol
>> p57

Un¡t4 U
 ::¡
Thesewords are written in phonemic symbols.
Transcribethem.
1 /bl¿ek/ - 6 isku:V
2 I'b/'tál - 7 lg3:ll

ts
5 can
3 8 lstx'.2,1
4 lklt'bl 9 lkol
5 legzl l 0 tki/
>> P57
6 jar
Turn to the Sound symbol chart on p55. Write in
examplewords to help you rememberthe singlevowel
symbols.Underline the lettersthat match the sound
symbols.

7 tube
Word
Containers
Look at the different kinds of container.
8 carton

bottle
*-& é Match eachpair ofthings with a container.

sardines/tomatoes
matches/chocolates
toothpaste/8lue
wine,/lemonade
eSgs/juice
colalbeer
coffee/lam
sugar,/crisps

>> P57

!![ Listenand correctthe mistakesin this

shoppinglist.
be(
b o!.¿otf
2 packet "ans
a couple ol cac4or.s oX eqq
2 bo++l.s aX diy.L! r¿¿, I ros¿,

,@@
2 pacv¿+s al c.isps (ba¡l¿¡¿¿ llavoutl

3
ffid,,p
box
a +i^ oI .J.¿¿^ ol¡\t¿s
a suall ¡ar" ol collee
a bot of, salz44 ualdtes
a biq tube ol llue

¡1:::::',:-'.,
>> p57
- r-_rY:11-:'1_'X,1{ar111li1111}tg31ii
' Wedon'tstress the wordof in faslspeech. Wepronounce
it /av/ andwealwaysl¡nkit to the finalconsonant
sound
of the wordbefore:
/Lavt
a boitleof wine

!![! Listen to the correct items on the list and

4 tin
repeatthem.

18 Unit4
Listintonation
Work out the anagramsof theseclotheswords.
l5

ffi
(sampjay) (eti)

(sruertos)
7
(sreds) bJ
ffi
l4
(arb)
fZf,l ¡is1g¡¿¡¿ checkyour answers.
>> P58
Listen againand repeatthe words, paying attention to
(krits) (srindgeswong)
the pronunciation.

ftrFl ¡¡51g¡ 16this list of clothes.Which intonation

pattt'rn do you hear?
-\
_/-/
1 I bought a shirt, a tie, and sometrousers.
wingmmisskrunt

te
(denatspurn)

5
]-\ )
2 I bought a shirt, a tie, and sometrousers.

l0
a -\_/ -\

3 I bought a shirt, a tie, and some trousers.

(h-trisT) (hesso) _/=\ ,/

4 I bought a shirt, a tie, and sometrousers.

>> 058

l!f! Listen to some people playing the game 'My

sisterSallywent to the summer sales...'.

(skinreck) Play the gamein groups of four. Don't write anlthing.

(ostob)
Listen to the personwho speaksbeforeyou. Remember
the clothesand colours he/shesays,and add
something.(Sallycan buy things for her boyfriend,
Sam,too!)
Rules of the game
. Ifyou forget something,you are out ofthe game.
(thris) . The last personin the gameis the winner.
(sobule)
Payattention to your intonation asyou play.

>> p58

Unit4 19
 5 /w/
Thesound
Rhythmandlal
thedifference
Hearing politeandimpolite
between

3 ¡ff,| Listenandpractise'

/w/
Thesound
Circle the words in the box which contain a /w/ sound'

warm how heavY violence

leaving world when watch
two languages borrow favourite
own views worried questions

two wallets
$f Listen and checkyour answers.You will only
hear the words with a /w/ sound. I found two wallets.
>> p58 4 Saythesesentencesin the sameway. Start vt¡iththe
word beforethe /w/ word eachtime.
lf, Listen to some studentssayingthesesente,nces'
úurk th. p.onutt.iation of the /w/ words right (/) or I They sawwild koalasin the trees.
wrong (f ). 2 There'sno wine in the shoP
I Can I havesome wir¿? 3 Now wait a minutel
2 Wou?youhke anlthing tó drink? 4 Shebought him a new watch.
3 He wor'l talk to his mother'
5 Matchüe questionswith the answers.
4 It's in the westof HtngarY.
1 Where wasWendY a The sweetwhite one,
5 You needto buY a new wheel. while they were Walter.
6 It's the worst film I've ever seen. watching the whales?
'' ''-"':13X 2 What waswrong with b Workingin
the weatheron Washington.
Tomakethe sound/w/, first
pact¡se/u:/. PushYourliPsout,
.,r'Y l,s Wednesday?
andmakethemroundandhard.
/w/ is a shortsound.
s.eE
'.,1 i
3 Which wine would c They didn't want Will
to worry.
you like, Winifred?

9a 4 Why were WaYneand

Wanda whispering?
d It waswet andwindY'

!f,!! Listen and checkyour answers.

iwl at tfrebeginning
lf sayin6 of wordsis difficultfor you,
put a wordthat endswith a rounded vowelor diphthonE ¡
sound(two,saw,no,now) in front of the /w/ word
.;;
6 Work with a partner. Practisethe questionsand
>> P58 answers.

20 Unit5
Rhythmandlel
'heavier'
Somesyllablesare than othersin the
following poem. We stressthem becausethey are in
important words.
lffl ¡¡5¡s¡ ¿¡d mark the stresses O. The first verse
and the last verseare done for you.

t'A
E

FUTUREINTENTIONS
AK
a a a o
In lune this year I'll finish school, Paulat going to study up at Cambridge,
o a a And Roger'sgoing to learn how to cook.
And the summer'sgetting near.

. O a a Emma'sgoing to havea lot of bab

My classmates
all know what they want to do,
Andsarah's
goinglo writea b""*.tt-ff *
a a o
But I haven'tgot any idea. +
goingto bea scientist,,
Steven's
Pippat going to travel round the world. Andtry to helpthehuman¡áce.Z
Hannaht going to stayat home. Helen'sgoingto be in the Olympic team,
Peter'sgoing to join a punk rock band, And finish in the long jump in first place.
And Richard'sgoing to teachin Rome.
a a a
Ian'sgoing to be a millionaire,
Amanda'sgoing to move to Hollywood
a a o
And Anna'sgoing to help the poor.
Where shehopesto becomea star.
a a a a
Frankt going to passhis driving test, But I still don t know what I rvantto do,

And then he'sgoing to buy himself a car. a a a

So I'll sit here and I'll think somemore.

' .i
p58
r'j
.a
Unit5 71
How many syllables(stressedand unstressed)are there line 14 AndRoger'sgoing to learn how to cook
in the eight lines below?(goingcountsasone syllable
in fast speech.) line 19 Helen's going to be in the Olympic team
line 3 all know what they want to do
My classmates >> p59
ll syllables Now listenagainandrepeateachline above.Followthe
Iine 6 Hannah'sgoing to stayat home stresspatternyou hearon the recording.

ll syllables Work in groupsoffour. Choosean odd numberedline,

line 7 Peter'sgoing to join a punk rock band asfollows:
StudentA-lin¿3 StudentC-lin¿11
l) syilabtes Studenl l' rrr¿ / StudentD-lin¿.19
line 8 And Richard'sgoing to teachin Rome

ll sytlables
Iine i I Frank'sgoing to passhis driving test

| 4uau'
Iine I2 Andrhenhe'sgoingto buy himselfa car

L) sYltabtes
line 14 AndRoger'sgoing to learn how to cook

I syllables
line 19 Helen'sgoingto be in the Ol1'rnpicteam
ll syilables
>> p59

sflablesare'squashed'
Theunstressed the
between
You'regoing to havea speakingrace.Sayyour line
Veryoftenthe soundin theseunstressed
stresses. togetherwith the other studentsin your group. All
is /a/.
syllables start at the sametime and all speakasfast asyou can.
lf,f! Listento thesewordsand names. Who wasthe winner? Did any of you finish at üe same
Noticctheunstressed a' sounds. time?
lal ) lel a l¿l lalO O lel O lal Now do the samewith an evennumbered line, as
Amanda summer OlymPics human Anna
follows:
lfl Listento theeightlinesbelow.Mark the /ai StudentA-li¿eó StudentC-li¿e12
soundsin eachline. StudentB-li¡e8 StudentD-lifle14

tel >> P59

all knowwhattheywantto do
line3 My classmates
lfff Listento thefirst verseof thepoemwith
lel lal lal lal rh¡hm clicks.Asyou listen,clapwith the recording.
lineó Hannah'sgoingto stayat home
< lf, Listento the wholepoemagain.Clapthe
rh¡hm asyou readaloudwith the recording.
line 7 Peter'sgoingto ioin a Punk rock band

lin¿8 And Richard'sgoingto teachin Rome

lire ll Frankt goingto passhis drivingtest

line12 Andthenhet goingto buy himselfa car

22 Unit5
 ) L l Driver The red light's on and it's making a
terrible noise.Can you do somethingabout
Hearing
thedifference polite
between it quickly?
Mechanic OK. I'll have a look at the engine
andimpolite
offers for you.
I Readthe dialogues.The offers are underlined. >> 059

lBflil 1i51s¡an¿ mark the offerspolite (p) or

Impolite (I) in the box on the left in 2.
>> P59

. Tosound
'músic'ofyour
voice.
. Tomake a politeofferyourintonat¡on
should goupon
thestressed
word,fall,thengoupa littteattheend.The
upyougoatthestart,themorepoliteyousound.
higher

¡Elll |ll showiilo you. r:a

fff,fl Listenandpractise.
I'll buy it for you.
I'll cleanthemfor you.
I'll carryit for you.
I'll getsomefor you.

Completeeachdialoguewith an offerfrom 4.
I A Oh dear.I forgotto buy anyeggs.
B
$fl Listento the difference
betweenthe offers.
In Dialogue
2 A Thissuitcase is soheary,I can'tpossibly
A the woman¡s¡nterested
andpolite.
InDialogueBthe womanisuninterested
carryit up thosestairs.
andimpolite.
B

Readüese dialogues.Underline the offers.

3 A I can't servedrinks in thesedirty glasses.
B
I ! ¡ane Oh,no! My skirt looksterrible,
a n d I ' m g o i n go u t i n t e n m i n u t e s . 4 A I'm not having lunch today becauseI left
Paul I'll iron it for you. my Durseat home.
'¡ f-] Rob I d like to havea look at that red coat,
B
Assistant I'll get it for you in a moment. >> p59
I'm busy right now.
6 ¡EL Now practisemakingthe offerspolitely.
3 I Boss I told you yesterdaythat there weren't
any stamps.
Secretary I'm sorr¡ I forgot. I'll buy some
- ; - - - -,rt
at-ft -\
for yil)
sottr¿
now.
rou say
4 L_l Duncan I couldn't do the maths homework
lastnight.Couldyou?
Nick It waseasy.
I'll do it for you. I nl s"til;f;;;)
Youhear

Unit5 23
,
 lnl and/4/(andlqgl andlnd3{
Thesounds
nouns
Three-sy[[able
differentformsof like
Hearing

.'"""
Sounds The letter n is sometimespronounced/n/ and
sometimes/¡/. Put the words in the box into the
correct column below.
Thesounds lnl andl4l
(and/49/ and/nd3/) drink window
winter modern
sink think ankle bank
l?fl Listen to thesewords. The A words end in the
junk thanks children uncle
sound /rV. The B words end in the sound /4/' Can you
friendly pond newsagent expens¡ve
hear the difference?

lnl tr)/
w¡nt¿r sink

l![ Listenandcheckyour answers.

