ZTE NodeB Coverage

NodeB Coverage
Enhancement
Feature Guide
NodeB Coverage Enhancement

Version Date Author Reviewer Notes
Zhang Compared with UR13, there is no change

V1.00 2015-03-25 Jiang Ming
Haiqing except software version.
© 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used
without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to
change without notice.
ZTE Confidential Proprietary 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Feature Attribute ............................................................................................... 6
2 Overview ............................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Feature Introduction ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity ........................................................................ 7
2.1.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving ..................................................... 7
2.1.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80 km .................................................... 7
2.1.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120 km .................................................. 7
2.1.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation ................................................... 8
2.2 License Control .................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Correlation With Other Features .......................................................................... 9
3 Technical Description ..................................................................................... 10

3.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity ...................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Single Antenna Reception.................................................................................. 10
3.1.2 Two-Antenna Reception..................................................................................... 10
3.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving ................................................... 13
3.2.1 Four-Antenna Reception .................................................................................... 13
3.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80 km .................................................. 15
3.3.1 Reduction of Path Loss ...................................................................................... 15
3.3.2 Optimization of Antenna ..................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Cell Searching Capability ................................................................................... 22
3.3.4 AMR Code ......................................................................................................... 22
3.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120 km ................................................ 24
3.5 ZWF21-41-003 Extended Cell Range to 240 km ................................................ 24
3.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation ................................................. 25
3.6.1 Doppler shift....................................................................................................... 26
3.6.2 Baseband Frequency Offset Compensation Algorithm ....................................... 29
4 Parameters....................................................................................................... 32
4.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity ...................................................................... 32
4.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving ................................................... 33
4.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80km ................................................... 34
4.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120km ................................................. 35
4.5 ZWF21-41-003 Extended Cell Range to 240km ................................................. 35
4.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency shift Compensation .................................................. 36

5 Related Counters and Alarms ........................................................................ 36

5.1 Related Counters ............................................................................................... 36
5.2 Related Alarms .................................................................................................. 36
6 Engineering Guide .......................................................................................... 37

6.1 Application Scenario .......................................................................................... 37
6.2 Feature Activation Procedure ............................................................................. 37
6.2.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity ...................................................................... 37
6.2.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving ................................................... 40
6.2.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80km ................................................... 42
6.2.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120km ................................................. 42
6.2.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation ................................................. 44
6.3 Feature Validation Procedure............................................................................. 45
6.3.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80km ................................................... 48
6.3.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation ................................................. 51
6.4 Feature Deactivation Procedure......................................................................... 53
6.4.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120 km ................................................ 55
6.4.5 ZWF21-41-003 Extended Cell Range to 240 km ................................................ 55
6.4.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency shift Compensation .................................................. 56
7 Abbreviation .................................................................................................... 56
8 Reference Document....................................................................................... 58

FIGURES
Figure 3-1 Connection of Single Antenna Reception ..........................................................10

Figure 3-2 Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity .................................................11
Figure 3-3 Connection of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity .................................................12
Figure 3-4 Mechanism of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity.................................................13
Figure 3-5 Connection of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity .................................................14
Figure 3-6 Sections of Radio Propagation on the Sea........................................................16
Figure 3-7 Propagation Curve ............................................................................................19
Figure 3-8 Connection of TMA ...........................................................................................21
Figure 3-9 Scenario Where a High-Speed UE Passes a Node B .......................................27
Figure 3-10 Doppler Shift When the Value of D Changes at Different Vehicle Rates .........28
Figure 3-11 Frequency Offset Estimation of ZTE UMTS ....................................................31
Figure 3-12 Frequency Offset Compensated by ZTE UMTS Baseband Subsystem ...........32
Figure 6-1 Choosing the Sector That the Test Cell Belongs to ...........................................38
Figure 6-2 Configuring Rx Type to Diversity .......................................................................39
Figure 6-3 Configuring Rx Device to Diversity ....................................................................39
Figure 6-4 Choosing the Sector That the Test Cell Belongs to ...........................................40
Figure 6-5 Configuring Rx Type to 4-Diversity....................................................................41
Figure 6-6 Configuring Rx Device to 4-Diversity.................................................................41
Figure 6-7 Configuring the Cell with a Radius of 80 km......................................................42
Figure 6-8 Configuring the Cell with a Radius of 120 km ....................................................43
Figure 6-9 Configuring the Cell with a Radius of 240 km....................................................44
Figure 6-10 Configuring the Moving Speed of the Cell to 250-350 km/h.............................45
Figure 6-11 Test Bed of Receive Diversity .........................................................................45
Figure 6-12 Test Bed of Four Antenna Diversity Reception................................................46
Figure 6-13 Test Bed of Extended Cell Range ...................................................................48
Figure 6-14 Test Bed of Frequency Shift Compensation ....................................................51

