Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

National Center for Teacher Education
Mindanao

Detailed Lesson Plan in Readings in Philippine History

Subject Matter: Other Historical Controversies

Submitted by:
Lindsay Kate C. Pizon
Ralph John R. Sinilong

Submitted to:
Prof. Fe M. Sarong
I. Objectives: At the end of the discussion, students are expected to be able to:

a) explained what happened and determine whether the Bud Dajo Event
was a battle or a massacre;
b) perform a role play about the Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio
c) read the article critically and justify whether Aguinaldo was really a hero or
a gangster;
d) weight the validity of Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors, give possible
reasons as to why such rumors were spread;
e) identify the reasons behind the Jabidah Massacre and express their
opinions about it;

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Other Historical Controversies
Subtopics:
a) The Bud Dajo Event: Battle or Massacre?
b) The Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio
c) Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Gangster
d) The Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors
e) The Jabidah Massacre
References: C.Galecia, R. D., Palencia , M. M., & Solmerano, E. M.
(2018) Readings in Philippine History. Manila: FASTBOOKS
Educational Supply, Inc. .
Retrieved from
http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/moro-insurgents-1906/ )
http://www.morolandhistory.com/12.PG-
Battle%20of%20Bud%20Dajo/01.battle_of_bud_dajo.htm
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1189762.
https://www.batangashistory.date/2018/03/mabini.html

Materials: Laptop, projector, manila paper, marker, fact sheets

III. PROCEDURES
a) Preparatory Activities

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

1. Prayer
2. Checking of Attendance
3. Review: Cry of Balintawak
Good Morning, Class. Good Morning, Teacher!
How are you today? We are fine, Teacher!

By the way I am Teacher Ralph and I am

Teacher Kate and we are going to be
your teachers for today.
I have friend named Gizmo. He will be
with us for today.

Hi! I’m Gizmo ^_^

I have here a magical book

that will bring us back in the
past.

But, we have a
problem. The book has
been locked. To
unlocked the book, we
have to face two
challenges to have the
key.
First Challenged is the review
Last meeting, we have discussed about
the Cry of Balintawak. Now will have a
game called “Raise Your Flag!”. Each
group will choose one representative to
raise the flag. The one who raised their flag
first will have the chance to answer the
question, if in case the group got the wrong
answer the other group will be given the
chance to answer the question.

What is the defining moment of the Cry It emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of the
according to the historian Teodoro cedula (tax receipt) before a crowd of
Agoncillo? Katipuneros who then broke out in
cheers.

What point backtracked by Valenzuela Valenzuela testified that when the

about Rizal’s involvement on the Katipunan consulted Jose Rizal on
Revolution? whether the time had come to revolt,
Rizal was vehemently against the
revolution. Later, in Agoncillo’s Revolt of
the masses, Valenzuela retracted and
claimed that Rizal was actually for the
uprising, if certain prerequisiteswere met.
Agoncillo reasoned that Valenzuela had
lied to save Rizal.

How Valenzuela’s account differ from The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and
Masangkay? Guillermo Masangkay on the tearing of
cedulas on 23 August are basically in
agreement, but conflict with each other
on the location.

Why do you think the controversy about

the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” still continues to
the present day? It continues until the present for the
reason that it cannot be accepted as
historically accurate because it lacks
 positive documentation and supporting
evidence from the witness.

In 1935, what did Valenzuela, Pantas and

Pacheco proclaimed? They proclaimed that the first cry of the
revolution did not happen in Balintawak
but in a place called Pugad Lawin

4. Motivation

Excellent, class! It’s now clear that you

really understood the topics discussed last
meeting.

Now we will have another game. Same

groupings. This game is called “Fill Me”
Each group will choose 1 Representative
to fill the missing letters. You only have 1
minute to win it. The first group to complete
first with the correct answer will win the
game.

O_H_R
H_ _T_R_ _ _L

CON_ _ _VER_ _ _S

ANSWER:

OTHER HISTORICAL CONTROVERSIES

 CONGRATULATIONS!