>> p59

3 Completethe rule.

sound
/¡/ whenthefollowing
Thelettern ispronounced
i s/ -/.

>> P59

\uF)t,
ffitd.ndup
:, to touchthetopof yourmouth. Openyourl¡ps,andpush
,: airoutthroughyournose./n/ isa voiced
sound
l:. Tomakethe sound/{/, put yourtonSue¡nthe pos¡tionto
, makethe sound/k/. Keeping yourtonguein that position,
:: try lo saylnl.lrJlisa voicedsound.

B thing lvlng Listen againto the /n/ and /¡i words in 2 and practise
sayingthem.

24 Unitó
 ñ.h*"ffi;ñ"oun."lffil*
*
th¡ng /¡g/ hungry rndS danger
*

I Put thesewords into the columns below.

srnSrnS stranSe wrong congratulations

stronSer young oranges exchanged
wedding single bungalow buildings
English darling changing king

/l/ / rlg/ /nfi/

t¡¡rg hungt'l dangc¡

8 Match up thesemini-dialogues.
I Captain! I rhink All right, Angela,you
we're sinking. can exchangeit for
another one,
HaYeyou got an But darling, he's
English-Hungarian single,ninety-nine,
dictionary? and his only niece
livesin Montreal.
l![ Listenandcheckyour answers.
This orangelooks incredible! They said
>> p59 strange,miss. the Titanic was
unsinkable.
6 Completethe rule.
We'renot inviting Bilingual dictionaries
Thelettersng at the endof a wordarealways that boring old thing are with the foreign
pronounced for Christmas! languagebooks on the
/_/.
secondfloo¡ sir.
>> P59 l![f Listenandcheckyouranswers.

Listen to some studentssayingthesesentences. >> p59

l!f,t
Circle wherethey make mistakeswith the sound /¡/. Work with a partner. Practisethe dialoguescontaining
I He's strongerthan Hercules. soundswhich are a problem for you.
2 Can't you seean¡hing?
3 Are you enjoying it here?
4 I'll ring up later.
5 He goesjoggingeveryday.
6 My brother often goesfishing.

>> P59

Unit6 25
 Wordfocus fl$l Listen to thesesentencesand mark the main
stresson the underlined words.
I
words
Three-syllable I She'sa magazinejournalist.
2 We waited in the airport for seventeenhours.
f![ Listen and saythesenameswith the correct
stress. 3 Who wants to be a millionaire?
4 We'vegot a second-handcar.
5 Todd'sonly seventeen.
6 Mr Greenwasa millionairebusinessman.
7 Arena'smy favouritemagazine.
Melanie Rel'ecca Ilern¡ d ct tc
8 I bought my computer sgeoglhaof!.
andBernadette
2 WhatareMelanie,Rebecca, like? >> pó0
3 !!nf Listenandwrite thesewordsin the correctpart
ofthe tablebelow,accordingto meaningandstress'

good-looking romant¡c tomatoes formsof like

different
Hearing
overweiSht unemployed carrotsoup
journalist Aberdeen you hear.
l!f,lf Listenandtick (/) the sentences
beautiful
sociable musician Birmingham I a What'syour sisterlike?
impolite sausaSes Bologna b Whatdoesyour sisterlike? '/
I'd like a strawberryice-cream.
Oo¡ ¡O¡ ¡ ¡ O b I like strawberryice-cream.
Melanie Rebecca Bernadette 3 a Would you like to go dancing?
looks b Do you like going dancing?
character 4 a Tina's like her mother.
job b Tina likes her mother.
favourite food 5 a How do you like your coffee?
favourite city b How would you like your coffee?
6 a Wearen'tlike eachother.
l!f! Listenand checkyour answers.Who do you b Wedon'tlikeeachother.
think is thebesteirlfriendfor Luisi? pó0

below.
l!f,[f Listenandcompletethe sentences
's
I She v¿rylit4 her mother.
>> PóO 2He his eldersister.
3 I in London.
Listen again and practisesayingthe words with the
correct stress. 4 What drink?
5 n e anyoneln
his family.
Iike you?
>> PóO

I 26
 -

f Consonant
symbols2
f Thesounds
l0l andlól
,'&xr* f Present
PerfectandPastSimple

Sound Lookatthegroupsof symbols

below
A contains
voiceless
sounds.
Consonant
symbols
2 .Bcontainsvo¡cedsounds.

!fif Listento thesesoundsymbolsandexamplewords.

Memorizethesoundof eachsymbol.
{/ English,
/3/ televiqion,
/t/ + ll = lfl watch,
/dl + ftl - ldl collele,
/0/ thirties,
/ó/ then,
/j/ yes,
/¡/ singer,

lllll Listen to thesewords. Write two of them next to eachsound symbol

above,accordingto the sound ofthe underlined letters.

suSar sou$ th¡s

IOU
matches changed bi4lday lol8
uluaIy special ofu!K !urope
toSether lust pleasure eleap

>> Dó0
Write asmany crazyexamplesentencesasyou can with the groups ofthree
words. Practisesayingthem.

THt, t9 9?Er.tAL:
€N6Ll9H5U9,4R l
4 ¡ml Listenandrepearthe
souncs.

Unit7 27
 lft! Listento thesewordsand ci¡clethe correct
phonetictranscription.
I jeans a ldSi:nzl l0l andl6l
Thesounds {
b lji:nzl The letters fh can be pronounced l0l or ló1. Put these
c /ji:ns/ words into the columns below,accordingto the
2 shepherd a /'tJepherd/ oronunciation ofthe Ietters¡h.
t /'shefad/
c /'Jepad/ grandfatherother them three
3 chef a /shef/ north thinSs clothes athtete
b llefl health months their leather
c lrleÍl
4 Thursday a I'ffrrzde /01 t6t
b i
'thorsdoj/
c l'92l.zdetJ lorth grandfath¿r

5 watch /wotJ/
b /wDtsh/
c iwo:0/
6 measure a /'mec:Je/
b I'rr.e7l'::'rcl
c /'fne3a/
7 hungry a /'h.r¡g ril
b /'h¡ nri/
/'h,rngril lp Listenand checkyour answers.
8 father /'fo:ther/ >> p60
b l'fo'.óal
c I'fs:óerI Canyou add more wordsto the columnsabove?
>> PóO .-. . r'a::: . ::'
'i.
Tomakethe sound/0/, touchthe backof yourtop teeth
Turn to the Sound symbol chart on p55. Write . w¡thyourtonSue.Pushout air betweenyourteethand
examplewords to help you rememberthe consonant
;,, yourtongue./0/ is a voiceless
sound.
symbolsyou havejust learnt. Underline the lettersthat
. Tomakethe sound/ó/, makethe sound/01but useyour
match the sound symbols.
vo¡ce.
I . lf youhaveproblems makingthe soundsl0l and/ói, put
yourfingerin front of yourmouthandtouchit with your
tongue,liketh¡s:

28 Unit7
j
 . Learners of English somet¡mes
pronounce
the sound
l0l aslsl,lt/, or lfl.
. Learners of English pronounce
sometimes thesound
/ól aslzl,ld,l, or lvl.

!ftf Listento somestudentsreadinethesemin!

dialogues
aloud.Circletherásoundstt=hi.hth.y
pronounceincorrectlv.

G Do you like my leathertrousers?

A SorryI brokeGolplates. H I think they're great!

B That'sall right. I didn't reallylike them.

c There are your theatreticketsl

D Thanks a lot.
I How much is that watch worth?
I About thirty pounds.

E Itt Tomt birthdayon Thursday.

F Yes,andI haven'tgot him anlthing.

K This music'sboring.
L Shh! My brother likes the Beatles!
>> pó0
Readthe mini-dialoguesaloud with a partner.
Pronouncethe letters tl, correctly.

Unit7 29
 andPast
Perfect
Present -
Simple
of t
thepronunciation lftf When do you
Listen to thesesentences.
pronounce ! as/s/?When do you pronounce t as/z/?
lfl Listenandtick
Lookat thesepairsofsentences.
(/) the sentencesyou hear.

l a Philip bought you a lovely present.

b Philip's bought you a lovely present.

2 a I neverliked maths.

D I've neverliked maths.

3 a Sheneverinvited me to her flat.

b She'snever invited me to her flat.

4 a Who burnt the frying-pan?

b Who's burnt the frying-pan?
I She'sansweredmy letter.
5 a Nick postedthat letter.
2 Who's unlockedthe deskdrawer?
b Nick's postedthat letter. 3 lt's arrived!
6 a Tell me what happened! 4 InspectorBrown'sexaminedthe room.

b Tell me what's happened! 5 Jack'senteredthe disco dancing competition.

6 My wife's invited her mother to stay.
7 a We lived in London for tlvo years,
7 David's orderedsome chamPagne.
b We'velived in London for ívo years.
8 That new record shoP'soPened.
>> p60
>> pó0
Look back at the Present Perfect sentencesin 1.
's
In which sentencesshould you pronounce as/s/?
's
In which sentencesshould you pronotnce aslzl?
>> PóO

Readthe sentencesin I and 2 aloud. Payattention to

the pronunciation of 3.

30 Unit7
 Thesounds
fl , lsl,andltf'l
Thesounds
lal andlu:l
&''.¡r
,s withor
Questions

5eii fTfl ¡;s1"tt. Circle the words you hear twice.

1 ship chip
Thesounds
ll,lsl,andltl
2 she sea
lfl Listento the dialogue.
3 shoes choose
4 short sort
5 cash catch
6 show sew
7 washing watching
8 sheet seat
>> pó0
4 Practisethe sounds.Do not useyour voice.

. To makethe
Wenearlyalwayspronounce the lenersJr5as/Ji. r¿Vs
6¿.
writethe sound/Y in otherwaystoo. yourtongueshouldbe
..-*,e;i'''':::::,.::.¡ :]::::'¡|'
forward./s/ isthe sound
that startsthe words/p.
lf[ Listen.In one word in eachline below the It canbe long.
underlined lettersare pronounced {/. Circle those (Think of a snake!)
woros.
1 chef children meqlanic teagler
. Tomakethe sound
{/,
2 e¡garette exslting spesial sity first practise
/s/. Now
3 guccessful mealure lun moveyourtongueback
sure
andup a l¡nle./y isthe
4 profeggion slCht televiqlon sinele soundthat startsthe
5 re$red recepüonist artist fantas$c words¡,/plt canbe long.
(Thinkof someone saying
6 necessarv exEgllent eertain ogean 'Be
qu¡et'l)
>> pó0 . Tomake thesound /tf,
. f¡rstpnct¡se/t/ and{/.
Thesound
{/ isoftenconfused
with/s/ and/tf. Begin to make /t/. Now
moveyourtongue away
fromthetopof yourmouth.
/t/ isthesound that
startsthewordch,p.
It isalwaysshort.