TABLES
Table 2-1 License Control List ............................................................................................ 8

Table 3-1 Mapping Between AMR and Coverage Gain ......................................................24
Table 3-2 Relationship Between the Doppler shift and the Vehicle Rates ..........................28
Table 3-3 Parameters in High-Speed Train Scenarios .......................................................30
Table 4-1 Receive Diversity Parameter List .......................................................................32
Table 4-2 Four Antenna Diversity Reception Parameter List ..............................................33
Table 4-3 Extended Cell Range to 80km Parameters List ..................................................34
Table 4-4 Extended Cell Range to 120km Parameters List ................................................35
Table 4-5 Extended Cell Range to 240km Parameters List ................................................35
Table 4-6 Frequency shift Compensation Parameters List .................................................36
Table 6-1 Feature Validation Procedure - Receive Diversity ..............................................45
Table 6-2 Feature Validation Procedure - Four Antenna Diversity Reception .....................46
Table 6-3 Feature Validation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 80km...........................48
Table 6-4 Feature Validation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 120km .........................49
Table 6-5 Feature Validation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 240km .........................50
Table 6-6 Feature Validation Procedure - Frequency Shift Compensation .........................51
Table 6-7 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Receive Diversity ..........................................53
Table 6-8 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Four Antenna Diversity Reception .................54
Table 6-9 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 80 km ......................54
Table 6-10 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 120 km ..................55
Table 6-11 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 240 km ..................55
Table 6-12 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Frequency shift Compensation ....................56

1 Feature Attribute
RNC version: [RNC: V3.14.10, V4.14.10]
Node B version: [ZXSDR V4.14.10.10]
Attribute: [Optional]
Involved NEs:
NE Name Related or Not Special Requirement
MS/UE √
BTS/Node B √
BSC/RNC √
iTC -
MSC -
MGW -
SGSN -
GGSN -
HLR -
“√”: involved, “-”: not involved
2 Overview
2.1 Feature Introduction
During network planning and construction, it is necessary to use the uplink or downlink
coverage enhancement technology in accordance with network load and service
distribution to enhance coverage in a specific direction. This document describes the
functions and applications of main uplink and downlink coverage enhancement
technologies (two-antenna receive diversity, four-antenna receive diversity, and
Extended Cell Range) used in ZTE UMTS products.

2.1.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity
The diversity technology is implemented by searching and utilizing independent

multi-path signals in the natural radio propagation environment. In short, the technology
is to select and combine two or more paths of signals so as to raise both the
instantaneous SNR and average SNR of a receiver. Diversity is an anti-fading
technology used for mobile communication. It is also a powerful receiving technology
that improves the radio link performance greatly.
In practice, such technologies as multi-path diversity, multi-antenna receive diversity, and

macro diversity, are used to increase uplink coverage.
 ZTE UMTS products enable multi-path diversity reception and Maximal Ratio
Combining (MRC) of signals through a Rake receiver.
 ZTE UMTS products use the multi-antenna receive diversity technology, for
example, two-antenna receive diversity and four-antenna receive diversity.
 ZTE UMTS products support soft handover and softer handover.
2.1.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving
ZTE UMTS products also support four-antenna diversity reception to raise the SNR and
improve the uplink radio performance more.
2.1.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80 km
Due to the powerful baseband processing capability and searching capability, ZTE
UMTS products ensure UE random access to a cell in an 80 km radius. ZTE UMTS
products support an extended cell range to 80 km through various coverage
enhancement technologies including multi-antenna reception, transmit diversity, and
antenna feeder optimization.
ZTE UMTS products also support an extended cell range to 120 km.

ZTE UMTS products also support an extended cell range to 240 km.
2.1.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation
For high-speed access coverage, the system and the environment should be considered
comprehensively to solve various problems related to high-speed moving, especially
Doppler shift, fast handover and call through rate.
3GPP has defined three high-speed train scenarios:
 Trains moving at a rate of 350 km/h in open space
 Trains moving at a rate of 300 km/h in tunnels with distributed antenna coverage
 Trains moving at a rate of 300 km/h in tunnels with leaky cables
Based on the experience of implementing the mobile technology for years, ZTE has
developed a series of distinctive high-speed mobile technologies such as the baseband
frequency offset compensation algorithm, the optimized RRM algorithm for high-speed
moving, and flexible network planning adapted to various environments. These
technologies handle high-speed WCDMA communication scenarios with rates higher
than 350 km/h, and provide abundant data and voice services to satisfy users'
requirements.
2.2 License Control
There is no license for ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity.
The other licenses are listed in the following table.
Table 2-1 License Control List