You got the key!

b) Developmental Activities

a. Presentation

Read what you have completed Other Historical Controversies

Class, today we will discuss about the

“Other Historical Controversies”

OTHER HISTORICAL CONTROVERSIES

b. Setting of Standards
In our trip back in time Gizmo have set
some rules. Everyone please read!

Are these set of rules clear to everyone? Yes, teacher!

Great, now let’s get started!

 10 Rules

1. Don’t be Noisy
2. Raise your hand if you
want to speak / answer.
3. Pay attention to the group
presentation
4. Participate actively
5. Respect each other
6. Collaborate with your
group
7. Finish work on time.
8. Turn off your gadgets
9. Don’t Drag the Chairs
10. Keep the classroom tidy

c. Activity/ Discussion

Now, I will divide you into 5 groups.

The first group you’ll be the Red
Team, 2nd group you’ll be the Yellow
Team, 3rd group you’ll be the Blue
Team, 4th group you’ll be the Green
Team and 5th group you’ll be the Pink
Team. Each group has different
activity to do. I will give fact sheet and
paper in every group for your
guidelines. You only have 10 minutes
for the preparation and the maximum
of 5 minutes for the presentation.
You’ll be graded base on the criteria
on the board.

Yes, Teacher
Are my instructions clear, class?

Criteria
Content 40%
Mastery 25%
Creativity 20%
Cooperation 15%
Total 100%
Group 1 RED (The Bud Dajo Event: Battle or Massacre)
Task: CNN The Source (talk show/interview)
Directions: Perform a talk show/interview that will enable you to explain what
happened and determine whether The Bud Dajo Event was a Battle or
Massacre. The fact sheet will serve as your guide to accomplish the task. Show
your creativity
There will be one host and a guest to be interviewed about the said event.
The guest will act as a historian that studied American Occupation in the Sulu
Sultanate. There will also guest that will ask questions regarding what had
happened during the Bud Dajo Event.
Guide Questions:
 Where is Bud Dajo located?
 What happened during the first battle of Bud Dajo?
 The battle of Bud Dajo happened because?
 In July 4, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt said that?
 The Provinces was created in 1903, what are those provinces?
o The Moro Provinces was to be staffed by US Army because?
 Because the leader of the Jolo tribes refused to recognized the US as the
ruler of the country what happened?
 In 1906, after hearing that the Americans were going to invade what did
the people of Jolo do?
 And on March 5, 1906 Woods ordered his officers to?
 The Army were armed with? And the Moros were armed with?
 What happened after the attack ended? What were the results?
 As a conclusion, do you think that the Bud Dajo Event was a battle or a
massacre? Justify

Group 2 Yellow (The Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio)

Task: Role playing
Directions: Collaborate with your group and formulate a play that will enable
you to share the Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio. The fact sheet will serve
as your guide to accomplish the task. Show your creativity

Guide Questions:
 Who was the head of Katipunan?
 What is the reason why the Katipunan divided into two?
 What are the names of the two groups and who leads each groups?
 What was the result the division of Katipunan?
 Why Aguinaldo wanted to arrest Bonifacio?
 When and where was the death of Bonifacio brothers happened?
 How did the brothers died?
Group 3 Blue (Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Gangster)
Task: iJuander (fact trivia show)
Directions: Formulate fact trivia show that will enable you to justify whether
Aguinaldo was really a hero or a gangster. The fact sheet will serve as your
guide to accomplish the task. Show your creativity.
Guide Questions:
 Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
 What are the reasons to consider Aguinaldo as a hero?
 Are there any reasons for him to be considered as a traitor or a zero?
 Is it true that Aguinaldo really ordered the execution of Bonifacio and his
brother Procopio? Justify your answer.
 Did he really want to kill Bonifacio or he was just forced by the people
around him?
 For you, do you consider Aguinaldo as a hero? Justify your answer.

