CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADV AN CED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

fl#•
BIOLOGY - UNIT 2

Pape.- OI

90minutes

·(u JUNE 2010 (a.m.))

READ TUE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
I. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.

2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

·• t • •

3. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items
in thi~ test. '

4. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you
are about to answer and decide which choice is best.

5. On your answer she.et, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.

Sample Item

Which of the following is NOT a form of

energy storage?

(A) ·ATP, Sample Answer

(B) Lipid
(C)
(D)
Alcohol
Lacti.c acid
9®©®
The best answer to this item is "ATP" , so answer space (A) has been shaded.

6. If you want t9 change your an,swer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou
cannot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next:one. Your score will be the total number of
correct answers.
8. You maydoanyrough work in this booklet.

-= 9. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

-
;;;

- DO NOT TURN THJS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright© 2009 Caribbean Examinations Cow1cil.

All rights reserved.
022070 l O/CAPE20 l 0
• l\FFIXSEALHERE t
 -2-
ltrulJ refers to the following diagram which 4. TI1e role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to
represents a chloroplast. -
(A) oxidize pyruvic acid
(B) break down glucose into pyrnvic acid
(C) synthesize thirty-eight molecules of
ATP
(D) accept hydrogen ions in the electron
b·ansport chain
!-

5. High oxygen concentration can limit

photosynthesis by preventing the formation
of glycerate phosphate. This is due to

{A) the oxidation ofreduced NADP by

·. ox;igen : · ;
1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase can be (B) Ol'}'gel) com~inipg mfll.RuBP il;ujtead
found in Region of carbon dioxid~ . - l
(C) oxygen com.\:nl)m~ -'Y.1th R.ub)sco .
(A) instead of carbon d10x1de I_

(B) II (D) triose phosph<ite wpich c<il}not

(C) III regenerate RuBP in high ox:l(gen
(D) IV concentration

2. The electrons from non-cyclic 6. The spongy mesophyll is the chief si(e of
photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous~eaf.
cycle via This is possible because the cells are :

(A) ATP (A) irregular in shape and tightly pa~ked

(B) FAD (B) elongated in shape and vertii;ally
(C) NADP . packed . ;
(D) NADH.2 (C) found near t11e upper surface of the '.
leaf
(D) found near the lower surface of the
3. The Calvin cycle is temperature dependent leaf
because

(A) increased temperature increases the 7. The final product(s) of glycolysis is/are
diffusion of carboll'dioxide
(B) increased temperature increases the (A) · reduced NADH
rate o( collision of molecules (B) acetyl coenzymeA
(C) enz}'II1es involved in the reaction are _ (C) ATP, NAD and pyruvate
affected by cha'nges ill temperature (D) pyrµvate,ATPandNADH
(D) the red~1ction of glycerate phosphate
to trlose phosphate requires high
temperature

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0220701O/CAPE2010 i
 -3-
Item 8 refers to the Calvin cycle shown 9. Which of the following equations shows the
below where ATP produced in fate of pyruvic acid during anaerobic
photophosphorylation is utilised. respiration?

(A) Pymvic acid-> lactic acid+ CO,+

GP
co,~v f!I• 2ATPnet
I (B) Pyruvic acid -7 lactic acid+ C02 +
4ATPnet
(C) Pymvic acid -7 alcohol + C02 +
2ATPnet
(D) Pymvic acid -7 alcohol + C02 +
Ru BP GALPTP
4ATPnet

~ Intermediary
) 10. Which sequence correctly represents the
action of nitrifying bacteria?
Propucts
(A) Nitrogen -7 nitrate -7 nitrite
(B) Nitrite -7 nitrate -7 ammonium
(C) Ammonium-7 nitrite-7 nitrate
8. Which of the following combinations · (D) Nitrate-7annnonium-7nitrogen
correctly identifi~s the stages where ATP
enters tl1e cycle? ·

(A) I and II o*ly

(B) land III qnly
(C) II and III only
(D) III and IV only

Item 11 refers to the diagram below that shows a simple food web.

Herbivorous~_,.,.waterflea
~ protoctist · ~ Carnivorous
Green ~ · water beetle
protoctist ~ Mayfly
larvae

11. Which of the following

t
organisms is INCORRECTLY identified with
,,
its trophiC: level?
.

(A) Green protoctist - primary producer

(B) Herbiyorqus protoctist-primary producer
(C) G_arniyorous water beetle - secondary consumer
(D) Carnivorous water beetle -tertiary consumer

GOONTOTHENEXTPAOE
02207010/CAPE2010
 -4-
Item 12 refers to the following apparatus Item 15 refers to an ocean food pyramid.
set up to determine the rate ofrespitation The number in brackets represe11ts the
of genninating seeds. weight of the organism.