Feature ID Feature Name License Control Configured Unit
Item NE
ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Four Antenna NodeB Cell

Diversity Reception

Feature ID Feature Name License Control Configured Unit

Item NE
Receiving (UMTS)
ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell UMTS Extended NodeB Cell

Range to 80 km Cell Range to 80
km

Range to 120 Cell Range to 120
km km

Range to 240 Cell Range to 240
km km
ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift UMTS High NodeB Cell

Compensation Speed Mobility
Access
2.3 Correlation With Other Features
1. Required Features
None
2. Mutually Exclusive Features
None
3. Affected Features
None

3 Technical Description
3.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity
3.1.1 Single Antenna Reception
Receive diversity is not implemented if only one antenna is used to receive uplink signals.
You must set the RxType parameter in a UMTS sector to No Diversity[1], and
configure a receiving device for this sector.
By default, only one antenna is configured in one RRU. The Tx antenna can only be
connected to the TX/RX path of the RRU, whereas the Rx antenna can be connected to
the TX/RX path or the RX path of the RRU, which means that either of the two paths can
be the receive antenna path (see Figure 3-1). In the following figure, RTR is a transceiver
module of RRU, PA is a power amplifier module, and DF is a duplexer and a filter.
Figure 3-1 Connection of Single Antenna Reception
3.1.2 Two-Antenna Reception
Receive diversity includes multi-path diversity, multi-antenna diversity, and softer

handover. It makes no difference when a Rake receiver processes these types of

diversity. When the corresponding demodulation multiple fingers are allocated to the
configured multi-path signals, the RF module can receive and utilize all the energy
transmitted from the multiple paths of the multiple antennas. Therefore, multi-antenna
receive diversity is based on a Rake receiver.
When two-antenna receive diversity is used, you must set the RxType parameter in a
UMTS sector to Diversity[2]. At the same time, you must configure two receiving
devices.
The following figure shows the mechanism of two-antenna receive diversity.
Figure 3-2 Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity
Reflector RF Unit (RRU） Base Band Unit（BBU）
RF
process Multi-path detection and
Antenna 1 assignation
U Finger
E MRC
demodulation
RF
Antenna 2 process
Symbol
level
process
Two-Antenna receive diversity works on the following principles:
1. The radio signals received by the two antennas are processed by RF units
respectively, and then are sent to the Base Band Unit (BBU) of a Node B.
2. The BBU receives the Rake signal and performs the subsequent processing.
The Rake receiver mainly implements the following functions:
 Multi-path detection and assignment
 Finger demodulation

 MRC
For two-antenna receive diversity, the multi-path detection and assignment module
searches signals over the two antennas at the same time, merges the lagged energy
values of the two antennas, and assigns demodulation fingers for some multi-paths in a
descending order of the energy.
For the assigned demodulation fingers, a Rake receiver centrally performs the following
demodulation operations: descrambling, dispreading, channel estimation and
compensation, and frequency offset estimation and compensation.
Finally, a Rake receiver performs the MRC operation for the demodulation results of all
paths, and performs the subsequent symbol level processing.
Figure 3-3 shows the hardware connection of two-antenna receive diversity.
Figure 3-3 Connection of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity
ANT1 ANT2
R&T R
RRU/RSU
DF
T 2R
RTR+PA
BBU
The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to a power amplifier

module, DF refers to a duplexer and a filter, ANT1 refers to Antenna 1, and ANT2 refers
to Antenna 2.
By default, a single RRU and a single antenna are configured. Therefore, you should
configure the RF connection for a Rake receiver before configuring two antennas or
multiple antennas. The detailed procedure is described as follows:

1. Add an RRU in device. Set these parameters: RackNo, and RRUtype.
2. Set the Optical port rate (opticalModuleType) parameter in the RRU Optical Port
Device for each port of the new RRU.
3. Select BTS Auxiliary Peripheral Device > Cable > Fiber Cable, and add the RRU
to the topological structure. Set the upper-level optical port (ref1FiberDevice) and
lower-level optical port (ref2FiberDevice). Select the port on the FS board as the
upper-level port, and select the port on the new added RRU as the lower-level port.
3.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving
3.2.1 Four-Antenna Reception
The following figure shows the mechanism of four-antenna receive diversity.
Figure 3-4 Mechanism of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity
Reflector RF Unit1 (RRU） Base Band Unit（BBU）
RF
Antenna 1 process Multi-path detection and
assignation
RF
U Antenna 2 process
E
Finger
demodulation MRC
RF
Antenna 3 process
Symbol
level
RF
process
Antenna 4 process
RF Unit 2(RRU）
Four-antenna receive diversity works on the following principles:
1. Four-antenna receive diversity is implemented with two RF units. Each RF unit

inputs two antenna signals, which are processed by two independent RF channels
of the RF units and then sent to the BBU of a Node B.