Group 4 Green (The Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors)

Task: KMJS (TV news magazine show/ broadcast)
Directions: Weight the validity of Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors, read the
guide questions, and present your findings through KMJS. The fact sheet/s will
serve as your guide to accomplish the task. Show your creativity.
Isa sa mga kontrobersiyang nakakabit sa pangalan ni Apolinario Mabini ay
ang Sanhi ng kaniyang pagkalumpo. Diumano, syphilis o isang uri ng sexually
transmitted disease(STD). May katotohonan ba ng usaping ito?
Guide Questions:
 Considering that Mabini was never a paralytic his entire life and he only
had it when he was 31, do you think that it’s possible that Syphilis might
have caused his paralysis?
 Base on the article, what do you think really caused Mabini’s paralysis?
Was it caused by Syphilis or Polio? Justify your answer.
 What are the possible reasons why these rumors were circulated?
 If the rumors were proven real, would you look at Mabini differently?
Would that make him less of a hero?

Group 5 Pink (The Jabidah Massacre)

Task: Imbestigador
Direction: Present the reasons behind the Jabidah massacre through your
investigations. One member from your group will act as Mike Enriquez to show
what happened during Jabidah Massacre. The fact sheet/s will serve as your
guide to accomplish the task. Show your creativity,

Guide Questions:
 What is the aim of Operation Merdeka?
 What was the name of the secret commands unit?
o And who was the person authorized by Pres. Marcos to take
charge of the operation?
 What happened during the first phase of the operations?
 After the first phase what happened during the second phase?
 What are the cause/s of the massacre according to various accounts?
 What did Benigno Aquino, Jr. exposed about the Jabidah Massacre?
C. Concluding Activities
1. Process Questions
What event happened in 1906 which is
also known as the Battle of the Clouds?
Where is Bud Dajo located?
Why it was called Bud Dajo?
The battle of Bud Dajo happened
because?
In July 4, 1902, President Theodore
Roosevelt said that?
The Provinces was created in 1903, what
are those provinces?
The Moro Provinces was to be staffed by
US Army because?
Because the leader of the Jolo tribes
refused to recognized the US as the ruler
of the country what happened?
The Bud Dajo Event
In the island of Jolo, Sulu
The event was called Bud Dajo because
it is blood-soaked ground. Battles in
1906, and 1911 pitted the United States
against the Moro peoples known as the
Tausugs.
The word Bud means mountain in the
Tausug language and Dajo refers to a
specie of local tree.
It was in December 1898 when the US
signed a treaty with Spain, acquiring the
Philippines for $20 million. Because the
Filipinos refused the takeout and they
waged a war.
On July 4, 1902, President Theodore
Roosevelt declared the war over after
successfully subjugating the
insurrectionist Filipino forces, and in his
own proclamation said, “except in the
country inhabited by the Moro tribes, to
which this proclamation does not apply.”
The Moro Province was created in 1903,
comprising the southern Mindanao and
the Sulu islands.
Unlike the other provinces, the Moro
Province was to be staffed by US Army
officers, simply because US believed the
Moro Province was backward and need
to be civilized and educated on
democracy.
The US planned to invade the Jolo Tribes
In 1906, after hearing that the Americans
were going to invade what did the people
of Jolo do?
And on March 5, 1906 Woods ordered his
officers to?
The Army were accused with? And the
moros were armed with?
What happened after the attack ended?
What were the results?
He was the known as “Anak ng Bayan”
and a leader of Katipunan
What is the reason why the Katipunan
divided into two?
What are the names of the two groups
and who leads each groups?
What was the result the division of
Katipunan?
The Jolo people fled to the 15-acre
wooded crater of Bud Dajo, an extinct
volcano, believing that the spirits of the
volcano will protect them.
On March 5, 1906, Woods ordered his
officers to gather 800 of his men from the
6th and 19th Infantry, the 4th Cavalry, the
28th Artillery Battery, the Sulu
Constabulary, and sailors from the
gunboat Pampanga, led by Colobnel
Duncan, to Jolo
The Army were armed with mountain
guns, rifles, bayonets, fast-firing pistols
and grenades. While the Moro warriors
were armed with kris, barongs, and
spears.
The attack ended on March 7, 1906, with
not one Moro standing; women and
children among them.
The Americans lost two dozen men and
some 70 wounded. It was a complete
massacre.
The “victory” that was earlier celebrated
in the US was immediately tainted with
shame after the US Congress realized
there were women and children among
the dead.
Andres Bonifacio
Because other Katipuneros chose Emilio
Aguinaldo as their president and not
Bonifacio
Magdalo leaded by Aguinaldo
Magdiwang leaded by Bonifacio
Through this division it resulted in the
Battle of Limbon
Why Bonifacio brothers was arrested by
Aguinaldo’s men?
Where and when the death of bonifacio
brothers happened?
How the brothers died?
Who was General Emilio Aguinaldo?
Is it true that Aguinaldo really ordered the
execution of Bonifacio and his brother
Procopio? Justify your answer.
Did he really want to kill Bonifacio or he
was just forced by the people around
him?
Are there any reasons for him to be
considered as a traitor or a gangster?
Because found guilty of rebellion for not
accepting the leadership of Aguinaldo.
The brothers were sentenced to death.
But Aguinaldo replaced his punishment
with only life sentenced, however,
Aguinaldo adviser hinder the decision of
Aguinaldo because they thought that if
Andres is still live the division between
two groups will still continue
The death of Bonifacio brothers
happened at Mt. Buntis 'March 10, 1897,
They were shot and buried in a shallow
grave, with nothing but a wooden
branches planted on the ground to mark
the spot.
General Emilio Aguinaldo was the first
president of the Republic of the
Philippines or Malolos Republic. He
signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating
a truce between the Spanish and
Philippine revolutionaries and was known
as the President of the Revolutionary
Government.
Yes, in a letter verified as authentic by
Teodoro Agoncillo and published in his
book, “Revolt of the Masses,”Aguinaldo
order the execution of Bonifacio and his
brother Procopio. He explained that
initially his orders were for their
banishment, but he was prevailed upon
by his generals, Piodel Pilar and Mariano
Noriel, members of his Council of War to
change the order to execution.
It was his inner circle of “friends” and
advisers, who convinced him to have the
Supremo killed. Because he was a threat
to his life and the revolution.
Aguinaldo was considered also as a
gangster when Aguinaldo lost the 1935
elections, he protested, believing that the
elections were rigged, in Quezon’s favor.
And after the Japanese invasion of the
Philippines in 1941, Aguinaldo once again
fell into disgrace. He became known as

