Accelerating 5G NR

for Enhanced Mobile

Broadband

March 2017
Our vision for 5G is a unifying connectivity fabric
Over $12 Trillion 5G-related goods and services in 20351

Enhanced mobile Mission-critical Massive Internet

broadband services of Things

Unifying connectivity platform for future innovation

Convergence of spectrum types / bands, diverse services, and deployments
1 Source: The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm 2
The insatiable demand for faster, better mobile broadband
First phase of 5G will focus on eMBB – new levels of capability and efficiency

~50B Monthly global mobile data

traffic in 2021
Gigabytes

>100x Growth in mobile data traffic from

2011 to 2021

Enhanced mobile
broadband
>75% Of global mobile data traffic will
be video by 2021

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast (Feb’17) 3
 Ultra-high fidelity User-generated content Immersive virtual reality Instant apps –
media anywhere no download or install

Delivering fiber-like
performance without the wires—
Ushering in the next generation of highly immersive,
1.6GB 6.8GB
Growth in average smartphone traffic per month
always-connected user experiences from 2016 to 2021

Always-connected Collaborative, Collaborative, Connected

augmented reality immersive gaming interactive education cloud computing
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (Feb’17) 4
Indoors Virtually everywhere
~80% of data consumed here >70% of world population will be mobile users by 2020

Fiber-like
performance
Virtually everywhere,
anytime
Source: 1) Gartner’14, 2) Mobile Sports Report
Feb’16, Levi Stadium; 3) Cisco Visual
Networking Index (VNI) Mobile Forecast
(Feb’16), 4) IMT-2020 requirement

Dense environments High mobility

26 TB of data at a single event/venue At speeds up to 500 km/h
5
Mobilizing media and
entertainment
Changing consumer behavior—
>80% of video traffic over
wired/fixed Internet today
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast (Feb’17)

Fiber-like speeds Significantly lower More uniform Convergence of

that surpass cost-per-bit for experiences both mobile, entertainment,
most fixed economic viability indoor and outdoor and cable companies 6
Transforming the
driving experience
A key part of our vision for the
autonomous vehicle of the future

Immersive, connected Live camera and data 3D HD live

entertainment streaming from vehicle map updates
7
 Redefining the mobile
form-factor
AR & VR will push the boundaries
on connectivity

Richer and richer Demands consistent Constant use; Anywhere

visual content performance all-day wearable usage
8
Delivering fiber-like
performance…
wirelessly
Gigabit LTE, LTE Advanced Pro and 5G NR—
3GPP technology roadmap
 Gigabit LTE
is here

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 10

Rapidly moving
into a gigabit world

15 47 183
Operators in 11 countries Operators in 37 countries with LTE-A commercial
with Gigabit Class LTE planned operators trialing or deploying deployments,
or trialed supporting modem features ~86% CAT6 or above

Source: GSA Evolution to LTE report, Oct. 2016, Qualcomm Technologies internal analysis 11
Achieving Gigabit LTE and beyond
Pioneering 5G technologies

Higher peak rates by adding more, New Gigabit LTE

higher-efficiency ~100 Mbps streams 1,2
device categories
Utilizing higher-
order modulation Category 19
(256-QAM) (1.6 Gbps)

X20 LTE Category 18

Modem (1.2 Gbps)
Adding up
to 4 MIMO layers
X16 LTE Category 16
1st LTE Carrier 2nd LTE Carrier 3rd LTE Carrier 4th LTE Carrier Modem (1 Gbps)

Aggregating more carriers across licensed and unlicensed with LAA 3

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.; 1. Example configuration per 3GPP specification; 2. Each data stream ~100 Mbps per 20 MHz stream with 256-QAM; 3. Licensed Assisted Access 12
 Gigabit LTE is essential to the 5G mobile experience
Multi-connectivity fully leverages LTE investments and provides VoLTE service