2. The BBU performs the following Rake processing:
The multi-path detection and assignment module searches signals of four antennas
at the same time, merges the lagged energy values of two antennas of each RF unit
respectively, and thus obtains two groups of combined energy values. The module
assigns demodulation fingers in a descending order of the energy. The module
obtains two groups of assignment results, which correspond to the two two-antenna
groups of the two RF units respectively.
When four-antenna receive diversity is used, you must configure the RxType parameter
to 4-Diversity[18] in a UMTS sector. At the same time, you must configure four
receiving devices (rxDevice).
The subsequent processing is the same as that for two-antenna receive diversity.
Figure 3-5 shows the hardware connection of four-antenna diversity. It shows that the
hardware configuration of four-antenna diversity equals the configuration of two suits of
two-antenna diversity.
Figure 3-5 Connection of Four-Antenna Receive Diversity
ANT1 ANT2 ANT3 ANT4
R R R&T R
RRU/RSU RRU/RSU
DF DF
2RX TX 2RX
RTR RTR+PA
BBU
The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to a power amplifier

module, DF refers to a duplexer and a filter, ANT1 refers to Antenna 1, ANT2 refers to
Antenna 2, ANT3 refers to Antenna 3, and ANT4 refers to Antenna 4.

The procedure of adding new RF connections to four-antenna receive diversity is the

same as that of adding new RF connections to two-antenna receive diversity.
3.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80 km
The scenarios of an extended cell include sea surfaces, deserts, grasslands,

mountainous regions, and mountains. ZTE UMTS products support a cell in an 80 km
radius. To configure an 80 km extended cell range, you should set the cellRadius
parameter to 80,000 m.
To attain better coverage, you should take the following coverage enhancement
measures:
 Reduce the path loss by adjusting the mounting height of antennas and lowering the
carrier frequency band.
 Improve the sensitivity by using directional antennas and tower mounted amplifiers
and reducing the noise figure of the receivers.
 Improve the processing gain, for example, use the AMR codes.
 Improve the baseband processing capability to enhance the cell search capability.
 Reduce the fading margin through various diversity technologies such as multi-path
diversity, antenna diversity, and macro diversity.
3.3.1 Reduction of Path Loss
The typical application of an extended cell is sea coverage. Depending on the coverage
distance, the radio propagation area on the sea is divided into three sections: A, B, and C.
Figure 3-6 shows the propagation sections.

Figure 3-6 Sections of Radio Propagation on the Sea
The following shows the details:
i Section A: The distance from the BTS to its visual range point is set to d1.
ii Section B: The distance from the visual range point of the BTS to the combined
visual range point of the BTS and UE is set to d2.
iii Section C: The distance of the shadow area beyond the combined visual range
point of the BTS and UE is set to d.
1. Formula of line-of-sight propagation loss
The propagation distance of radio electromagnetic waves on the sea can exceed
the visible distance through diffraction. The earth is a sphere. Assume that the
mounting height of the BTS is Ht and the height of UE is Hr. The combined
maximum visible distance (line-of-sight distance) between the BTS and UE is as
follows:
d  2R ( Ht  Hr ) (km) (1)

R refers to the radius of the earth. Considering the impact of atmospheric refraction
on the propagation of radio electromagnetic waves, the equivalent earth radius Re is
usually used instead of R. In the conditions of standard atmospheric refraction, Re =
8,500 km. Therefore, Formula (1) is changed into the following formula:
d  4.12( Ht  Hr ) (km) (2)
The three propagation sections (A, B, and C) on the sea are described as follows:
 Section A: The distance from the BTS to the visual range point is set to d1.
d 1  4.12 Ht (km) (3)
 Section B: The distance from the visual range point of the BTS to the
combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs is set to d2. Based on
Formula (2), the following formula can be derived:
d 2  4.12 Hr (km) (4)
 Section C: The shadow area beyond the combined visual range point of the
BTS and UEs, that is, the area with the propagation distance beyond d1+d2.
2. Formula of path loss during radio propagation
Section A:
Within the propagation distance of Section A, the radio propagation environment is

very good on the sea and is similar to the propagation environment in free space.
The mounting height of the BTS and height of UEs have little impact on propagation
path loss, but have some impact on applicable distance and slope of path loss. The
component of reflected waves is smaller than that of direct waves, and has little
impact on the prediction of statistical median of the receiving level. Therefore, it can
be ignored. For Section A, the formula on propagation path loss is as follows:
Lp  32.44 20lg f 10 lg(dkm) (5)
where,