Unit8 3'l
5 Workon your own.Writedownten wordsfrom 3.
It ¡sa shortsound.
6 Workwith a partner.Dictateyour ten wordsto your Inthewordsin Boxl- thevowelsoundis/u:/.
partner.Writedowntheten wordshe/shedictatesto .lt isa tonS
sound,
you.Whenyouhavefinished,compareyour listsof
words.
makingthe sounds.
I Practise
Countthe /fl soundsin eacb
Readtheseheadlines. lllai
sentence. piTomake thesound i<.r/, ioi
yourlipsalittLe
íi, open

I
EnglishShoppersShort of Cash \ {:. andmake thema little
^_ -_r i:: round. Keepthesound
i:, stort.
r
Swedish FashionShow Shocks Bdt¡sh
ii::

.Iryflation
t_ "^^
Hits RussianChampagne i". _lo maketnesouno/u:/. x ¡ ,
ii makeyourlipsvery 2
Ambit¡ousScottishReceptionistShoots Boss andhard. \:ra dt(
fj,.round
':l
Makethe soundlong. t '
Irish FíshingShip Sinksin Pacific O-ceanI ..../
:.
>> pól s'
llitrl Listen and practisesayingthe headlines. 4 ¡ffl Listenandcirclethewordsyou hearin these
sentences.
lul andlu:l
Thesounds
Work with a partner. Usea dictionary if you needto.
1 Howdo you spell'fuII'l'fool'2.
2Itsays'Pull' /
'Pool'onthatdoor. I
I

,"
Make sureyou understandall the words in the boxes 3 LookI laka will you be quiet?
below.
4 Don't leavethat sootI suittherel
Box S Box L

5 Look up the meaning ofthese words in a dictionary.

a room with a view
an afternoon cruise
Would you like new
boots?
ffll Youwill heareight pairsof words.Listenand a few queues
decide.Are thewordsin eachpair thesameor
different? fruit with sugar
a look at the woods
fonduesor barbecues
book through Thomas
Cook
good food
I shouldn't be rude

Example a shoemuseum You couldn't do better

I fuit...futl llill Listenandmark the/u/, /u:/, and/ju:/ sounds

t .4áñ-é\ different
2 same different
3 same different
4 same different
32 Unit8
asfollows:
5 same different
Circle the /o/ soundslike this: @m
6 same different
Underline the /u:/ and /ju:/ soundslike this: view.
7 same different.
>> PóI
8 same different
>> pól Practisesayingthe words, paying attention to the long
and short ¿lsounds.
I

i
 Listen again and completethe dialogues.
1 A Do you want t¿a or aoftao ?
withor
Questions
B Oh, . please.
lff,f We ask or questionswhen we give someonea
A
choiceoftwo things. Listen to this questionwith or,
Which intonation pattern do vou hear? B , Please.
J J A With or without?
1 Do you want tea or coffee?
1 1 B Oh, no for me, please.
2 Do you want tea or coffee?
--\
J 2 C Would you like
Do you want tea or coffee?
with themeal?
, t 1
Do you want tea or coffee? D Mmm ... I think would
>> be nice.
P6l
C All right.Wouldyou prefer
2 Lord and Lady Sneerare formal, but unfriendly.
or -?
D Erm ... -._ , I think.
E Next,please.
CanI helpyou?
F A-and
, please.
or
?.

F , Please.
E To
or
Jamesand Bridget are informal, but Íiiendly. , please.
>> P6l

Work with a partner. Readeachdialoguealoud. Pay

attention to your intonation.

Now chooseone dialogueand read it twice. The first

time make your voicesflat and hard. Be unfriendly!
The secondtime make your voicessoft. Be friendly.

Act out your dialoguein front ofthe class.Everyone

has to guess- are you being fiiendly or unfriendly?

fXEl Youwill hearüree dialogues. Listenand

decide.Are thepeopleformalor informal?Are they
friendlvor unfriendlv?
>> p6l

Unit8 33
 li:l andlil
Thesounds
andsentence
Wordcounting patterns
stress
interest
Showing andsurprise

3 Practisemakins the sounds.

li:l andlil
Thesounds
Work with a partner. Usea dictionary ifyou needto'
Make sureyou understandall the words in the boxes.
. Tomakethe sound/i:/, smileandopenyourmoutha
little.li:/ is a lonSsound.lt comesin the wordsFee¡and
ie¿t.
. Tomakethe sound/:/, openyourmoutha little more.
/r/ is a shortsound.lt comesin the wordsfi¡ andsl¡.

lf,fl Listen to the recordingand write the words you

hear in the gapsin the sentencesbelow.

Box L BoxS
I
2
J

7
8 I Thosearelarge gi¡s !
9 2 Canyou that?
l0 3 Has your lost the match?

Listento the recording.Circlethewordsyou 4 Thoseare nice

!fl
hear. 5 How are you going to
6 What a hard
Checkvour answerswith a partner.
>> pól
. Inthewordsin BoxS,thevowelsouMis//.

34 Unit9
 Look at thesewords with a partner. BoxI the /i:/
words and circle O the /r/ words accordinsto the
soundofthe underlinedletters.Usea dictiónaryifyou Wordcounting
andsentence patterns
stress
don't know the meaningor pronunciationof the
woros, Listen.How manywordsdo you hearin each
!l!l
sentence?
Contractions
countastwo words.
w99k enough remember trip Exanple
business m9 bicycles people I 2 i 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 01 1
Where'll you go if you don't find a hotel? = 11words
flnlshed message vlsa season
I E
lf,fl Listenandcheckyouranswers.
>> PóI
Listen again and practisesayingthe words with the 2 n
recording.

Work on your own. Write down ten words from the

boxesin 1.
3 E

¿fl

- f l
J L I

6 n

7 a

8 I
I Work with a partner. Dictate your ten words to your
partner.Write down the ten words he/shedictates
to you. When you havefinished, compareyour lists of
words. >> pól
Listen again.Write the sentencesyou hear in tlle gaps
in 1.

>> pór

Unit9 35
 Look at the stresspatternsfor sentences1, 2, and 3.
Listen to them again.Notice the sentencestressand
r
contractedforms. interest
Showing andsurprise
{
I ¡rO¡OoOoo
'!f,f!
2 OocOooO¡O Whensomeone tellsyousomethinSinterestir¡8,
youcanshowyour¡nterest
byaskinga short'reply'
.- rO¡rOO quest¡on,
l¡kethis:

Now look at the stresspatterns for sentences4-8.

Listen again and count the syllables.Which stress
pattern matcheswhich sentence? Write the number of
the sentence.
lf,lf lf yourvoice
isflatyouwillsound
uninterested.

My uncleia fortuneteller

Jff,l lfyouwantto sound yourvoice

reallyinterested,
shouldstartlowandfinishhigh.
f¡rstexaggerat¡ng,
Pract¡se, likethis:
l
f) ]J .J
ls he? lshe? lshe?

I Lookat therulesfor makingreplyquestions.

{
¡r:
!1'nules
o$When theverbóeisinthesentence.usethecorrect
form
$i,ofbe in therepty question.
€!a,--. ''----'--'_
a O¡or¡O n p'.( Mvuncles a {ortune teller\
b O¡¡O¡¡¡Oo n i Gt"¡>
c ¡OOo¡OO n $ Whenanother verbisinthesentence.
auxiliary usethe
d oO¡¡OoO tr $i.correct
e
formof that verbin the replyquestion.
" (,---:-:-------
e orOrOO I Hes8ot¿ Sypsy
a.:'------
caravan ;>.
>> PóI , (t;;h"L-
Listenagainand repeatthe sentences. Makesureyou ii Whenthereisnoauxiliary verbinthesentence, usethe
put the stressin the correctplaces,anddon'tforgetthe i:t.conect form of do.
't--"..-............-..................................-.--."-."-"".."""."."".-'---
contractedforms.
:a , - @Helikeslook¡n8
-----\
intothefuture.

i:,€::'h9F
"

36 Unit9

d
 Oh, yes.There'sa computer in her caravan,
you see.

Mmm. And now I'm interestedin fortune telling.

?

Whatt more I've startedreadinglots of books

about it.
l0
Yes.And sometimesmy friends askme to tell
their fortunes.
Completethis conversationwith reply questions.
1t
My aunt's a fortune teller.
Naturally I alwayssayyes.
l ?
Yeah,sheusesa crystalball to seeinlo the future.
t2

lf,fl Listenandcheckyouranswers.
Mmm. It belongedto my granrry >> pól
Listen again and repeatthe reply questionswith the
Yeah.Shecan read the lines on your hand aswell. recording.Sound interested.

Work on your own. Write down some surprising 'facts'

And she'salso got somevery old Tarot cards. about a relativeofyours. (You don't haveto be
truthfirl!)
Example
My wifeb a film star.
She'sgot a housein BeverlyHills.
I'm her sixth husband.

&j Htf,
Yeah,one pack is over 100yearsold.
Mmm. And she'srecentlyboughta horoscope
programmefor hercomputer.
lFFl ¡¡r¡"tr ,o ,he short dialogue below. Can you
hear that B's voice startsvery low and goesup very
high at the end ofeach question?
A My wife's a film star.
B Is she?
A Yes.She'sgot a housein BeverlyHilJs.
B Hasshe?
A Yes.Ofcourse, I'm her sixü husband.
B fue you?

Now work with a partner to make similar dialogues.

m
Student A Tell your partner what you havewritten
down.
Student B Showyour surprise,using reply questions.

@IFil
Payattention to your intonation.
When you finish, swap roles.

Unit9 37
 !

symbols
Diphthong
vowelsoundsl
are'double
Diphthongs

Put thesewords into the gapsin the phrasesbelow

Usethe picturesand a dictionary to help you. 7Mr

bear
cow
beer
fly
bow
Grey
boy
hair
drinkinga askingthe
I
hello tie tour crow
deer toy way Moor

8 Mrs
'-
saying !' ona

fl$f Listen and check your answers. {

a _
making a pól

Listen again and memorize the phrases.Eachphrase

practisesa diphthong symbol. (Can you find the
symbolsin the pictures?) ¡
{
I 1

¡
a_ 4 a- holding
wearrnga a ,

38 Unitl0
 llllfl Listen to these sound symbols and example
words. lt{emorize the sound ofeach diphthong.
lel +l = letl dav. Strongformprepositions
attheend
of questions
/oJ + ltl = la¡l my,
Readpart ofthe story'Love on a train'. Put a word
from the box into eachgap.
/c:l + ltl = lttl boy,
to about TO at
hJ + lal = lnl near, AI off from in

lel + /e/ = /ee/ where,

Forsometime Nancylooked(1) al the
/e/ + /a/ = laal go, handsome youngmansitting oppositeher.
Finallyhe smited(2) her andsaid
'Helloi
lo:'l+ lul = /aul now'
It wasa long trip and they tatked (3) _
/ul + lal = lael tour* lots of things.Hecame(4) Toulouse,
andhe wasinterested(5) _ photography.
* Many younger native speakersrarely usethis sound,
Whenhe got (6) - the train in TouLouse,
They often use/J:/ instead.
Nancysawa bookon the seat.Shedidn't knowif it
lllp Listento thesewords.Write them next to the belonged(7) - the handsome Frenchman,
diphthongsymbolsabove,accordingto the soundsof but shedecidedto write (8) _ the address
the underlinedletters.
in the front of the book.