Existing deployments 5G augmented deployments

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE 5G NR below 6 GHz

5G NR above 6 GHz

Ubiquitous 5G NR multi-Gbps
Seamless mobility
LTE coverage Hotspot, e.g. mmWave

Simultaneous multi-connectivity
500+ 7,000+ 1.6B+ across 5G / LTE / Wi-Fi

Commercial Commercial LTE / LTE Advanced New 5G NR Sub-6 GHz

network launches devices across subscriptions and LTE coverage
in 170 countries 100’s of vendors worldwide

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Source: GSA (www.gsacom.com)—Oct 2016 on network launches, Dec 2016 on subscriptions, Jan 2017 on commercial devices 13
LTE advancements are establishing the foundation for 5G
Accelerating the Gigabit Experience and expanding the mobile ecosystem

Significantly improve performance,

scalability, and efficiency 5G New Radio (NR)

Drones Drone communications

New verticals

Ultra-low latency Ultra-low latency

Cellular V2X (C-V2X) C-V2X safety features
Digital TV eMBMS enhancements enTV, e.g., shared broadcast
Further enhancements
Internet of Things towards IMT-2020
eMTC, NB-IoT FeMTC, eNB-IoT
Unlicensed spectrum
in existing spectrum
LAA eLAA
Mobile broadband Gigabit LTE Enhancements, e.g., FD-MIMO

LTE Advanced Pro

Rel-13: Today Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16+

LTE Advanced Pro will be submitted with 5G NR to meet IMT-20201 requirements

1 ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, September, 2015 14
Qualcomm is leading the way with LTE Advanced Pro
Essential to 5G leadership

X16
Together with
LTE Modem

World’s first Gigabit LTE
device and network launch
Achieved Gigabit-class
download speeds on Telstra’s
commercial LTE network
Broad industry adoption
of Cat-M1 and Cat-NB-1
Secured design wins across the
majority of industry’s operators
and module OEMs
C-V2X trials World’s first LAA
starting in 2017 and eLAA trials
Announced the first C-V2X trial Conducted over-the-air LAA trial
with Audi and others based on with DT in Nov. 2015 and eLAA
3GPP Rel-14 with SKT in Sep. 2016

15
 Diverse Diverse
Designing 5G deployments spectrum

New Radio (NR)

To meet an extreme variation

of requirements
Diverse services
and devices

16
5G NR will deliver new levels of capability and efficiency
For enhanced mobile broadband and beyond

Multi-Gigabit

Fiber-like speeds Uniform experience Lower latency Lower cost-per-bit

Multi-Gbps peak rates for both Reliable performance, e.g. 100+ As low as 1ms for interactive Significantly lower than today’s
download (consumption) and Mbsps, even in challenging content, as well as reduced networks to efficiently support
upload (sharing) environments or at the cell edge buffering requirements and lag cost-effective data plans

10x 10x 10x 3x 100x 100x

experienced decrease in connection spectrum traffic network
throughput end-to-end density efficiency capacity efficiency
latency
Based on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced 17
Accelerating 5G NR, the global standard for 5G
3GPP 5G NR R15 5G NR R16+ 5G NR study items
R14 Study Item Study Items continue to evolve/expand 5G NR

R15 5G work items R16 5G work items R17+5G evolution

We Are Here 5G NR Standalone (SA) mode

Intermediate milestone for

5G NR R15 launches 5G NR R16 launches
1

5G NR Non-Standalone
(NSA) mode
Enabling deployments as early as 2019

Gigabit LTE and Continue to evolve LTE in parallel to

LTE IoT deployments become a critical part of the 5G Platform

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1. Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond 18

 Approved way forward on overall 5G NR eMBB workplan
RP-170741 agreed upon at 3GPP RAN #75 in March 2017

Stage 3 completion for 5G NR NSA by

December 2017 (RAN#78)1

Stage 3 completion for 5G NR SA by

June 2018 (RAN #80)2

Broad support to meet increasing mobile broadband needs with global 5G NR standard