Lp refers to the propagation path loss on the sea.
dkm refers to the distance (km) between the test point and the BTS. dkm ≤ d1.
f refers to the carrier frequency (MHz).
 refers to the slope of path loss. Its value range is 2.6 to 3.4.
Section B:
Section B is a transition from the approximate free space to the shadow globe area.
At the combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs, the additional diffraction
loss is about 6 dB. If the accuracy of prediction is ensured, the formula on
propagation path loss in Section B is as follows:
Lp  32.44 20lg f 10 lg(dkm)  6(dkm  d1) / d 2 (6)
where,
The parameters are the same as those of Section A, for example, d1≤dkm≤d1+d2.
Section C:
Section C is in the shadow globe area. You should refer to the diffraction loss model
and calibrate the model properly. In addition, you should consider the environmental
features of radio propagation on the sea and the operability of coverage prediction.
The formula on propagation path loss is as follows:
Lp  32.44  20lg f  10 lg(dkm)  20lg0.5e (0.450.62v) v 

  (7)
where,
L refers to the wavelength (km).
v   Re1  sin(   ) (sin   sin  )

2dkm
 (d 1  d 2)(dkm  (d 1  d 2) (8)

Re refers to the equivalent earth radius when the impact of atmospheric refraction
on radio electromagnetic waves is taken into account. In the condition of standard
atmospheric refraction, Re = 8,500 km.
α = (d1+d2)/Re: refers to the included angle of the combined visual range of the BTS
and UEs to the calibrated earth model (unit: radian).
β = [dkm-(d1+d2)]/Re: refers to the included angle between the test point and the
combined visual range point of the BTS and UEs to the calibrated earth model (unit:
radian).
The parameters are the same as those of Section A, for example, dkm ≥ d1+d2.
3. The total propagation loss equals the sum of propagation loss in Sections A, B,
and C.
Assume that the preceding path loss model is used. Figure 3-7 shows a typical
extended cell link propagation curve.
Figure 3-7 Propagation Curve
Section A is the line-of-sight propagation range and is also the main coverage area of
over-distance coverage. To widen the line-of-sight propagation range, the most effective
way is to raise the altitude height of the BTS antenna and altitude height of the UE

antenna, and reduce the carrier frequency. In practice, it is difficult to stipulate the altitude
height of UEs by force. Therefore, the effective way is to raise the altitude height of the
BTS antenna. Additionally, it is also an effective way to reduce the carrier transmit
frequency. For example, assume that the altitude height of the UE antenna is 3 meters.
To ensure the coverage distance of 80 km, the altitude height of the BTS antenna should
be 310 meters (in the 2.1 GHz frequency band) or 260 meters (in the 900 MHz frequency
band).
3.3.2 Optimization of Antenna
ZTE’s UMTS extended cell solution considers the gain of directional antennas. A
high-gain directional antenna can be used to raise the receiving gain and the coverage
distance significantly.
 A directional antenna brings a far higher gain than an omni directional antenna
(usually by 6 to 7 dB) does. Therefore, the coverage radius of a macro cell
 A directional transmission antenna is intended to improve the efficient utilization of

the transmit power and raise the confidentiality. A directional receiving antenna is
intended to enhance the immunity from interference and raise the coverage
distance.
 The actual gain of a directional antenna is related to the angle of the antenna.
Usually, the smaller the lobe width is, the higher the gain is and the longer the
coverage distance is. The smaller the lobe width is, the more cells are required.

Figure 3-8 Connection of TMA
ANTENNNA ANTENNNA ANTENNNA
+45º -45º +45º -45º +45º -45º

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Div Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Div Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Div
½ Jumpers
TMA TMA TMA
7/8 Feeder Cables
½ Jumpers
Tx/Rx
Tx/RxTx/Rx Div Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Div
Div
Sector1 Sector2 Sector3
Node B
UMTS
A TMA is used to amplify the uplink signals. Usually, it is installed between the main
feeder and the upside jumper (the 1/2 jumper connected to the antenna) so as to offset
the deficiency of the uplink during the balanced budget between the uplink and downlink.
ZTE’s UMTS extended cell solution fully considers the functions and advantages of the
TMA, and uses the TMA technology to avoid system noise deterioration caused by over
length of the feeder and improve the system sensitivity. As an important coverage
enhancement means, the TMA technology is widely applied. It is mainly used in