Dqy repatr qnLy n9!se

nere train try nome ff l ¡isggr an¿ check your answers.
brqryn enJqyeo cLear norsy
poor wqy there
>> pól
SUre

Someprepositions
haveweakformswhentheyarenorat {
>> Dól theendof a sentence.
Inthetextabove,
these
prepos¡tions
areweak:
5 ¡mtl Listento thesewordsand circlethe correct
phonetic transcription. Strong Weak
1 wide a lwetdl b@ clwrcü to ltl]:l lfál
2 place a /plers/ b /plars/ c /plees/ at letl /áfl
3 poison a I'ptzanl b I'paozanl c /'pauzanl from /frnm/ /frel¡,l
4 hear a lheal b lhael c /hlel - llkeoff lofl, aboutle'bautl, a d in
. Someprepositions
5 nowhere a /'nauwer/ b /'noowea/c /'nauwra/ -
tnl onlyhavea strongform.
6 round a /raond/ b /rcmd/ c haundl :
7 slowly a /'sleall bi 'slo<¡li/
c /'slauli/
8 Europe a I' jaarcpl b /Jerap/ c /'juarap/ Manyverbsareusedwith a t.sü;X;,roo¿r&
>> p6l ¿t).Thepreposit¡on
followsthe verb,andso in questions
it
¡sat the end.
Tirrn to the Sound symbol chart on p55. Write in :i:lili
'::ali
examplewords to help you rememberthe double trlx
vowel symbols.Underline the lettersthat match the r::.*
sound symbols. ,!S
Unitl0 39
 Look at the text again.Write questionslike the one in
the examplefor the answersbelow. ¡ntheword¡r.
ending
1 Who did h¿-, smile aL? Her. Erample
Whatisit?(notWhat\it?)
2 What - talk - ? Lots of things.
Thecontracted formof AmI not?isAren'tl?
3 Where come - ? Toulouse.
Ex¡mpl€
4 What interested - ?. Aren'tI goinS
w¡thyou?
Photography.
5 Where get - ? In Toulouse. Rewritethesesentenceswith contractionswhereyou
can. (There are four where you can't usecontractions,
6 Who - belong - ?
and one with a strangecontraction!)
Shedidn t know.
1 You should not eat fatty foods.
7 Which write - ?
The one in the front ofthe book. You shoukl'.'l ¿aI fattv foods.
lflil?l lis1s¡ ..¿ check your answers. 2 Shecannot speakltalian very well.
>> pól
A You havenot read it, havevou?
isat the endof a question,
the
A
iationis stronS.
B Yes,I have.
Listen again.Repeatthe questions,paying attention to B
the strong form prepositions. 4 Thereis a busstopoppositethe library.

speech
Connected
5 Seanwould like to be an astronaut.
Contractions
6 I am right, am I not?
i
7 It will be the biggestcity on earth.

8 What areyour names?

9 Who is it?

10 I did not useto watch much TV as a child.

>> pó2

tl![ arepronounced
Listento howthecontractions
Listen againand repeatüe sentences.

40 Unitl0
 tl Thesounds

Weak
/e/,lel, andI tl
Wordlinking
formauxiliaries
andpassive
verbs

Thesounds
lel, lal, andI tl
Work with a partner. Look at thesegroups ofthree
words. Usea dictionary to checkthe meaning ofany
woros you want.
bed bad bud

llllf Listenandcirclethewordsyou hear.Thefirst

threewi¡rdsarecircledfor you.Canyou hearthe
differencebetweenthem?
1@ bug bug
.7--\
2 bag {Das) b.,g
3 bag
@
4 Ben ban bun
5 Ben ban bun
6 ser sacks sucks
7 sex sacks sucks
8 ten tan ton
9 ten tan ton
10 bed bad bud
ll bed bad bud

Inthewordsinthemiddle,
thevowelsoundis/¡rl.
Inthewordsontheright,thevowelsoundis/,r/,

Unitll 4l
 Practisesayingthe sounds.
Tomakethe sound/e/,open
yourmouth
andsm¡le.
lllll Lookat this map.Listenandwrite thenumbers
- ---.,.,'|1
.' .. .'....-.'-,.,.,..'.. for thedifferentbuildingsin thekeybelow.
Éfu
R E E T

/e/ isa shortsound.

/e/ €'t

4 ¡iifl sayingall the /e/ wordsin 1 on p41.

Practise

Tomakethe sound/e/,
yourmouthmoreand
dont smilesomuch.
/a/ isa shortsound.
Y,& I
\/

5 ¡i¡[l sayingall the/e/ wordsin I on p41.

Practise n =bookshop I = church ! = hospital
I = butcher's n=cine-u I =hotet
Tomakethe sound/,r/, keep
yourmouthopenbut don't ñr{
isa short
smileat all../¡./ -
l0 Work on your own.Writedifferentnumbersfor each :
sound. 1"-.,,,,-
ofthe buildingsbelow.
I =[brary I = r,.-sagent's n =school
= museum ! = postofñce I = supe.-"rket
6 fñtrl Practise saying all the /,t/ words in 1 on p41.
ll Work with a partner. One of you is StudentA and one
7 Work on your own. Make a list of ten words ftom 1. ofyou is StudentB.

8 Work with a partner.

Student A Sayyour words one by one to your Partner.
(Don't point or sayan¡hing but the words on your
Stud€nt A Ask Student B where eachbuilding is in
his/her town.
I
I
list.)
Student B Listen. After your partner saysa word,
point to the picture of it in 1. Student B Tell StudentA where eachbuilding is in
your town. (Don't point to your map!)
Student A Ifyour partner points to the correct

I
'yes'.
picture, nod your head for Ifyour partner points
'no'.
to the wrong picture, shakeyour head for
When you have finished, swap roles. Now B saysüe
i words and A points. When you finish, checkthat StudentA hasgot the
correct numbers for eachbuilding.
Now swaproles.
{
Student B Ask StudentA where eachbuilding is in
his/her town.
Student A Reply.

42 Unitll
 llllil 166¡ ¿¡ 1hetext. Listen and mark the word
linkine.
Wordtinking
Whena wordbeginswith a vowelsound, the '&
consonant soundat the endof the wordbeforelinkson to
it. {SeeUnit1.)

Most people'spicture_ofua typical_Englishmanjs_a

man_in_a suit, with an umbrella, a copyof The Times,
Kellogi ComFlakes
werlinvented_in*eighteen and a bowl¿rhat. Not everyoneknows, however,that
ninetyfour.
this hard, low, round-brimmed hat wasinventedin the
nineteenthcentury,or that it wasnamed after a pair of
British hat makers,Thomas and William Bowler.

The first exampleofa bowler hat was orderedby a

country gentleman,Thomas Coke,who lived in
Norfolk. He wanted a strong and practicalhat that he
could wear when he went out shooting.

In America the bowler hat is known as a derby.

traIners_are
sotd-alLover >> pó2

if There
is
tsno linkingbet ffiFl Listen and practisethe first linked phrase,
rse* marked
)oby
Dya commac starting from the end, like this:
surt
n_a_surt
n_in_a suit
man_in_asuit, efc.

Now practisesomeofthe other linked phrasesin the

passagein the sameway, starting from the end each
time.

When you are read¡ try readingthe whole passage

p
Batt-point
D)nsr¿or'birosl
en5., aloud, paying attention to the word linking.
journal¡stf
a Hungar¡an n

Unitll 43
 Weakformauxiliaries verbs
andoassive 3 ¡¡lID Thirteenwordsaremissingfromthearticle.
textandput a f wherethereis
Listento thecomplete
Usea dictionary to checkthe meaning ofthe words in a missineword.
the box.

jewels(noun)
BANK ROBBERY'N CR'C'QEilOOD
safe(noun)
steal(verb) masked (adjective) A cleaning woman, Mrs Ethel
crime(noun) robbery(noun)
shoot(verb) reward(noun) Boggis,/shot in a bankrobbery
in Cricklewood yesterday
evening.She said to be safeand
comfortable in hospital. The

r@ll
Y-.-.Jlit
i bank brokeninto by two masked
men. They have not yet found. A Mts Boggis
total of fl million stolenin the robbery,and a bag
of jewels also taken.The jewels kept in a bank safe
by Lady AgathaCrickle who told the bad news late
last night by the bank manager.
'Most of my jewels made of
gold,' she told repofers. 'My
favouritering made in China
threehundredyearsago.I can't
AiTf ED B A N K
possiblybuy anotherone.'
LadyCtickle A red Ford Ka,yeennear the
bank and later found in a car park at Heathrow
5L"É9 Airport. A reward is offered by the police for any
information about the crime.

4 Write in the missing words. Don't listen to the

recordingagain.
When you finish, listen againand checkyour answers.

Thewordsin 1 comefrom a newspaper articleyou are >> pó2

goingto read.Whatdo you think it'sabout?

of the verbbe in the

andnoticethe Dronunc¡ation
verbforms.lt isveryweak.

Coverthe article.Workwith a partner.Usethe words

in 1 to retellthe story.Payattentionto your
pronunciationofthe passive verbforms.

¡14 Unitll
- , I
llry rÉ l2 Thesoundslel andletl
Words withsilentletters
Linkingin phrasalverbs
':;¡S{ll ,,l¡.*@

-l

Practisethe sounds. :g

Thesounds
/e/ andleil . Tomakethe sound/e/, openyourmoutha little andsmite.
. /e/ isa shortsound.
Work with a partner. Usea dictionary ifyou need to.
Make sure you understandall the words in the boxes . Tomakethe sound/e/, f¡rstwritethe symbols /e/ and/l/
below on separatecards.Hotdup the /el cardinyourleft hand.
Turnyourheadleft andsay/e/. Makeit short.Openyour
Box S Bo¡ D moutha little more.Turnyourheadrightandsay/r/. Make
1 it short.