For you, do you consider Aguinaldo as a
hero? Justify your answer.
Considering that Mabini was never a
paralytic his entire life and he only had it
when he was 31, do you think that it’s
possible that Syphilis might have caused
his paralysis?
Base on the article, what do you think
really caused Mabini’s paralysis? Was it
caused by Syphilis or Polio? Justify your
answer.
What are the possible reasons why these
rumors were circulated?
If the rumors were proven real, would you
look at Mabini differently? Would that
make him less of a hero?
What is the aim of Operation Merdeka?
What was the name of the secret
commands unit?
And who was the person authorized by
Pres. Marcos to take charge of the
operation?
What happened during the first phase of
the operations?
the First Filipino Quisling. A quisling is a
traitor. During the Japanese occupation,
he cooperated with the new rulers.
I still consider Aguinaldo as a hero since
he fights for our country’s independence.
He organized a revolution against
American rule that resulted in three years
of bloody guerrilla warfare. Also he led
the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine
War and the American-Philippine War
Yes, I think that it is possible because at
his age during this stage in life a man
becomes sexually active and Syphilis is
an STD.
Base on the article Mabini’s paralysis was
caused by Polio. His remains were
exhumed in the eighties and examined by
a doctor from the Philippine Orthopedic
Hospital. The cause of Mabini’s
paraplegia, the doctor concluded, was
poliomyelitis.
Because his personal life and morality
were difficult to attack, Mabini's enemies
resorted to a whispering campaign to
slander him. Jealous of his immense
power, they started a rumor that his
paralysis was due to syphilis.
No, because he still serves the people
despite his conditions
To take over Sabah
The secret commands was Jabidah
Eduardo” Abdul Latif” Martelino