AT&T NTT DOCOMO SK Telecom Vodafone Ericsson Nokia Qualcomm

Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai-Bell Alibaba Apple British Telecom Broadcom CATT China Telecom China Unicom China Mobile Cisco
Convida Wireless Deutsche Telekom Etisalat Fujitsu Huawei Intel Interdigital KDDI Korea Telecom LG Electronics
LGU+ MediaTek NEC Ooredoo OPPO Samsung Sierra Wireless Sony Sprint Swisscom TCL
Telecom Italia Telefonica TeliaSonera Telstra Tmobile USA Verizon vivo Xiaomi ZTE

1 NSA Option 3 family ASN.1 by March 2018; 2 Release-15 ASN.1 for 5G NR NSA and SA by September 2018 19
5G NR acceleration based on NSA architecture
Ensuring commonality with Standalone 5G NR, plus forward compatibility
S1 interface LTE RAN
LTE EPC (control and user plane)
Enables initial 5G NR
deployments

5G NR RAN

User plane

NSA operation requires aggregation of LTE-band and NR-band via Dual Connectivity
20
New 5G-CN for Standalone deployments starting 2020
Leveraging virtualized network functions to create optimized network slices

• Configurable end-to-end connectivity

per vertical
Mobile broadband
• Modular, specialized network functions
Internet of Things
per services
Mission-critical control • Flexible subscription models
• Dynamic control and user planes with
more functionality at the edge

Better cost/energy Optimized Flexible biz models and Dynamic creation

efficiency performance deployments of services 21
5G NR evolution and expansion beyond eMBB
URLLC part of Rel-15 Work Item; also new Rel-15 5G NR Study Items approved

Work on 5G NR Ultra-Reliable Low Evaluation of 5G NR for

Latency Communications1 C-V2X communications
For mission-critical control services like For augmenting today’s C-V2X
industrial automation, incl. efficient technology with use of high-
multiplexing with mobile broadband
frequency ITS bands

Study on 5G NR operation in Study on 5G NR Integrated

unlicensed spectrum
For both licensed-assisted access (aka LAA)
Access & Backhaul
and standalone operation (aka MulteFire™) in For enabling easy/low-cost
sub-6 GHz and mmWave spectrum bands deployment of small cells with
integrated access and backhaul

Study on 5G NR non-orthogonal
multiple access, e.g. RSMA2 Study on 5G NR for non-
For grant-free uplink transmissions that can terrestrial networks
be utilized e.g. for small data exchanges in Explore deployment scenarios and
IoT communications channel models for utilizing 5G NR
for satellite operation
1 Part of 5G NR Rel-15 Work Item with identification of necessary techniques starting in Q3’17 and normative work 1H’18; 2 Resource Spread Multiple Access 22
 Diverse Diverse
deployments spectrum

Making 5G NR
a reality
Rel-15 5G NR eMBB design, demos, and trials Diverse services and devices
5G NR R15 will establish the 5G foundation
For enhanced mobile broadband and beyond

Optimized OFDM- A flexible, forward Advanced wireless

based waveforms compatible framework technologies

With scalable numerology and To efficiently multiplex services and Such as massive MIMO, robust
TTI, plus optimized multiple features with a dynamic, low-latency mmWave, advanced channel
access for different use cases TDD/FDD design coding, and device-centric mobility

Unified design across spectrum types and bands

For licensed and shared / unlicensed spectrum bands both below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz1

1. 3GPP R15 focused on spectrum bands up to ~40 GHz; R16+ will bring support for bands up to ~100 GHz 24
Our technology inventions are driving the 5G NR standard

Scalable OFDM numerology

Multi-user Massive MIMO

R&D leadership
First successful 5G NR
Advanced LDPC channel coding
5G connection based on 3GPP

Self-contained TDD sub-frame NR

Low-latency slot structure design

Standards leadership
Adaptive beamforming/tracking (mmW) Technologies part of ongoing
5G NR Study Item

25
Scalable numerology with 2n scaling of subcarrier spacing
Efficiently address diverse spectrum, deployments and services