2 fllfl Holdup bothcards.Turnyourheadquicktyfrom

3 sideto s¡de.Say/e/ whenyouturn left and/r/ whenyou
turnr¡ght.(eepthe soundsshort.Repeat th¡sthreetimes.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

2 ¡¡El Listenand circlethe wordsyou heartwice.

fDEl ¡syy ¡¡¡¡ y6urheadleft andsay/e/. Makeit long,

Turnyourheadslowlyri6htandchange the/e/ soundto /r/.
te/.
':_ lt ¡sa singlevowel. Repeatthisthreetimes.
Nowsay/e/ at normalspeed.Remember thata diphthong
.:. InBoxD the vowelsoundof the underlined
lettersis/er/.
,1¡lt isa'doublevowel is a bit [ongerthana singlevowelsound.{Makethe/e/
soundlor diphthong,madeofthe
lonSandkeepthe/, shortl)
li sound/e/ followedbythe sound/r/.
!tt, -. ,,:-:r..- r..:,_.:,:_*:;;

Unit12 45
 lllll You will hear six questions.Tick (/) the
correct responsefor eachquestionyou hear.
1 Are you going to sellI sail ¡ltatboat? withsilentletters
Words
a Yes,I want to buy a new one.
Thesewords all contain silent letters.Crossout the
b Yes,ifthe weatherstaysgood.
silent letterslike this:
Have yoo got a pen I Paínl I \l \/

a No, but I've got a pencil. eXost

"t' Xland Xnow r\¡o
/' / /
b Yes,in my ankle.
castle comb wrist
Did you want somepepperI PaPer? ,
a No, some salt. daughter might fruit
b No, some card.
opera cupboard bought
CanI seeherletterI later?,
Listen foreigner friend
a No, it's personal.
b Yes.I think she'slreethis afternoon. designer handsome su¡t
Can yo.u testI tasteit? whale lamb wh¡te
a Yes,we'll sendit to the laboratory tomorrow. could night wronS
b Yes,I'm sure it's got rum in it.
scissors cheque two
6 Do you like the shedI shade?.
a Yes.Did you really make it? answer champagne yoghurt
b Yes.It's too hot in the sun today.
Work with a partner. Compareyour answers. llll?l 1;51s¡ .t¿ check your answers.
>> Pó3 >> pó3

Work with a partner. Put thesewords into the columns
below,accordingto the sound ofthe underlined letters.
(One word can go in both columns.) Usea dictionary
to checkthe meaning and pronunciation ofthe words
ifyou want.
Listen again and repeatthe words. Make sureyou don't
pronounce the silent letters.
Work on your own. Write sentencesusing asmany of
the words in 1 asyou can.

cqke dqnger steak again

l9t sqys weiSht trqln
hgcd said vqry jealous
8rgqt health anywhere expl4ns

lel /etl
let aakc

Ex¡mples
fhors ¡f'ightb¿norc f¡ lwoghostsir th¿o8tl¿.
WhoboughttheÍruit yoghurtin the aupboanl?
fhe ha¡.lsoñeforaígnorwor¿a wh¡tosuil.
fhe opcradesigner &ank ahempagrio allnighl.

Workwith a partner.Exchange Practise

sentences.
fllFl Listenand checkvour answers. readingyour partner'ssentences
aloudasfastasyou
>> p63 can.

46 Unit12
 2 Mark the linkinq in thesesentences.

Linkingin phrasalverbs Put them on!

Ti*e them offl

Fill it in!

Put it down!

Look it upl

llffl Listenandcheckyouranswers.
tlfff Listenandcompletethe sentences
with phrasal
verDs. >> pól

I Please con¿l¡ ,I was w¿iti¡gfor you.

3 Now practisethe sentences.Payattention to linking.

2 I'm aíiaid I yesterday. 4 fÍlÍl 1is1.n ¡o Oeopletelling you what to do.

Respondto eachsentencethe sameway as B.
3 rll the bottles when Example
the children. A
4 but it isn't in the dictionary. Put on your coat. l'vealreadypul it on.
Youhear Yousay
5 Where are your gloves? before
you
B
I've alreadyput it on.
Youhear
>> Pó3

>> Pó3

Unit12 47
 Thesound/h/

t3
Syllable
counting
Four-syllable
words
Corrective
stress
*'x' -S

Work with a partner. Put thesesentencesinto the

correct order. There may be more than one possibility.
Thesound
/h/ I helped/I/have/?

Circle the words in the box below which contain the

sound /h/. / hateI eatrngll | |
2 hamburgers

somewhere what hospital hours

3 in / Abigail / here/ hoovered/ has/ ?
hotel happy why when
who honest heaven which
4 Aunt Hannah / Alan Harbord / his / adores/ .
half homeless exhausted hurts

5 heart attack/ had / Harriet ElstonI old I a | .

lfErl Listenandcheckyour answers.
Youwill only
hearthewordswith the sound/h/.
>> P63 6 Helmut/ Anna/ hurriedly/ about/ asked/
Enslish/ homework/his/.
Tomake /h/, openyourmouthandpushairout.
thesound
is
/h/ a soft (Don'tmakeit hardor useyourvoice.)
sound.

llp Listen and compareyour answerswith the

2 Listen to the /h/ words from 1. Practisesayingthem. sentenceson the recording.
3 flfif Listen to somestudentssayingthesesentences. >> Dó3
Circle the /h./soundswhich they don't pronounce
correctly. Listen again and repeat the sentences.Pay attention to
the correct Dronunciationofthe /h./sounds.
I His houseis at the top ofthe hill.
2 Hello, Peter!How are you? carenotto pronounce
Take infrontof
/h./sounds
3 Itt very hot in here. wordsthatbeginwithvoweIsounds.
L¡nkthelast
sound withthesevowels
of thewordbefore instead.
4 He'sin hospital.
Example
5 I've got a horrible headache.
rot ---fHave
/h/ | helped?
6 I had a hamburgerfor lunch. but---fHave_lhelped?
7 My hotel'snearthe school.
8 My husband'sa doctor.
9 How did you get home?
>> Pó3

48 Unit13
 Four-syllable
words
Counting
sy[[ables Do you know what thesewords mean?Check any
wordsthat you don't k¡ow in a dictionary.
ll[!! Listenandcountthe numberofsyllablesin
thesewords. absolutely decorator fortunately
businessmen tr favourite T advert¡s¡ng disappoint¡ng graduated

chocolate n interested tr biography

communicate
education
efficiently
impossible
independence
comfortable tr marriage tr concentrating everybody optimistic
conference tr medicine T conversat¡on extravagant supermarket

delicious n millionaire T
dictionary n miserable T
Put the words into this table, accordingto their stress
Dattern.
different n reslauran¡ T
documentary n several T r O¡¡ O¡¡¡ ¡¡O¡
fashionable T temperature n afuolutely
>> Dól

Listenagainandpractisethewords.Do not addany

extrasyllables.

ll![ Listento somestudentssayingthe sentences

below.
Tick (/) the sentenceifthe underlined words are
pronouncedcorrectly.
Cross(t) the sentenceif the underlined words are
pronounced incorrectly.
I This chocolateis delicious!
2 Are you interested in marriage? llfl Listenandcheckyour answers.
3 Heret some medicine for your temperature. >> Dó4
4 lt's a fashionablerestaurant.
Listenagainandrepeatthewords,payingattentionto
5 He'sa miserablemillionaire. $ress.
6 ltt a different sort ofdictionary.
Makea list of asmanyfour-syllablewotds asyou can.
7 Severalbusinessmenwerethere, How manyofthesewordscanyouaddto eachbox?
8 It was a documentaryabout a salesconference. Whenyou finish,usea dictionaryto checkthestress
patternof wordsyou arenot sureof.
9 Shefelt comfortable in her favourite chair.

tlfft Listen and repeatthe sentenceswith the correct

pronunciation.

.i

Unit13 49
 lntonation 3 A So,the addressis Mrs P Blake,46 Shakespeare
Road,London SW3?
I I

stress
Corrective Road,
B No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
London SW3,
lfllil Listen.we often stresswordsstrongly$'henwe
correctpeople. 4 A So,the addressis Mr P Drake, 46 Shakespeare
{

I
Road,London SW3?
Road,
B No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
London SW3.

5 A So,the addressis Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare

Road,London SW4?

l¡ndon SW3.
Road,
B No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare

6 A So,the addressis Mr P Blake,47 Shakespeare

Road,London SW3?
B No, it's Mr P Blake, 46 ShakespeareRoad,
I
London SW3. {
t
P64

lfllll ¡6o¡ u1t¡ese dialogues.Listen and mark the

main stressI in eachB reply.

r.rr P Blake
-.J{rs-rI Brtire- ñ ^¡l
|Roed.
.¡6-4+ Shakespeare €:tos'e-
--r+aaehes+er Sw4l¡
, /
London

Listen againand repeatthe answers.Readthe

dialoguesaloud with a partner. Payattention to the
stress.

A So,the addressis Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare

Close,London SW3?

London SW3.
Road,
B No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare

A So,the addressis Mr P Blake,46 Milton Road,

London SW3?
I
Road,
B No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
London SW3.

50 Unit13
Brian getsa lot ofwrong number phone calls.Look at
Brian'sanswersbelow.The stressis in a different place
eachtime. Can vou write a ouestion for eachanswer?

4 Readyour dialoguesaloud with a partner.

Unit13 5l
 l4 Thesounds/o/,lc:l,andleul
Wordsoftenconfused because
(hador wouldl
Hearing'd
of theirpronunciation

/Dl t7'./ tea'/

1 g n n ¿lo¿k
lol . lc:l. andlaal
Thesounds 2 T T n
' 3 T T T
g *"rou nds bllffi
lol, lcl,and
Listenandmakesureyoucanhearihe difference. n tr n
5 n x T
6 n T T
7 T n tr
8 n n n
o n n n
10 T n n
2 Listen againand write the words you hear in üe gaps.
>> oó4

Look at the words in this box. Usea dictionary to check

the meaningofany words that you are not sureof.

walk wr9n8 wqnt Sqne

agq novel water AIL
quqnel want qnly door
moment thqlg[t phone althouRh

Put the words in the columns below accordinsto the

sound of the underlined letters.

