6.4.

5 Bulk specific gravity (SSD)

Definition:
The ratio of the weight in air of a unit volume of aggregate, including the weight of water
with in the voids filled to the extent achieved by submerging in water for approximately 24 h (but
not including the voids between particles) at a stated temperature, compared to the weight in air of
an equal volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature.
In the Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD), the volume measurement includes the overall volume of the
aggregate particle as well as the volume of the water permeable voids. The mass measurement
includes the aggregate particle as well as the water within the water permeable voids.
Relationship:
1) The difference between Apparent S.G and Bulk S.G is the volume of aggregate used in the
calculations. The difference between these volumes is the volume of absorbed water in the
aggregate’s permeable voids. Both use the aggregate’s oven dry weight.
2) The difference between Bulk S.G and bulk (SSD) specific gravity is the weight of
aggregate used in the calculations. The difference between these weights is the weight of
absorbed water in the aggregate’s permeable voids. Both use the same aggregate volume.
3) The following relationships are always true:

a) Apparent S.G ≥ Bulk Specific Gravity

b) Bulk (SSD) specific gravity ≥ Bulk Specific Gravity