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Kjetil Folgerø
Christian Michelsen Research
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All content following this page was uploaded by Kjetil Folgerø on 09 October 2015.
Kjetil Folgerø
Nera Telecommunications, Norway
kfo@nera.no
Filters at Nera
Introduction / Motivation
Step-by-step design procedure
Detailed design example
Other examples
Conclusion
b
width1
length1
port 1
width2
length2
width3
length2
width2
length1
symmetry
width1 boundary
port 2
b
width1
length1
port 1
(HFSS) length2
width3
width2
length1
symmetry
width1 boundary
port 2
a/2
waveguide filter
length1
width1
b
(HFSS) tune
port 1
width2
length2 width1
width3
length2
width2
length1
symmetry
boundary
width1
tune
length1
port 2
optimize / tune
d0 g/2 g/2
Z0A K01 Z0 K12 Z0 K23 Z0 Z0 Kn,n+1 Z0B
g/2 g/2
prototype
d filter
(equivalent circuit)
HFSS WS 2001-01-19 -7-
Step-by-step procedure
Advantages:
Simulation of small structures in each step => fast simulation
Only one dimension is optimized in each step => fast convergence
Procedure:
1) Obtain prototype filter from filter specifications
2) For all couplings: Optimize coupling with HFSS to give the right
K-inverter value at the center frequency
3) For all resonators: Calculate resonator length, fine tune
parameter with HFSS
g2 g4 gn
g0 g1 g3 gn-1 gn+1
g/2 g/2
wA K i ,i 1 wi 1
K
01
K 01 K i,i 1
Z0 A 2 g 0 g1 Z 0i Z 0,i 1 2 g i g i 1 Example:
gi0 f
2
K´01=0.0775
K n,n 1 wB wi
K n ,n 1
0 f 0
K´12=0.0048
Z0B 2 g n g n 1
K´23=0.0034
K´34=0.0032
S (dB)
g/2 g/2
-25
-30
1 r 2
15.37l 15.38
2 = 11.346 mm
15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.39 15.4
frequency (GHz)
l3 = 11.395 mm
r g
l4 = 11.395 mm
r 1 2
1
l
l5 = 11.346 mm
l6 = 10.839 mm
2
2
-1 0
-2
-10
S21 (dB)
-20
-3
-30
S (dB)
-4
-40
-5
-50
-6
15.29 15.3 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 -60
frequency (GHz)
-70
-80
-90
15.24 15.26 15.28 15.3 15.32 15.34 15.36 15.38 15.4 15.42
frequency (GHz)
-10
-20
S (dB)
-30
-40
S11 Measured
S21 Measured
-50
S11 HFSS
S21 HFSS
S11 Goal
-60 S21 Goal
Couplings:
10 adaptive passes
2274 tetrahedra
appr. 1 min solution time per simulation
Resonators
10 adaptive passes
3871 tetrahedra
appr. 2 min solution time per simulation
Design procedure:
M. Guglielmi, Simple CAD procedure for microwave filters and multiplexers, IEEE
Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol 42, pp 1347-1352, July 1994
M Guglielmi, B Ginemo, T Kjøde “A new equiripple power splitter for radio link
applications” , Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf ,vol 2, pp 30, 1998
0.25
|K|
0.2
do 0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
offset (mm)