extended cell scenarios, for example, suburban areas, rural areas, sea surface, and
deserts.
Customers can select the electrical down tilt antenna and TMA solution for the AISG
interface. The solution allows you to adjust the down tilt angle of the antenna and TMA
gain through remote or local control software, thus facilitating fine adjustment and
network optimization.
3.3.3 Cell Searching Capability
For an extended cell, the greater the cell radius is, the larger the Node B uplink
multi-path search window is and the more search resources have to be consumed. ZTE
Node B baseband processing boards use the ASIC chip with proprietary intellectual
property. The ASIC chip is so designed to provide the search capability of an extended
cell. ZTE baseband processing boards support the baseband processing capability and
search capability of an over-distance (80 km) coverage cell and reserve the PRACH
preamble search and message demodulation resources.
3.3.4 AMR Code
The bit rate affects the uplink coverage. The higher the bit rate is, the lower the
processing gain is and the smaller the coverage area is. An AMR vocoder can be used to
raise the coverage area of the voice service effectively. The AMR vocoder is a single
voice codec. Its source rate can be 12.2 (GSM-EFR), 10.2, 7.95, 7.40 (IS-641), 6.70
(PDC-EFR), 5.90, 5.15, and 4.75 kbit/s.
Dynamic AMR adjustment is to adjust the rate of the uplink and downlink AMR service
rates dynamically to adapt the ever-changing radio environment. In the UMTS, the radio
environment between a UE and a BTS is constantly changing. When the UE moves to
the edge of the coverage area or if the radio environment is bad, the BTS or UE transmits
higher power through closed-loop power control to ensure the QoS of the AMR service.
As a result, the power is further raised, the radio environment is further deteriorated, and
the system capacity is reduced. Furthermore, the QoS cannot be ensured even if the
power is raised to an ultimate value. In this case, you can lower the AMR, offset the
deterioration of the radio environment through a high spreading gain, and reduce the
power overhead. If the radio environment between the UE and BTS is very good and if

the transmit power of the BTS or UE is very low, you can raise the AMR to provide a
higher QoS so long as the experience of other subscribers or system performance is not
affected.
ZTE UMTS products support dynamic AMR adjustment based on the transmit power of
dedicated channels:
 When the uplink transmit power of the UE is very high, the uplink AMR is reduced at
the UE side under the control of the RNC.
 When the downlink dedicated transmit power of the Node B is very high, the
downlink AMR is reduced at the CN side under the control of the RNC.
 When the uplink transmit power of the UE is very low and system load is very low,
the uplink AMR is raised at the UE side under the control of the RNC.
 When the downlink dedicated transmit power of the Node B is very low and system
load is very low, the downlink AMR is raised at the CN side under the control of the
RNC.
The RNC sends a TFC CONTROL message to the UE to control the uplink AMR at the
UE side. The RNC sends the IUUP rate control frame to the CN to control the downlink
AMR at the CN side.
You can obtain the link budget gain by reducing the AMR. The calculation formula is
described as follows:
3 dB
12.2  12.2 10 10
Gain _ AMR  10 * log 10( 3 dB
）
bitrate _ AMR (kb / s)  12.2 10 10
For the 12.2 kbps AMR voice service, the power difference between the DPCCH and
DPDCH is -3 dB. When the AMR is varying, the power of the DPCCH remains
unchanged. When the AMR goes down, the power of the DPDCH is reduced.
The following table shows the mapping between the AMR and the gain of the 12.2 kbps
voice service.

Table 3-1 Mapping Between AMR and Coverage Gain
AMR (kbps) Coverage Gain (dB)
12.2 0
10.2 0.5
7.95 1.15
7.4 1.32
6.7 1.55
5.9 1.83
5.15 2.11
4.75 2.27
The coverage gain varies with the coverage scenario. The coverage gain is mainly
related to the path loss factors. For over-distance coverage, the coverage gain varies
with the height of the BTS antenna.
The extended cell range scenarios include seas, deserts, grasslands, plains, and
mountains. ZTE UMTS products support a cell in a 120 km radius. To configure such a
cell, you should set the cellRadius parameter to 120,000 m.
For a description of the technology used for 120 km extended cell range, refer to Section
3.3.
The extended cell range scenarios include seas, desserts, grasslands, plains, and
mountains. ZTE UMTS products support a cell in a 240 km radius. To configure such a
cell, you should set the cellRadius parameter to 240,000 m.
For a description of the technology used for 240 km extended cell range, refer to Section
3.3.
This feature needs the support of a BPK baseband board.