After the first phase what happened
during the second phase?
What are the cause/s of the massacre
according to various accounts?
What did Benigno Aquino, Jr. exposed
about the Jabidah Massacre?
2. Generalization
What are the topics that we have
discussed today? The Bud Dajo Event
In general, these are the controversies in
history. These events and stories are
debatable because of different views from
different sources and information. That is
why it is important for us to verify the
The first phase of the operation saw
Martelino, with an advanced party of
some 17 agents entering Sabah three
times to conduct reconnaissance and
psychological warfare.
It was during the second phase of the
operation that the massacre took place.
After 180 young Tausugs from Sulu
received basic training, they were
transported to a remote section of
Corregidor Island at the mouth of Manila
Bay where they were further trained in
guerrilla operations and jungle warfare
There are various accounts about the
massacre. One version states that it was
caused by a mutiny of the recruits, who
were angered by the delay in receiving
their allowance. The poor living conditions
and miserable rations for three months
led to general discontent among the
Muslim trainees who then demanded to
be returned home.
Other scholars argue that the trainees
were killed upon learning the truth of their
recruitment to ensure that the information
was not leaked.
The opposition senator Benigno Aquino,
Jr. exposed that Jabidah was a plan by
President Ferdinand Marcos to ensure his
continuity of power.
Andres Bonifacio’s Trial and Death
Emilio Aguinaldo as Hero and Traitor
Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors
The Jabidah Massacre
credibility of your source of information in
order for your information to be reliable
and to avoid confusion.

3. Valuing
As a student, why is it important for As a student, it is really important for us
you to have the knowledge about these to know these historical controversies to
historical controversies? know the clear story behind these
controversies. Also to validate if it’s really
true or not. As what the famous line
“Tsismis noon, Kasaysayan ngayon” I
also believed that if we do not know our
kasaysayan ay wala tayong saysay
ngayon.

Why Duterte brought up about the Bud
Dajo Event during his speech 2 years
ago? Where in fact it wasn’t in our history
books and wasn’t also thought when we
were in Elementary and High School. Do
you think it’s right?
Yes, for us and for them to be reminded
of what happened in the past. Duterte
mentioned the Bud Dajo because a lot of
Moro died as accounted 600 Moros
wherein many woman and children
among the dead. He associates this
Event as a historical extra-judicial killing.

Yes, because Sabah was ruled by Sulu

As a Filipino, do you think we have the
right to claim the Sabah from Malaysia?
Sultanate since it was given to them by
the Sultanate of Brunei. Therefore it was
a property of Sulu Sultanate and by
extension, the property of the Republic of
the Philippines.
IV. Evaluation (Matching Type)
Directions: Match column A to column B.
A B

1. It is the blood-soaked ground during a. Emilio Aguinaldo

the battle between US and Tausugs in
1906 b. Apolinarion Mabini

2. Also known as Bud Dajo Event

c. Andres Bonifacio
3. The person authorized by Pres. Marcos
to take charge of the operation called d. Eduardo Martelino
“Project Merdeka”

4. He is known as the “Supremo” Head of e. The Battle of the Clouds

Katipunan Magdiwang
f. Massacre
5. He was the youngest president to take
office at the age of 28
g. Operation Merdeka
6. He was rumored to have syphilis that
caused him a permanent paralysis h. Bud Dajo Battle

7. The Death place of Bonifacio brothers

i. Jabidah Massacre
8. This event is the reason why MNLF
was formed and continues armed struggle j. Mount Buntis, Maragondon
in Southern Philippines until today.

9. Also known as Jabidah Massacre k. Murder

10. The violent killing of many innocent

people

V. Assignment
Direction: Watch the movie El Presidente on youtube for you to better
understand what happened in the past. https://youtu.be/e9jUe4qc8w0