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Keuangan Perusahaan
Ferry Rinaldi
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Akuntansi
Proses Akuntansi dalam Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan (Financial Statements)
adalah tata cara dari suatu proses pencatatan atau pembukuan dimulai dari
proses pencatatan dari masing-masing transaksi, melakukan jurnal umum dan
mengelompokkan setiap transaksi ke dalam Buku Besar.
Setelah itu dibuatlah neraca percobaan di dalam format kertas kerja, sampai
menjadi Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan yang terdiri dari Laporan Neraca, Laporan
Laba Rugi, Laporan Perubahan Modal, Laporan Arus Kas serta Loporan
Manajemen Keuangan lainnya.
Berikut ini akan dijelaskan cara paling praktis dalam proses pembuatan laporan
keuangan perusahaan, Anda hanya cukup melakukan proses jurnal transaksi dan
mengelompokannya ke dalam buku besar dari masing-masing akun kelompok
aktiva, pasiva, dan rugi laba yang terdiri dari penjualan dan seluruh biaya.
Selanjutnya jika Anda telah melakukan proses tersebut diatas maka secara
otomatis Laporan Keuangan Anda akan terbentuk dengan sendirinya karena
sebelumnya telah dibuat template khusus sesuai dengan kaidah akuntansi yang
berlaku umum.
1. Laporan Neraca
BALANCE SHEETS
PERIOD DECEMBER 31, 2013
Un-Audited ( in IDR )
ASSETS PASIVA
INCOME STATEMENTS
PERIOD JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2013
Un-Audited ( in IDR )
NET REVENUE
- Sales 17 116,993,309,910
- Cost of Goods Sold 18 94,925,786,622
GROSS PROFIT 22,067,523,288
EQUITY
PERIOD DECEMBER 31, 2013
Un-Audited ( in IDR )
General Reserve:
- General Reserves Beginning Balance -
»+ / - General Reserves -
- General Reserve Balance at End -
14 Bank Loans - -
» LTL - Standard Chartered Bank - -
» LTL - Bank Mandiri - -
» LTL - BSM - -
» LTL - CIMB Niaga - -
3,830,420,720 4,435,397,112
4 PREPAID EXPENSES :
Advance on purchase 830,971,319 288,534,600 180,619,000 938,886,919
Others Advance 181,317,319 27,004,000 12,638,000 195,683,319
Rental Office 102,500,000 17,500,000 - 120,000,000
Rental Vehicles - - - -
Prepaid THR - 284,854,625 - 284,854,625
Others Prepaid - - - -
1,114,788,638 1,539,424,863
5 TAX RECEIVABLE :
Tax article 22 - - - -
Tax article 23 2,466,381,342 280,004,047 - 2,746,385,390
Tax article 24 - - - -
Tax article 25 110,622,316 27,655,579 - 138,277,895
Value added tax 167,675,313 - - 167,675,313
Overpayment of Art. 29 - - - -
Other Taxes - - - -
2,744,678,971 3,052,338,598
6 FIXED ASSETS :
Land - - - -
Building - - - -
Building improvement - - - -
Operating Equipment 6,380,218,328 384,354,000 - 6,764,572,328
Machineries 2,550,000 - - 2,550,000
Vehicles - - - -
Office Equipment 454,020,200 60,710,000 - 514,730,200
6,836,788,528 7,281,852,528
7 ACCUMULATION - -
DEPRECIATION :
Acc. Building (193,885,650) - 13,848,975 (207,734,625)
Acc Building improvement - - - -
Acc Operating Equipment (2,521,328,536) - 300,285,287 (2,821,613,823)
Acc Machineries - - - -
Acc Vehicles (374,354,162) - 26,739,538 (401,093,700)
Acc Office Equipment (429,500,599) - 41,999,564 (471,500,163)
(3,519,068,947) (3,901,942,311)
8 OTHER ASSETS :
Defered Expense 482,755,013 13,304,200 220,692,299 275,366,914
Deferred Tax Asset - - - -
Others Assets 681,800,000 - 73,049,997 608,750,003
1,164,555,013 884,116,917
9 ACCOUNT PAYABLE
Trade Account Payable 21,478,187,700 62,366,891,558 56,554,293,672 15,665,589,814
Others Account Payable 123,517,060 - - 123,517,060
21,601,704,760 15,789,106,874
10 ACCRUED EXPENSES - -
Accr. Expenses - Staff Cost 38,241,006 2,533,231,612 3,042,922,716 547,932,110
Jamsostek 17,313,601 - 7,067,577 24,381,178
Accrued Expenses - Others - - - -
55,554,607 572,313,288
11 TAX PAYABLES
Tax Payables Artc 21 119,890,589 - 67,820,433 187,711,022
Tax Payables Artc 23 24,930,476 11,479,065 22,784,355 36,235,766
Tax Payables Artc 24 - - - -
Tax payables - Article 25 - - - -
Tax payables - Article 26 - - - -
Tax payables - Article 29 4,183,953,415 - 195,951,790 4,379,905,205
VAT 2,367,497,363 210,280,660 - 2,157,216,703
Tax payable - Final Psl 4 (2) 1,854,429 - - 1,854,429
6,698,126,272 6,762,923,125
12 BANK LOANS :
LTL – StanChart Bank - - - -
LTL - Bank Mandiri - - - -
LTL - BSM - - - -
LTL - CIMB Niaga - - - -
- -
13 OTHERS LIABILITIES
Others Account Payable - - - -
Employee Benefit obligation 603,563,944 - 25,000,000 628,563,944
603,563,944 628,563,944
14 EQUITY :
Stock 12,500,000,000 - - 12,500,000,00
Additional Stock - - - -
Agio Stock - - - -
Foreign exchange Capital - - - -
Retained Earning 3,712,828,910 - - 3,712,828,910
Profit / (Loss) Current Year - - 8,524,014,528 8,524,014,528
16,212,828,910 - 24,736,843,438
Disinilah Format yang Anda rubah dan hanya cukup mengelompokkan akun
sesuai dengan format keuangan di perusahaan Anda, di kolom paling kiri
beberapa akun dikelompokkan menjadi satu agar lebih mudah dibaca di dalam
laporan keuangan.