3.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation
Compared with the communications in standstill or low-speed moving scenarios, there

are more problems involved in the high-speed moving scenarios. The main influences
are Doppler shift and fast handover. The higher the move speed is, the more influence
there are, the more difficult the problem is solved, and the higher-level technologies are
required.
Compared with the common access scenarios, the high-speed access scenario has the
following features:
1. Propagation model and channel environment
The propagation environment and channel environment of high-speed trains are

similar to those of expressways. The propagation environment outside a train is
similar to that in rural scenarios. Similarly, a direct path between a UE and a Node B
exists in a high probability. There is little time delay spread and less paths (except
for the mountainous areas), and the beam-forming gain of a smart antenna is
supposed to be high.
2. Vehicle loss
Since users are inside a high-speed train, the penetration loss of the vehicle should
be considered during coverage planning. The penetration loss is generally 10–15
dB for a common train. For example, the penetration loss of a high-speed train
moving from Guangzhou to Shenzhen is about 15–20 dB in accordance with the
test results. The penetration loss brings great challenges on continuous coverage.
3. Terminals at a high move speed
The move speed of a UE is generally 150–200 km/h, but may reach 250 km/h in
some railway sections. In the coming years, the move speed of a UE could be
300–350 km/h. At such a speed, the Doppler shift is more than 400 Hz. Both the
Node B and the UE must support dynamic phase compensation to meet the Quality
of Service (QoS) requirements.
4. User distribution

The users in high-speed trains are distributed inside the passenger carriages and
move along the train. The handover and cell reselection procedures are rather
frequently. Therefore, Node B resources are occupied in a burst manner.
5. Special environments such as railway tunnels
There are more railway tunnels than road tunnels. In most cases, railway tunnels
are much longer than road tunnels. So railway tunnels need special coverage
design.
3.6.1 Doppler shift
In high-speed coverage scenarios, the Doppler Effect has the greatest influence on the
UMTS system performance. The wavelengths of the received signals are changed due
to the relative motion of the signal source and the receiver. This is called a Doppler effect.
In mobile communication systems, especially in high-speed scenarios, a Doppler effect
is even more obvious. The frequency offset caused by a Doppler effect is called Doppler
shift, which is expressed by the following formula:
f
fd   v  cos
C
Where:
θ is the inclined angle between the move direction of the UE and the signal propagation
direction.
v is the move speed of the UE.
C is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves.
f is the carrier frequency, which is about 2 GHz.
Assume that a high-speed UE passes a Node B. The scenario is shown in the following
figure.

Figure 3-9 Scenario Where a High-Speed UE Passes a Node B
UE θ
r
d
Node B x
When the carrier frequency f and the move speed v are fixed, the Doppler shift will be
changed with cosθ. In addition, since the UE adjusts its transmission frequency in
accordance with its receiving signal from the Node B, a double Doppler shift will be
generated for the Node B. Therefore, fd can be further expressed by the following
formula:
2  f  v2  t
fd 
C  v2  t2  d 2
The following figure shows a tendency curve of the Doppler frequency offset that varies
with the value of d at different vehicle rates.

Figure 3-10 Doppler Shift When the Value of D Changes at Different Vehicle Rates
Derived from the figure above, the Doppler shift has the following features:
1. When a UE is moving, the Doppler shift changes as the UE changes its location.
2. The maximum Doppler shift received by the Node B is in proportion to the move
speed of the UE. The more quickly the UE moves, the greater the frequency offset is.
For details, refer to the following table.
Table 3-2 Relationship Between the Doppler shift and the Vehicle Rates
Vehicle Rate (km/h) Maximum Doppler Shift (Hz)
120 480
300 1150
350 1340
430 1600
3. The farther the UE is moving away from the Node B, the more Doppler shift is.
When the UE passes the Node B, the frequency offset would be 0 but the frequency
offset changes greatly.

3.6.2 Baseband Frequency Offset Compensation Algorithm
The Doppler shift greatly affects the users moving at a high speed. Estimating and
correcting this frequency offset to the transmitter is a mandatory function of the Node B
receiver. Otherwise, the link performance will be greatly affected. In addition, the Node B
receiver must solve the fast changing of frequency offset, that is to say, it must rapidly
adapt to the changing speed of frequency offset and effectively make compensation.
The baseband frequency offset compensation algorithm of the Node B usually has two
types: frequency offset estimation and compensation in the random access procedure,
and frequency offset estimation and compensation for dedicated channels. These two
types greatly differ from each other.
In the access procedure of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, the
frequency offset estimation and compensation in the random access procedure should
attain a tradeoff between resources and performance. When decoding the preamble
information, the system simultaneously performs frequency offset compensation and
decoding by setting multiple fixed frequencies offset compensation values, determines
the frequency offset compensation value with which the decoding results have the
highest preamble energy, and then uses this value to make frequency offset
compensation in the access message decoding procedure. When the move speed of a
magnetic levitation train reaches 430 km/h, the maximum Doppler frequency offset is
approximately 2000 Hz. If the system uses the current random access frequency offset
estimation and compensation method, usually more than seven preset frequency offset
compensation values need to be set. This involves a huge waste of hardware resources,
because usually only three preset frequency offset compensation values are set in
wireless scenarios. Even so, the estimated frequency offset value is not accurate enough.
To solve this problem, ZTE has developed an enhanced frequency offset estimation
method, which can guarantee better frequency offset estimation performance while
greatly saving preamble check resources and can be flexibly applied to the configuration
of coherent integration parameters.
The frequency offset estimation and compensation algorithm for dedicated channels
should focus on the speed and range of frequency offset tracking. For example, the
channel model for high-speed trains defined in 3GPP R7 comprehensively takes the
speed and range of frequency offset tracking into account, refer to the following table.