Outdoor and Subcarrier spacing

macro coverage e.g. 15 kHz
FDD / TDD <3 GHz e.g. 1, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

Outdoor and Subcarrier spacing

small cell e.g. 30 kHz
TDD > 3 GHz
e.g. 80/100 MHz

Indoor Subcarrier spacing

wideband e.g. 60 kHz
TDD e.g. 5 GHz (Unlicensed)
e.g. 160MHz

Subcarrier spacing, e.g. 120 kHz

mmWave
TDD e.g. 28 GHz

e.g. 500MHz
Example usage models and channel bandwidths 26
Supporting advanced 5G NR channel coding
ME-LDPC codes more efficient than today’s LTE Turbo codes at higher data rates
1

Normalized Throughput (for given clock rate)

6

High efficiency
5
Significant gains over LTE Turbo –
particularly for large block sizes
4 suitable for MBB

3 Low complexity
Easily parallelizable decoder scales
2
to achieve high throughput at low
complexity
1 Turbo
Low latency
LDPC
Efficient encoding/decoding enables
0 Polar
shorter TTI
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Code rate (R)

1 Multi-Edge Low-Density Parity-Check 27

 5G NR Massive MIMO to increase coverage and capacity
Key enabler for more uniform experience and higher spectrum bands, e.g. 4 GHz
Median user Cell edge user
Exploit 3D beamforming with up perceived throughput perceived throughput
to 256 antenna elements
195 Mbps

3.8x
79 Mbps
52 Mbps 2.9x
27 Mbps

200m inter-site distance 4x4 MIMO 5G NR 4x4 MIMO 5G NR

48 dBm transmit power Massive MIMO Massive MIMO

Assumptions: carrier frequency 4GHz; total bandwidth: 200MHz; base station: 256 antenna elements (x-pol), 48dBm Tx power over 200MHz; UE: 4 Tx/Rx antenna elements, 23dBm max. Tx
power; full buffer traffic model, 80% indoor and 20% outdoor UEs. 28
Mobilizing mmWave with a new 5G NR system design
Overcome robustness challenge due to high path loss & susceptibility to blockage

Directional antennas with adaptable Tight integration

3D beamforming and beam tracking with sub-6 GHz

NLOS operation

Seamless
mobility

Intelligent beam search and Tight integration with LTE Coordinated scheduling for Dynamic point
tracking algorithms or 5G sub-6 GHz interference management (gNodeB) selection
29
New self-contained TDD subframe design
UL/DL scheduling info, data and acknowledgement in the same sub-frame

Unlicensed spectrum Adaptive UL/DL

Listen-before-talk headers Flexible configuration for capacity allocation;
e.g. Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) also dynamic on a per-cell basis
and hidden node discovery

Additional Ctrl Data Guard ACK

headers (DL) (DL) period (UL)

Example: TDD downlink

D2D, mesh and relay
Headers for e.g. direction of the link
Massive MIMO
Leveraging channel
for dynamic distributed scheduling
reciprocity in UL transmission
for DL beamforming training

Faster, more flexible TDD switching and turn around,

plus support for new deployment scenarios and forward compatibility
30
Self-contained TDD is a key enabler to ultra-low latency
Reduces delay for both 1st Tx and Re-Tx (single-interlace HARQ)

4G LTE
D S U D D D S U D D D S U D
TDD

1st TX NAK Re-Tx

1ms

5G NR
Re-TX
1st TX

TDD*

NAK

*Sub 6 GHz, macro cell numerology, 30 kHz tone spacing 31

 Self-contained TDD allows for dynamic UL & DL traffic
Provides more adaptive configuration for capacity configuration
0.5 ms TDD subframe

Serving cell can dynamically switch uplink and

DL CTRL

UL CTRL
downlink on per-subframe basis
DL Data1 UL Data1

DL UL
UL CTRL
DL CTRL

UL or DL Data UL or DL Data Neighbor cells have control bursts which are

protected from UL/DL mixed interference

Non-mixed interference region

with protected control bursts

1 Can also be control information 32

 Massive MIMO optimized TDD reciprocity procedures
Massive MIMO rate prediction latency reduction from >10ms in LTE to 1ms