Catatan: Jika Anda ingin merubah format yang disesuaikan dengan akun
diperusahaan Anda maka hendaknya berhati-hati dalam merubah kolom TYPE
yang di sebelah kiri karena Teksnya tersebut Link dengan Kertas Kerja (Work
Sheets) dan Neraca, Jika Anda ingin merubah teksnya maka Anda juga harus
merubahnya dengan Teks yang sama di Kertas Kerja dan Neraca. (Link
menggunakan rumus: SUMIF)
Hal ini akan jauh lebih mudah dilaksanakan jika Anda saat ini menggunakan
program accounting seperti Zahir, MYOB Accounting, Oracle Finance, dan
program Accounting lainnya, anda tinggal mengeksport General Ledger dalam
bentuk excel ataupun teks dan memasukkan angkanya kedalam tabel dibawah ini.
Trade Account Payable 2-1210 Trade AP Third Parties 20,076,657 60,965,361 56,554,294 (4,411,068) 15,665,590
Trade Account Payable 2-1211 Unbill Payable 1,401,530 1,401,530 - (1,401,530) -
Others Trade Account Payable 2-1310 Other AP Third Parties 123,337 - - - 123,337
Others Trade Account Payable 2-1320 Other AP Related Parties 180 - - - 180
Accrued Expenses - Staff Cost 2-1410 Accrued - staff cost 38,241 2,533,232 3,042,923 509,691 547,932
Jamsostek 2-1470 Jamsostek 17,314 - 7,068 7,068 24,381
Accrued Expenses - Others 2-1490 Accrued - Others - - - - -
Tax Payables Artc 21 2-1510 Tax Payables Artc 21 119,891 - 67,820 67,820 187,711
Tax Payables Artc 23 2-1520 Tax Payables Artc 23 24,930 11,479 22,784 11,305 36,236
Tax Payables Artc 24 2-1530 Tax Payables Artc 24 - - - - -
Tax payables - Article 25 2-1540 Tax payables - Article 25 - - - - -
Tax payables - Article 26 2-1550 Tax payables - Article 26 - - - - -
Tax payables - Article 29 2-1560 Tax payables - Article 29 4,183,953 - 195,952 195,952 4,379,905
VAT 2-1580 VAT 2,367,497 210,281 - (210,281) 2,157,217
Tax payable - Final Psl 4 (2) 2-1590 Tax Payable Final Psl 4 (2) 1,854 - - - 1,854
LTL - StanChart Bank 2-1811 LTL - SC Bank - - - - -
Others Account Payable 2-1821 Astra Finance - - - - -
Employee Benefit obligation 2-2100 Employee ben. obligation 603,564 - 25,000 25,000 628,564
Others Account Payable 2-2211 Standard Chartered Bank - - - - -
Stock 3-1000 Common Stock 12,500,000 - - - 12,500,000
Foreign exchange Capital 3-1500 Foreign exchange Capital - - - - -
Agio (disagio) 3-2000 Agio (disagio) - - - - -
Treasury Stock 3-3000 Treasury Stock - - - - -
Revaluation differentials 3-4000 Revaluation differentials - - - - -
Dividend declare 3-6000 Dividend declare - - - - -
Other Stocks 3-7000 Other Stocks - - - - -
Retained Earning 3-8000 Retained Earnings 3,712,829 - - - 3,712,829
Profit / (Loss) Current Year 3-9000 Profit / (Loss) Current Year - - 8,524,015 8,524,015 8,524,015
TOTAL PASIVA 45,171,77 65,121,88 68,439,85 3,317,972 48,489,75
8 3 5 1