/Dl /iJ latl.l

¡valk

folks

I ¡¡!D You will hear ten words. Listen,and for each

word, put a tick (/) in the correct box accordingto the
sound you hear. tlftl Listenandcheckyour answers.
>> pó4
52 Unit14
 sound/D/, Student A StudentB will saythe name of a squareon
youfopenyourmouth your grid. Shadethe squarelke this ffi.If there is a I
andmakeyourlipsround. in the square,sayHIT. Ifthere is no X, sayMISS. If the
/D/ isa shortsound. HIT is a flying sauceror the last remaining squareofa
bigger spaceship,sayHIT AND DESTROYED.(The
shadedsquaresshow you the squaresyour partner has
alreadycalled.)
Erample

. Tomakethesound /¡:/,
youpushyourlipsforward
sporf, aoaf
@
andmakethemrounder. Student B On the grid marked Yourpartner, try to
,/c:/ isa longsound. find StudentAs spaceships.Saythe name ofa square
on the grid whereyou think there is a spaceship.If
StudentA saysHIT, draw a,l(. If they sayMISS, draw
a\J.
Now take it in turns to ask and answer.After ten
minutes stop the gameand seewho has the most
points. (You only get points for the spaceshipsyou
Thesound /eol has
twosounds, /o/ and . .l .- havedestroyed.)
. Firstsay/a/.Make
long.Nowadd/u/.
@
p John
lipsshouldclose r : : i
little asyo! make 1 spot
sound, bouSht
/ul
woke
5 Readthe words in 3 with the recording.
sport
show
6 With a partner you are going to play the game'Space Joan
Battlel In this gameyou try to find and hit your
DOa!
partner'sspaceships.
snore
Theseare the spaceships:
walK

tr flying saucer(= 5 points)

til-rl¡ rocket (= 20 points)

Ft¡¡ spacestation (= 50 points) John

Fl¡¡ spot
bought
Don't let your partner seeyour grid. On the grid woke
marked You,put crosseswhere your spaceships are. sport
You can put your rocketsand your spacestation
horizontally (-r) or vertically ( I ). show
You eachhave:
Joan
4 flying saucers 2 rockets 1 spacestation DOAT

When you haveput all your spaceshipsin your grid,

snore
you are readyto play the game.(Don't put an¡hing in watK
the grid marked Yourpartner yet.) Yourpartner

Unit14 53
 because
Wordsoftenconfused of their (fradot would)
Hearing'd
pronunciation
and
Thesepairsofwordsareoftenconfused. Checkthe
meaningofany wordsyou don't know in a dictionary.
;¡ ld likeanice-cream. = would
I chef chief 5 dessert desert .: I felt I'dbeentherebefore.=áad
2 chicken kitchen 6 quite quiet : Sometimes 'd
¡t canbe d¡fficultto hear ¡na sentence.
r.;&
3 walk work 7 recipe receipt
4 soup soap 8 dairy diary ll[!t Listen and tick (/) the sentenceyou hear each
time.
ffZtrl Listenand repeatthe pairsofwords.
a I reallylike champagne.
L
Circlethe correctword in eachsentence. D I'd really like champagne. ,/
When we arrived at the part¡, they left.
b When we arrived at the party, they'd left.
a Shesaidsheworkedin a casino.
b Shesaidshe'dworkedin a casino.
You love Marsha!
b You'dloveMarshal
He asked if we had any food.
b He askedif we'd had any food.
a He told her he loved her on their wedding day.
b He told her he'd loved her on their rveddingday.
I Sitting Bull was a very famous North American a I said they lived in Spain!
lndían chef I chief. b I said they'd lived in Spain!
2 They'vegot a very modern chickenI kitchenin >> Pó4
their flat.
flfl Listenandrepeatthesepairsofverbs.Try to
3 I walk I work asa cornputerprogrammer at IBM.
makethe 7 asclearaspossible.
4 This beefand oníon soup / soapis delicious! I like Id like
5 They rode their camelsacrossthe dessertI desert. you love you'd love
6 Our bedroom'svery quite I quiet.You can'thear she'dworked
sheworked
the noiseofthe motorway at all fiom there.
he loved he'd loved
7 Istherea recipeI receiptfor chocolatecakein
that book? we had we'd had

8 Justlet me checkín my diary I dairy to seeif I'm they left they d left
free next Wednesday. they lived they'd lived
fI[Fl Listen and checkyour answers.
Work with a partner.
>> Pó4
Student A Readsevenofthe sentencesin 1 aloud.
Listen again,and saythe sentenceswith the circled Student B Point to the sentenceyou hear eachtime.
words. When you havefinished, swaproles.

54 Unit14
 Sound
symbol
chart
&".-S ',,ii!*i.&S&

lp/ /tl tw tft lsl tet ty ttlt

tbt tdt /gl lzl tót 4t tfut

tht flt /il /wt /ml ln/ ItJl /Jt

til li.l /u:/ tol let/ /rc/ /ea/

/e/ ls:/ lc:l lol lail leel laol

/el /&t lo:/ /ct/ /UO/

Wordslike happyand,hungryend,in a shortsoundhalfivaybetween/i:/ and /r/. Somedictionariesshow this as/i/.

4Fp
z^r ',FS
\?/ ffi
Q/ \l/
Tom Ioe Paul fane

Transcribe
the followingsentences. 5 /lz wDntsts bi: n$ and 'fermesw,rn de/
1 /tDm larks 'rattrl 'p3uotrl
Toll' lik¿swriting po6trv. 6 lpc:lz a 'wel0ij,r¡ 'toanst/
2 ld3etnzgot s 'frendli braun pet kaV

7 /tDm ónd lz e god át 'sp¡enry

3 /su: wazfo:st a'sli:pwen óe 'ba:glezkenn/

8 /d3eo wg:ksrn e 'nclr;,i'gero'1l

/d3a<rbc:t a'botol av h,r¡'geerienwarnlc:st
nafiJ
@ Listen and checkyour answers.
pó4

Sound
symbol
chart 55
ffi¡: Key

How-is*it possible? If the verb ends in any other

5 quickly-and-easily voicelessconsonantsound,
6 words-on-a page you pronouncethe ending /s/.
Consonant I
symbols Ifthe verb endsin any other
¡ir in Wá-and
lntonation voicedconsonantsound or a
lpl play /sl study vowel sound,you pronounce
/bi book music Yes/Noquestions the ending /z/.
/V teacher tw hot I ¡l¡ll
/d/ drive tv letter 1 Where do tou live, Eva?* nouns
Two-syllable
lkJ can tf/ room 2 Wherls your birthday, Pablo?*
/g/ go lml mean 1 champagne 7 coffee
3 Do you havea job, Kimiko?
lfl flat tnt never 2 sardines 8 apples
4 What sort of music do you
lvl van work 3 cartoons 9 paintings
like, Stefan?*
4 Japan 10 Britain
The symbolsin Picture A are for 5 Haveyou got any brothers or
5 guitars II trumpets
soundsmadewithout the voice. sisters,Maria?
6 shampoo l2 toothpaste
(SeeDiagram 2.) They are called \ ó Can you speakthree
voicelesi sounds.The symbolsin \ languages,Xavier? Shelikesthe objecson the left
Picture B a¡e for soundsmade t How do you come to school, becausethey areall stressedon
with the voice. (SeeDiagram 1.) Fatima?* the secondsylJable,like her name:
'voiced' 8 Do you like dancing, Maurizio?
They are called sounds. ¡O oO
Wft- questions DianeDevine
I X lwl 5 '/ 9/
2 / 6 )r lf I l0 X lz,t 2 StatementI is false. O o O ¡ o O
3 / 7 / lll 2 is true'
Statement zebras country reserve
4 X lsl 8 / L2 Xlrl ¡O O o O ¡
giraffes exports diamonds
Unit2
Wordlinking
¡It:r isl , lzl , andlal
Thesounds
O r
baseball
a ¡
O o
climate
O ¡
r O
descent
a ¡
I
i I dont really speakltalian. 3 ¡il¡ mountains football swimming
(6 words)
Group I /s/: gets,makes,puts, The usual stresspattern for tlvo-
2 I'm going to work as a bakes,invites,surfs,likes,hopes syllablenouns is O o.
translator.(8 words) Group 2 /z/: tries, calls,goes,
3 We'vegot three children. does,orders,spends,drives,lives,
Strongandweakforms
4
(5 words)
My husband'sEnglish.
reads,plays,loves
verbs
of auxiliary l
(4 words)
Group 3 /z/: washes,teaches,
manages,misses,loses 2 I Yes,shedoes.
I
5 I'm enjoying my coursea lot.
( / woros/ f I You pronounce the ending /Izl 2 Yes,shehas. {
if the verb endsin one ofthe 3 Yes,shewas.
¡iTD following sounds:lsl, lzl, ll, 4 Yes,shecan.
1 a message-in-abottle tty,tül. ) Ies,they were.
2 anger-and-other-emotions 6 Yes,they do.
3 a lot-of-information 7 Yes,they have.

5ó Key
The auxiliary verbs are in the years
Saying Weak forms Strong forms
table in this order'.do, does,have, to /ta/ /ID:/
l l 1492 4 1990 7 1960
has, were,was, and can. fiom /from/ lÍrom/
2 1616 5 1939
I for lfel or lfe lfcJ
9og; Ianet live in Spain? 1918 6 1815
at /e letl
Yes,she rlggg.
7 a o of levl lovl
2 U€ shegot a job? 1314= thirteen fourteen
Yes,she has.
a a Unit4
3 Wassheborn in England? 1410= fourteen ten
Yes,shetgas. a a
4 9ag shespeakSpanish?
1492= fourteen ninety-two Single
vowelsymbols
Yes,she ea!. a a I The vowelsin PictureA are long.
5
1504= fifteenoh four The vowelsin Picture B are short.
\!g they married in Spain?
Yes,theY were. a o 2,3¡D
1616= sixteensixteen
6 lgthey share the houseworki I /i:/ tg4cher 7 /a:/ calr
Yes,they do. o a 8 /a"/ study
1713= seventeenthirteen 2 ll kitchen
7 UaLethey got any children? a o 3 /s:/ wolk 9 /t! b4ll
Yes,they have. 1780= seventeeneighty 4 /e/ cingma l0 /ol ha¡
l w w 4 W W a a 5 /u:/whq ll le I pen
7 W W
2 W S s w s 1815= eighteenñfteen 6 /u/ book L2 /E/ cat
3 W S 6 W S a o 4 The following are the words that
1840= eighteenfortF do not contain fhe vowel sound
Unit 3 a o on the left. The correct yowel
l0 1900= nineteenhundred sound is given on the right.
a o
of -ed
Pronunciation l 1 1918= nineteeneighteen | woman X ( e / )
/e/
2 t Nsugar X ( a / )
pasttenses a a
l2 1939= nineteenthirty-nine 3 Qnron X ( ¡ / )
/D/
B e r t :1 , 5 , 7 , 9 a o 4 Bil
pork X (c:{)
F r e d :2 , 4 , 8 , 1 0 ,1 2 13 1960= nineteensixty 5 tr:/ wine X (at/)
David: 3, ó, 11 6 lol carrots X ( a / )
a a 7 h l birds I (s:/)
¡I¡T 14 1990= nineteenninety
8 lttJ look )< (u /)
/l: walked,laughed,watched, The -¡¿¿nwords are stressedO o
washed when they come at the beginning 5 1 bus l^J 6 shqp /Dl
/d/: answered,planned,showed, o f d a t e sa, n d¡ O w h e nt h e yc o m e 2 tan /¡J 7 4pples le/
tried, believed,carried at the end ofdates. (The key for 3 wo¡d /s:/ 8 blue /t):l
/Id/: mended,started the exerciseshowsthe main stress 4 goad /ü/ 9 cigarette

¡r in each-t¿er word, or other part

ofthe date.)
5
ó 1
oark loJ
black 6 school
Itl
Shewalked-all day. 2 butter 7 girl
lfl Strong
andweakforms 3 pot 8 stores
We watched_it carefully. of prepositions 4 club 9 car
tdt 5 eggs l0 k y
They answered-everybody's l 1 t o 6 of 1 1 of
2 fiom 7 ar 12 from
questions.
3 for 8
Containers
to 13 for
tdt 4 al I I a bottle of wine/lemonade
He tried-a piece. 9 for
5 to l0 for 2 a packetof sugar/crisps
td/ 3 a box of matches/chocolates
They planned_it weeksago. Becausethey come in the middle
4 a tin of sardines/tomatoes
tf/ ofsentencesand are not stressed,
5 a can of cola/beer
It washed_allthe glasses theseprepositionsare all weak in
6 a jar ofcoffee/jam
beautifully. pronunciation.