Step 1:
UL SRS1 → Step 3:
Precoding decision → Precoding + CQI →
DL Precoded CSI-RS2 Final scheduling decision

SRS + PUCCH

SRS + PUCCH

SRS + PUCCH
Asynchronous
DL CTRL

CSI-RS
UL or DL Data DL DL

0.5ms TDD subframe

Step 2:
CSI-RS →
UE CQI3 feedback
*Sub 6 GHz, macro cell numerology, 30 kHz tone spacing; Channel sounding opportunity increases from <= 200 Hz with LTE to 2 kHz with 5G NR
1 Sounding Reference Signal; 2 Channel State Information Reference Signal; 3 Channel Quality Indicator 33
A flexible framework with forward compatibility
Efficiently multiplex envisioned and future 5G services on the same frequency

Forward compatibility Integrated framework Mission-critical transmissions

With support for ‘blank’ That can support diverse deployment May occur at any time; designed so
resources1 scenarios and network topologies other traffic can sustain puncturing2

Blank subcarriers

D2D

Scalable TTI eMBB Multicast

DL DL UL UL UL

Scalable transmission time interval (TTI) Self-contained integrated subframe Dynamic uplink/downlink
For diverse latency requirements—capable of UL/DL scheduling info, data and Faster switching for more flexible
latencies an order of magnitude lower than LTE acknowledgement in the same subframe capacity based on traffic conditions

1. Blank resources may still be utilized, but are designed in a way to not limit future feature introductions
2. Nominal 5G access to be designed such that it is capable to sustain puncturing from mission-critical transmission or bursty interference 34
Qualcomm Research 5G NR end-to-end prototype systems
Sub-6 GHz Mobilizing mmWave Spectrum sharing
Ubiquitous coverage and capacity for Large bandwidths for extreme More efficient utilization of, and
a wide-range of 5G use cases throughput and capacity access to, scarce resources

Spectrum
Time

Accelerating 5G NR commercialization
Test, demonstrate and Drive and track 3GPP Achieve impactful trials Drive timely
verify our 5G designs 5G NR standardization with network operators commercialization

Qualcomm Research is a division of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 35

 Bringing new capabilities and efficiency to sub-6 GHz
Demonstrating advanced 5G NR technologies

Wide area coverage at 3.3-3.8 GHz band with High data rates (up to multi-Gbps) utilizing
multiple simultaneous users multi-user Massive MIMO Live 5G NR connection with latencies sub-2 ms

Faster, more uniform data rates both outdoor and indoor Self-contained TDD operation 36
 Mobilizing 5G mmWave in real-world environments
Demonstrating NLOS operation and robust mobility

Handheld and in-vehicle UEs with Multiple gNodeBs with Indoor mobility with penetration
four selectable sub-arrays 128 antenna elements and dynamic blockage

Utilizing adaptive beamforming and beam tracking techniques Outdoor vehicular mobility up to 30 mph with seamless handover
37
Leading the way on 5G NR trials to accelerate deployments
Starting 2nd half of 2017 in collaboration with operators and infrastructure vendors

3GPP-compliant trials
and interoperability testing
at sub-6 GHz & mmWave

In collaboration with…

…and more to come

38
 We are accelerating the path to 5G NR
Best-in-class 5G 5G standards, Impactful trials and Modem and RFFE
prototype systems technology and early deployments with leadership to solve
and testbeds research leadership network operators 5G complexity
Qualcomm
Snapdragon X50
5G Modem Family

Test, demonstrate and verify Such as advanced channel Over-the-air interoperability Announced the world’s
our innovative 5G designs to coding, self-contained testing leveraging prototype first 5G NR multimode
contribute to and drive subframe, mobilizing systems and our leading modems for premium
standardization mmWave, … global network experience smartphones in 2019

Learn more at www.qualcomm.com/5G

39
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Thank you
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References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries
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