Glass tubing of
2 nun internal dia1neter 'frophic
tuna
Shallf,;, Level 5
(0.5)
Metal tray
gauze 4 mackerel (5)
of 'vater

=1fzA===f,,,,_-t-Water in 3 herring (50)

Soda
tube
lime 2 zooplankton (500)
Ger~1inating seed Position of l
phytoplankton (2500) !-
meniscus
The results ofth,e experime.nt are presented
j
in the.table below. 15. The percentage of energy available, for
transfer to a persori eating 0.5 kilograrris of l
Time
Volume of Oxygen
• Absorbed (cm')
tuna is approximately ! i
(mins) (based on distance 1
(A) I%
5
10
moved by meniscus)
1.6
2.1
(B)
(C)
5%
10 %
l
l

I
(D) 20%
15 3.4
..
20 4.2

12. Which of the fol.lowing quantities represents Item 16 refers to the diagram below which
the average rate of oxygen uptake by the shows three adjacent plant cells, I, II and
seeds during the time of the experiment? IIL The values of their water potentials are
given in kPa.
(A) 0.21 cm' miff 1
(B) 1.26 cm 3 miff 1
(C) 4.2 cm' miff 1
(D) 6. 74 c:q:i3 hr- 1

13. Which ofthe fol.lowing pathways contributes

the MOST electrons to the electron transport
chain?
I II III
(A) Glycolysis
16. In which direction would there be a NET
(B) Calvin cycle
flow?
(C) Kryl(s i;:ycle
(D) Pymvate oxidation
(A) I -> II and II ~ III
(B) II -> I and III ~> I
14. The term 'biodiversity' is BEST described as (C) II ~ III and II ~ I
the (D) III ~ II and II -> I

(A) range of genera on earth

(B) number of species on earth
(C) range of ecosystems on earth
(D) variety of different life forms on earth

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02207010/CAPE2010
 -5-

J 7. Which of the following is NOT a part of the 20 .. Which of the following is conect for BOTH
symplastic pathway in plants? arteries and veins?

(A) Cytoplasm ofroot hairs Arteries Veins

(B) Lwnen of xylem cells
(C) Plasmodesmata of companion ce\l!I>
(D) Cell surface membrane of cortical (A) Thin walled Few elastic fibres
cells
(B) Collagen fibres Thick walled
present
18. Which of the following causes the stomata to
open?
(C) Few elastic Valves present
(A) an increase in carbon dioxide in the fibres
air spaces in the leaves
(B) a. decrease in the turgor pressure
in guard cells (D) Thick walled Collagen fibres
(C) accumulation of water in guard pre~~nt
cdls by active transport
(D) an influi< of K+ into guard cells
followed by water by osmosis 21. The function of the companion cell in
mature phloem tissue is to
i
Item 19 refers to the following diagram (A) provide structural support for the
which shows a longitudinal section of a sieve tubes
mammalian heart. (B) actively move sucrose out of
neighbowing photosynthesizing
cells to the sieve tubes
(C) · move sucrose against a
concentration gradient into the
xylem
1--.,fL (D) provide a nucleus needed for cell
ll--J4=-// IV division of the sieve tube
elements

22. Pulse is a direct measure of

(A) heart rate

(B) breathing rate
(C) stroke volume
19. The position of the sinoatrial node 1s (D) blood pressure
identified ~y the region labelled

(A)
(B) II
(C) Ill
(D) IV
 -6-

Item 23 refers to the following diagram which 25. Which statement about g_lucagon is
shows the pressure changes to the left side INCORRECT? Glucagon causes
of the heart and the ao11a during the cardiac
cycle. (A) glycogen to break down to glucose
in the liver
ll!'· (B) glycogen to break down to glucose
14 - - - ---- in the muscles
12 --- ---- (C) amino acids and glycerol to be
converted to glucose
~
10 (D) increased release of glucose into the
"
~ blood when it is needed
~
8
..."'
"...
~
~ 6
~
"' 26. One activity that is NOT an example of a
4
negative feedback is the regulation of
2
, _____ .... -',,'', (A) pulse rate
0 0.2 . 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 (B) blood sugar
Time (seconds) (C) blood pressure
(D) body temperature
23. The section labelled X represents the

(A) atrial pressure as the heart empties Item 27 refers to the drawings below which
(B) ventricular pressure as the heart fills show sections through a nephron.
(C) pressure in the ventricles as the heart
empties
(D) pressure in the aorta as the heart
empties
·d
-- I
Item 24 refers to the following diagram.
@ IV
II

Ill

27. Which figure BEST represents a section

through the proximal convoluted tubule?

(A) I
24. The cell labelled X in the diagram above is (B) II
(C) III
(A) a platelet (D) IV
(B) a monocyte
(C) a neutrophil
(D) an erythrocyte
 -7-

Item 28 refers to the table below which Item 30 refers to the diagram belgw showing
shows volu1ne of water reabsorbed in the the gap between two neurones.
different regions of the human kidney
nephrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomerulus is 180 litres per
day. iii>·

Volume of water
Region (litres) reabsorbed
@) ~
l
per day 0
0 0 2
0 D 0
Proximal tubules 147.0 1.
Loop of Henle
Distal tubules
io.o
19.2
c
Collecting ducts 2.2 30. Where is acetyl choline stored and secreted?