Key 57
 7 a tube of tootJrpaste/glue un¡tl%
I
8 a carton ofeggs/juice
Note Perhapsit's different in your country but you can Thesound
/w/
often buy thesethings in thesecontainersin Britain. | ¡El
¡o
A--G]*hut do *e need for the party?F
warm
world
worried
watch
languages questions
B Erm ... six cansofbeer .,. a coupleofcartons
oforangejuice ... when
A Right. Note
B Two bottles ofwine - one red, one white. The words leaying, yiews, hea1ry,yiolence, and
A OK. fayourite contain /v/ sounds.
B Ma1üetwo packetsof crisps.
In the word t¡uo the letter lv is silent.
A What flavour?
B Cheeseand onion. In the following words, the letter u representsa
A Fine. rounded vowel or diphthong:
B And a tin ofblack olives. /ao/ own, borrow
A Right. And do we need anlthing for the house? /ao/ how
B Let me think: Yes,A big jar ofcoffee,and erm ... It¡l'l views
a box ofkitchen matches.Oh, yes,and a small tube
ofglue. 2 The sentencesin which /w/ is pronounced incorrectly
are:
6 cansofbeg!
1 wine lvatnJ X
a couple ofcartons of orangejuice
2 would lgwadl X
2 bottles ofwine ( I red, I white)
5 wheel lftlU X 1
2 packetsofcrisps (cheeseand onion flavour) I
a tin of blagk olives 5lb 2d 3a 4c
I
a big jar of coffee ¡
a box of kitchen matches Rhythmandlol
a sloall tube of glue {
t¡D
Listintonatio/ a
Pippa'sgoing to travel round üe world.
tfrD a a a
I trousers 9 underpants
2 skirt l0 shoes Hannaht going to stay at home.
3 swimming trunla ll boots a a a a a
4 T-shirt 12 blouse Peter'sgoing to join a punk rock band.
5 knickers 13 pyjamas a a a
6 shirt 14 bra And Richard'sgoing to teachin Rom€.
7 dress IJ üC
a a a
8 dressinggown Amanda'sgoing to move to Hollywood
Pattern I is the intonation pattern for lists.The a a a
intonation alwaysgoesdown on the last item (to show Where shehopesto becomea star.
the list is finished), and up on all the items that come
a a a a
before the last (to show there are more items to come). FranlCsgoing to passhis driving test,
¡D a a a
A My sisterSallywent to the summer salesand she And then he'sgoing to buy himself a car.
bought a pink tie.
a a a
B ... a pink tie and a greyblouse. Paula'sgoing to study up at Cambridge,
C ... a pink tie, a grey blouse,and a white skirt. a a a
D .. . a pink tie, a greyblouse,a white skirt, and some And Roger'sgoing to learn how to cook.
brown shoes.

58 Key
 a a a
Emma'sgoing to havea lot of babies,

And Sarah'sgoing to write a book. Thesounds

/n/ andlgl(and
/r3g/and/ndy')
a a a
Steven'sgoing to be a scientist
¡o
/n/: winte¡ friendl¡ modern, pond, children,
a a a ' newsagent,window, expensive
And try to help the human race. /¡/: sink, junk, think, thanks, drink, ankle,bank, uncle
a a a a The letter n is pronounced /¡/ when the following
Heleni going to be in the Olymprc team sound is /k/.
a a a
And finish in the long jump in first place. ¡@
/r hg/ lnd!
/ine 3 = l0 syllables llr¡¿11 = 8 syllables thing hungry danger
line 6 - 7 syllables lin¿ ]2 = l0 syllables eirioino ctr^nocr strange
line 7 =9 syllables line 14=9 syllables wedding English oranges
line 8 = 8 syllables ün¿ 19 = 1l syllables young single changing
lel darling bungalow exchanged
/el lel lel
line 7 Peter'sgoing to join a punk rock band wrong congratulations
buildings
lel lal lal lel king
Iine 8 And fuchard'sgoing to teachin Rome
The letters rg at the end of a word are always
/e/ /¿/
pronounced/¡/.
line 11 Frank's goingto passhis driving test
lal /e/ lal lal Note
Iine 12 And,then het going to buy himself a car We saythe adjectives long, strong, and youngwith a
/a/ final /¡/. We saythe comparativeand superlativeforms
/o/ /¿/ lal lal
line 14 AndRoger'sgoing to learn how to cook with /¡ge/ or /¡grst/.

lel lal lal lel Apart from theseexceptions,words with a final /4/ do
line J9 Helen'sgoing to be in the Olympic team not changepronunciation when endingsare added.
Note Erample
The number of stresses is more important than the ring lrn¡/ --+ ringing l'rt4t4l
number ofsyllablesin making an English sentence sing lst4/ --.r singer /'sr¡a/
long or short to sa¡ Becauseofthis, you can saylines young ljtql --+ youngish I' jqtl
3, 7, 11,and 19 (which havefour stresses)in the same fÍfr
amount oftime, or lines 6, 8, 12,and 14 (which have 1 He'sstro /¡/ er than Hercules.
three stresses),in the sameamount of time. The four- 2 Can't you seean¡hin /¡k/?
stressedlines will all take a little longer to saythan the 3 Are you enjoying it here? /
three-stressed lines. 4 I'll ri /¡gi up later.
5 He goesjoggin I I every day.
Hearing
thedifference polite
between 6 My brother often goesfishing. /
andimpolite
offers The matched-updialoguesare asfollows:
I PauI I'tl iron it lo¡ vou. I and c (practisinglnl,l4l, and,lgV)
2 Assistant I'll eet it for vou in a momenr. 2 and d (practising¡n' and /09/)
3 SecretarvI'll buv somenow. 3 and a (practisinglnd3l,lnl, and ln/)
4 Nick I'll do it for vou. 4 and b (practising lql, lnl, lr1gl, and,lml)
5 Mechanic I'll havea look at the enginefor ]'ou.
3lP 2P 31 4P 5I
5 rI'll getsomefor you. 3 I'll cleanthem for you.
2 I'll carryit for you. I'll buy it for you.

Key 59
 words
Three-syllable l0l andlól
Thesounds
1,4 ¡TIT
Ooo ¡O ¡ o r O /0/: north, health,things, months, three, athlete
Melanie Rebecca Bernadette /ó/: grandfather,other, them, clothes,their, leather
beautiful goodJogking overweight
looks
sociable romantic impolite
t¡E
character A Sorry I broke idl oseplates.
job journalist musician unemployed
B That's all right. I didn't reallylike them. /
favouritefood sausages tomatoes carrot soup lzl ere are your /s/ eatretickets!
C
favourite city Birmingham Bologna Aberdeen
D /t/ anks a lot.
The bestgirlfriend for Luigi is Rebecca.Shet good- E lt's Tom'sbirthday on ThursdaY./
looking and he'sattractive.She'sromantic and he's F Yes,and I haven'tgot him an¡hing. /
old-fashioned.She'sa musician and he'sartistic. She G Do you like my lea /2,/er trousers? .
likes Bolognaand he'sItalian. H I think they're greall /
I How much is that watch wor /s/?
5 ¡ About /f/ irty pounds.
journalist. I
I She'sa magazine
K This music'sb oring. /
O L Shh! My bro /d/ er likes /v/ e Beatles.
2 We waited in the airport for seventeenhours.
Perfect
Present -
andPastSimple
3 who wantsto bea rnillioni?re? 's
thepronunciation
of
o I lb 2a 3b 4b 5a 6a 7a
4 We'vegot a second-handcar.
o I In sentencesI,2, 4, andT ! is prounced/z/. This is
5 Todd'sonly seventeen. becauseit follows a vowel sound or a voicedconsonant
o sound.
's
6 Mr Greenwasa millionairebusinessman, In sentences3, 5, 6, and 8 is pronounced/s/. This is
o becauseit follows one ofthe voicelessconsonants/f/,
7 Arena's my fatrourite magazine. lkl , ltl, or lpl .
o Note
8 I bought my computer secondhand. When hasfollows the sounds/s/, /z/, ltl, ld3l, /[/, or
/g/, we do not write it as a contraction, and we
forms of like
different
Hearing pronounceit as/h azl or /ez/.,

I lb 2a 3b 4a' 5b 6a Example
itJr The matchhasfinished.
2 ¡ilD /dy The bridge has fallen down.
I She'svery like her mother.
2 He doesn'tlike his elder sis¡er. 3 Pronouncethe t as/s/ in PresentPerfectsentences1, 5, {
3 I'd like lo live in London. and 6.
's
4 What would you like to drink? Pronouncethe as// in PresentPerfectsentences3
5 He isn't like anyone in his family. and,4.
Does shelike you?

l
6
Unit8
Unit7
/J/,lsl, andltll
Thesounds
Consonant 2
symbols I chef 4 profession
/J/ sugar,special t0t south,birthday 2 special 5 receptionist
/3/ usuall¡ pleasure /6t together,this 3 sure 6 ocean
/tJ/ matches,cheap tj/ you,Europe ¡D
/d3l changed,just trJ/ drunk,long I ship chip ship
5la 2c 3b 4c 5a óc 7a 8b 2 she sea sea

60 Key
3 choose shoes shoes A Black or white? 3 I'll write if I havetime.
4 short sort short B White, please. 4 We'll phone if the bus is late.
5 catch catch cash A With sugaror without? 5 How will they get here if it's
6 sew show sew B Oh, no sugarfor me, snowing?
7 washing watching watching please. 6 If shegoes,will you stay?
8 seat sheet sheet 7 We'll take you if you like.
2 C Would you like beer or
The underlined lettersare 8 I won't come if you don't
wine with the meal?
want.
pronounced/fl. D Mmm ... I think wine
would be nice. 14d 5b 6e 7a 8c
I Enelish shoppersshort of
caoh(4)
c All right. Would you prefer
red or white? Showing
interest
anh
2 Swedishfaqhion glow shocls
British (5)
D Erm . .. white, I think.
urPnse
3 Inflalion hits Russian 3 E Next, please.Can I help you?
ghampagne(3) F A hamburger and a Coke, Is she? 7 Has she?
4 Ambi[ous Scottig! please. Doesshe? 8 Is there?
receptionistEhootsboss(4) E Largeor regularCoke? Did it? 9 Are you?
5 Irish fishine shio sinks in F Regula¡ please. Can she? l 0 Haveyou?
PacificOcean(4) E To eat here or take away? Has she? 1 1 Do they?
F Thkeawa¡ please. Is it? 12 Do you?
Thesounds
I
lal andlvl
same 5 different Unit9 ,ea Unitl0 riil
2 different 6 different
3 same 7 different Thesoundsli:l and/a Diphthong
symbols
4 different 8 same I bear,hair 5 deer,beer
¡Btl
1 'fool' 3 Luke I feet ó bins 2 fly,tie 6 crow, hello
2 'Pull' 4 soot 2 seat / llm
3 cow,bow 7 Gre¡ way
3 still 8 cheap 4 bo¡ toy 8 Moor, tour
a r6&n with a üew
an afternggncrqise 4 feel 9 pitch lel traín, way
\ Ottrldvou llke new bootsf 5 gins I 0 live la buy,try
a few cueues 4 I gins 4 bins /c/ enjoyed,noisy
fruit with s6!ar 2 feel 5 leave /ral here,clear
u .ho" -urlf- 3 Tim o peach /eel repair,there
u t@t ut ttte /aul onl¡ home
"@s
fondggsor barbecggs ' ¡IEI /aul brown, house
/i:l (the boxedwords): week,me, /uá/
bddkthrouehThomasCó-dk Poor, sure
!6dd tood
visa, people,season
5 l b t a 5 D ./ t\
I sl6Lildn't be rude /t/ (the circled words): business, 2a 4c 6c 8c
Youáüldn't do better finished,enough,message,
remember,bicycles,trip
formprepos¡tions
Strong
withor
Questions
Wordcounting
and attheendof questions
Intonation pattern 4 is the conect
pattern for or questions. sentence patterns
stress Ilat 4 from 7to
z a t 5 i n 8 t o
Dialogue 2 is the most formal. 1 1 8 4 8 7 7 3 about 6 off
Dialogue 3 is the most unfriendly. 2 9 5 9 8 9
Dialogue I is informal but 6 6 ¡¡@
1 Who did he smile at?
friendly.
r¡E 2 What did they talk about?
¡ftlr I IfsheaskqI'll tell herever¡hing. 3 Where did he come from?
1 A Do you want tea or coffee? 2 What'llyoudo if theydon't 4 What washe interestedin?
B Oh, coffee,please. arrive? 5 Where did he get ofR

Key 6l

6 Who did the book belong to?
7 Which addressdid shewrite to?
Contractions
I end, contractionsare possible
¡¡D
I You shouldn't eat fatty foods.
2 Shecan't speakItalian very
well.
A You haven'tread it, have
you?
B Yes,I have.'
There'sa bus stop opposite
the library.
Seanwould like to be an
astronaut.2
6 I'm right, aren't I?
7 It'll be the biggestcity on
earth.
8 What are your names?3
9 Who is it?4
l0 I didn't use to watch much
TV asa child.
Further notes on the writing and
pronunciation of contractions
I We do not write or pronounce
contractionsin short affirmative
answers.Short negativeanswers
are written and pronouncedwith
contractions (eg No,I haven't.).
2 We can write many different
contractionswith personal
pronouns (eg she'd,he's,we're,
it'Il. they've,e¡c.).With nouns the
only usualwritten contraction is
's(for hasor is). In sentenceslike
Seanwould like to be an astronaut,
Theplane will land in half an
hour, or The childrenhavearrived,
we pronounce the contractions,
but we do not write them.
3 With non-personalpronouns
t}e only usualwritten contraction
is I (for hasor is).lOther possible
written contractionswith non-
personalpronouns arewhat'll"
that'Il, who'll, and who'd.)In
questionslike What areyour
names?or Wherehaw you been?,
we pronounce the contractions,
but we do not write them.
ó2 Key
a We do not write or pronounce
's
contractionswith short W7¡-
questionsending in the word if.
With wordsfike thator thisal the
(eg What\ that?,Where'sthat?,
Who'sthis?).
Unit
/e/,lnl,andlt'l
Thesounds
¡¡III
l beg 5 Ben 9 ton
2 brg ó sex l0 bed
3 bug 7 sucks 11 bed
4 ban 8 tan
1 = bookshop
8 = butcher's
l0 = cinema
2 = hospital
6 = church 12 = hotel
¡¡IE
A Where'sthe bookshop?
B In Benbury Street,on the
corner of Beddington Road.
A Where'sthe butchert?
B In SaxtonArcade.
A Where'sthe church?
B In Banbury Street,on the
corner of BaddingtonRoad.
A Where'sthe cinema?
B In Bunbury Street,on the
corner of TonbridgeGardens.
A Where'sthe hospital?
B In Bug Lane.
A Wheret the hotel?
B In Bunbury Street,on üe
corner of TanbridgeGardens.
Wordlinking
¡¡trpeople'spicture-of-a
Most
typical-F nglishmanjs3 man
-in_a suit, with_an-umbrella, a
copy-o[ The Times,and-a bowler
hat. Not-everyone knows,
however, that this hard, low
round-brimmed hat was
-invented-in the nineteenth
century or that-it wasnamed
-aft er3 pair-of British hat
makers,Thomas-and William
Bowler.
The fi rst-example-of-a bowler
hat was-orderedby-a country
gentleman,Thomas Coke,who
lived-in Norfolk. He wanted-a
strogg-and practicalhat that he
could wear when he went-out
shooting.
In-America üe bowler hat-is
Rnown_as_a derby.
Weakformauxiliaries
andpassive
verbs
l Themissingwordsare
underlined.
¡m
A cleaningwoman, Mrs Ethel
Boggis,¡g¿5shot in a bank
robbery in Cricklewoodyesterday
evening.Sheis said to be safeand
comfortable in hospital.The bank
1y¿5broken into by two masked
men. They havenot yet been
found. A total of !1 million @
stolen in the robber¡ and a bag of
jewels1ga!alsotaken.The jewels
werekept in a bank safeby Lady
Agatha Crickle who lgas told the
bad newslate last night by the
bank manager.
'Most
of my )ewelsEgg madeof
'My
gold,' shetold reporters.
favourite ring was made in China
three hundred yearsago.I can't
possiblybuy another one.'
A red Ford Ka rgasseennear the
bank and ¡y49laterfound in a car
park at Heathrow Airport. A
reward is bging offered by the
police for any information about
the crime.
 3 Pick them-up! mlr
4 Turn*it-ofi! 1 Have I helped?
Thesounds
lel andlétl 5 Switch_it-on! 2 I hate eating hamburgers!
6 Finjt_in! 3 Has Abigail hooveredin here?
2 f¡trt 7 Work_it_out! 4 Alan Harbordadoreshis Aunt
1 sell sail sell 8 Put-it down! Hannah.
2 pen pain Paln 9 Look_it*up! 5 Old HarrietElstonhad a heart
) shade shed shade attack.
4 tell tail tail ¡¡IIr¡l
6 Anna hurriedly askedHelmut
5 letter later letter I Throw out the rubbish!
about his Erlglishhomework./
6 paper pepper paper I've alreadythrown it out.
Helmut hurriedly askedAnna
7 well well whale 2 Pick up your toysl
about his Englishhomework.
8 test test raste I've alreadypicked them up.
9 wet wait wet 3 Will you takeback thoseshoes?
10 gate g€t I've alreadytaken them back. syllables
Counting
4 Could you take offyour shoes? businessmen(3)
1 a 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a I've alreadytaken them off. chocolate(2)
¡¡B comfortable(3)
/e/: let, head,says,said,health,
ver¡ any.where, again*,jealous
Unit13 conference(2)
delicious(3)
/e/: cake,great,danget steak, dictionary (3)
weight, again*,train, explains Thesound
/h/ different (2)
* again canbe pronouncedeither ¡m
hotel homeless
documentary(4)
fashionable (3)
wíth lel or letJ.
who hospital favourite (2)
Words
withsilentletters half heaven interested(3)
happy hurts marriage(2)
mrr Note
medicine(2)
casfile 'orÉ $rist millionaire (3)
In the words honestand,hoursfhe
darlflter mi$t fruftt miserable(3)
letter h is silent.
opAra cuf,board bq"bét restaurant(2)
lirktl IOrer¡Lner fiffnd In standardEnglish,the words several(2)
desi{ner han$some suÁt where,what, why, when, which are temperature(3)
*I1: lurh w[ite pronounced with an initial /w/
l r This chocolateis delicious!I
t:,.qo n ihll t sound.In someaccents- Scottish
xl,o"g 2 Are you interestedin
sfrrssors cleq{e , so., for example- they are
ansrxer champa{ne yog{urt pronouncedwith an initial /hw/ marriaee?./
Here'ssomemedicine for
sound.
your temperature.X
Linkingin phrasalverbs ¡¡D + It's a fashionablerestaurant.f
¡E I His houseis at the top of the
hiúl. ,/
5 He'sa miserablemillionaire. /
1 Pleasecome in, I waswaiting 6 It's a different sort of
for you. 2 /x/ello Peter! /low are you? dictionarv.X
2 I'm afraid I threw it away 3 It's veryl lotinl lere. Severalbusinessmenwere
yesterday. 4 {/e's in hospital. there. ll
3 I'll take out the bottles when 5 I'vegol an /orrible headache. It wasa documentarvabout a
I pick up the children. 6 I / /ad a hamburgerfor lunch. salesconference./
4 I looked it up but it isn't in the 7 My hotel'snear the school. / Shefelt comfortable in her
dictionary. 8 My / /usband's/h/a doctor. favourite chair. f
5 Where are your gloves?Put 9 How did you get home? /
them on beforeyou go out. Note
'ari
¡¡D In 5,
horrible...
is wrong. We say:4
I Put them_onl
2 Take them_ofi!

Key 63
 wqrds
Four-syllable Unii
¡iD I ol,lc:/,andlaul
Thesounds
oOoo Oroo ¡oOo
biography advertising absolutely
conversation
¡¡4D
communicate concentrating I lol clock 6 laul joke
effciently decorator disappointing 2 IJJ sport 7 lol box
extravagant everybody education 3 laal boa¡ 8 /eu/ shown
impossible fortunately independence 4 /5:/ saw 9 lú born
graduated optimistic 5 lDl got 10 /áu/ coat
supermarket
¡¡B
stress
Corrective /o/: quarrel, wrong, novel, want, gone
l¡J:walk, thought, wate¡ all, door
¡iD leull.ago,moment, won't, onl¡ phone, although
1 T
Road,LondonSW3.
No, it'sMr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
of their
because
Wordsoftenconfused
2 a
Road,London SW3.
No, itt Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare pronunciat¡on
3 l 2 r chief 4 soup 7 recipe
Road,London SW3.
No, itt Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare 2 kitchen 5 desert 8 diary
4 a 3 work 6 quiet
Road,London SW3.
No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
5 t lhador woulQ
Hearing'd
Road' London SW3.
No, itt Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare 12a 3a 4b 5a 6b 7a

Road,London SW3.
No, it's Mr P Blake,46 Shakespeare
Your question should start H¿llo.Is that ... followed by
üe sametelephonenumber, but with one different
number where Brian hasthe stress.
symbolpage'iñ
Sound
I Tom likeswriting poetry.
2 Jane'sgot a friendly brown pet cat.
3 Suewas fast asleepwhen the burglars came.
4 Joebought a bottle of Hungarian wine last night.
5 Liz wants to be rich and famous one day.
ó Paul'sa wealthyyoung tourist.
7 Tom and Liz are good at Spanish.
8 loe works in a noisy garage.

I
64 Key