Stored Secreted into

28. What is the volume of urine produced per day, (A) 1 3
in litres?
(B) 1 4
(A) 1.6
(C) 2 3
(B) 2.2
(C) 21.4 (D) 2 4
(D) 178.4

29. Glomerular filtrate contains substances with 31. Which disease is appropriately matched with
a relative molecu]ar mass less than 68, 000. its category?
Larger molecules, such as red blood cells and
proteins, are prev~nted from passing into the Disease Category
nephron because of the
(A). AIDS Hereditary
(A) podocytes (B) Stroke Degenerative
(B) glomerularpressure
(C) capillary endothelium (C) Diabetes Infectious
(D) basement membrane
(D) Emphysema Deficiency

32. Which oftbe following can be found inside

the central core of the human
iilll11w1odeficiency v}rns (HN)?

(A) DNA only

(B) DNAandRNA
(C) DNA and reverse transcriptase
(D) RNA and reverse transcripta11e
 -8-
33. The condition that is NOT caused by 36. 111 some situations the body's immune re-
n1alnut:rition is sponse is very specific ancl targeted; in other
situations it is not. Which of the following is/
(A) obesity
are NOT part of the body's nonspecific
(8) 1narasn1us response system?
(C) emphysema
(D) kwashiorkor !!!>·
(A) Ncutrophils
(B) Macrophages
(C) Inflammation
Item 34 refers to the following diagram.
(b) Antibodies

x
-Stem cells Item 37 refers to the following infom1ation.

Two types ofimmunity are investigated in pa-

tients suffering from tetanus.

Person X is injected with antibodies to the

disease. ;'

Person Y is injected with a vaccine and

B lymphocytes T lymphocytes produces antibodies as a result.

Blood samples are removed from both people

at regular intervals. The results are
I
shown on the graph below.
Antibodies
II
humoral
Ill
immune 25
cell-mediated Antibody
response~
immune concen~ation
20
response (arbitrary x
units) 15 ,"Y . . -·
I
34. The structure labelled Y is 10 I

5 ,
(A) a lymph node
(B) the thymus gland
5 10 15 20 25
(C) the hypothalamus Time of injection Time (days)
(D) red bone marrow

37. The types ofimmunity being investigated are

35. In an effort to save the life of a friend, a man
donated one of his kidneys. However, smne
(A) passive natural and active natural
(B) passive artificial and active artificial·
lime after·.the implantation, the kidney was
(C) active natural and passive artificial
rejected. This type of immune response is
(D) active artificial and active natural
(A) nalmal and active
(8) natural and passive
(C) artificial and active
(D) artificial and passive

,.,,.., , . . , . , ..... i"'Oo ·~"- .. · - - · - -

 -9-

38. Which of the following is NOT a method of 41. A runner prepares for six months to run a
transmission oftl1e HIV? marathon, by exercising for threehoms daily.
This MOST likely results in an increase in
(A) Sexual intercourse
(B) Sharing intravenous needles I. cardiac output
(C) Breastfeeding or breast milk .i;.
II. tidal volume
(D) Gene transfer from mother to foetl1s III. muscle size
JV. blood pressure

39. The monomers that make up the heavy and (A) I and II only
light chains of an antibody molecule are joined (B) I, II and lJl only
by (C) I, III and IV only
(D) II, III and IV only
(A) peptide bonds
(B) hydrogen bonds
(C) glycosidic bonds 42. Dengue fever is caused by a
(D) aisulphide bonds
(A) virus transmitted by the Aedes
mosquito
40. Body Mass Indei:c. (BM!) is now used as a (B) vims transmitted by the Anopheles
simple means of a!>sessing obesity. Which of mosquito
the following formulae is used to calculate (C) plasmodiwn transmitted by theAedes
BMI? mosquito
(D) plasmodium transmitted by the
Anopheles mosquito
Height (m)
(A)
Body mass 2 (kg 2 )
43. Which of the following is a mutagen and
Body mass (kg)
(B) causes cancer?
Height (m)
(A) Tar
Body N(ass (kg)
(C) (B) Alcohol
2
Height' (111 ) (C) Nicotine
(D) Carbon monoxide
Bodyi mass (kg)
(D)
Age of ihdividual (yrs)
 - 10 -

·Item 44 refers to the following diagram which shows the changes in

antibody concentration in the blood during primary and seconday
responses.

Primary response

10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (days)

44. These responses are MOST likely caused by

(A) antigens
(B) antibiotics
(C) antitoxins
(D) antioxidants

45. One effect of alcohol consumption is that it

(A) inhibits the release of ADH

(B) increases the release of ADH
( C) increases sexual perfonnance
(D) increases muscular coordination

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02207010/CAPE2010