Table 3-3 Parameters in High-Speed Train Scenarios
Value
Parameter
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
1000 m Infinity 300 m
Ds
Dmin 50 m - 2m
K - 10 dB -
v 350 km/h 300 km/h 300 km/h
fd 1340 Hz 1150 Hz 1150 Hz
Ds 2
In the table above, is the farthest distance in meter from the train to the Node B,
Dmin is the distance in meter from the Node B to the rail, and v is the move velocity of
the train.
ZTE UMTS baseband subsystem employs an independently-developed frequency offset

compensation algorithm to ensure that the frequency offset estimation is within a
reasonable range and the changes of the frequency offset could be quickly tracked. The
figure below describes the obtained frequency offset tracking results.

Figure 3-11 Frequency Offset Estimation of ZTE UMTS
The figure shows the actual frequency offset after it is compensated by ZTE UMTS
baseband subsystem. The estimated value of frequency offset well coincides with the
actual value of frequency offset, and the maximum frequency offset estimation error is
less than 300 Hz.

Figure 3-12 Frequency Offset Compensated by ZTE UMTS Baseband Subsystem
4 Parameters
4.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity
Table 4-1 Receive Diversity Parameter List
Recom
Managed Parameter Default mende
Logic Name Value Range Unit
Object Description Value d
Value
1: No Diversity,
2: Diversity,
The parameter
3: 4-RRU DIV,
USector.rxT indicates the
Rx Type 4: 2-RRU DIV, 2 2
ype receiving type of
5: 5-RRU DIV,
this sector
6: 3-RRU DIV,
7: 6-RRU DIV,

Recom
Value
8: 4-RRU NOT
DIV,
9: 2-RRU NOT
DIV,
10: 5-RRU NOT
DIV,
11: 3-RRU NOT
DIV,
12: 6-RRU NOT
DIV,
13: MIMO(2Rx)
17: MIMO(4Rx)
18: 4-Diversity
The parameter
USector. indicates the
Rx Device
rxDevice receiving device of
this sector
4.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving
Table 4-2 Four Antenna Diversity Reception Parameter List
Recom
Value
1: No Diversity,
2: Diversity,
The parameter
3: 4-RRU DIV,
USector.rxT indicates the
Rx Type 4: 2-RRU DIV, 2 18
ype receiving type of
5: 5-RRU DIV,
this sector
6: 3-RRU DIV,
7: 6-RRU DIV,

Recom
Value
8: 4-RRU NOT
DIV,
9: 2-RRU NOT
DIV,
10: 5-RRU NOT
DIV,
11: 3-RRU NOT
DIV,
12: 6-RRU NOT
DIV,
13: MIMO(2Rx)
17: MIMO(4Rx)
18: 4-Diversity
The parameter
USector. indicates the
Rx Device
rxDevice receiving device of
this sector
4.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80km
Table 4-3 Extended Cell Range to 80km Parameters List
Recom
Value
2500: 2.5km,
5000: 5km,
The parameter 10000: 10km,
ULocalCell.c
Cell radius indicates the cell 20000: 20km, 5000 80000
ellRadius
radius 40000: 40km,
80000: 80km,
120000: 120km,

Recom
Value
240000: 240km
Recom
Value
2500: 2.5km,
5000: 5km,
10000: 10km,
The parameter
ULocalCell.c 20000: 20km,
Cell radius indicates the cell 5000 120000
ellRadius 40000: 40km,
radius
80000: 80km,
120000: 120km,
240000: 240km
Recom
Value
2500: 2.5km,
The parameter
ULocalCell.c 5000: 5km,
Cell radius indicates the cell 5000 240000
ellRadius 10000: 10km,
radius
20000: 20km,

Recom
Value
40000: 40km,
80000: 80km,
120000: 120km,
240000: 240km
4.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency shift Compensation
Table 4-6 Frequency shift Compensation Parameters List
Recom
Managed Logic Default mende
Parameter Description Value Range Unit
Object Name Value d
Value
ULocalCe 0: 0-250km/h,
Moving This parameter indicates the
ll.support 1: 0 1
speed speed which the cell supports.
Speed 250-350km/h
5 Related Counters and Alarms
5.1 Related Counters
These features have no related counter.
5.2 Related Alarms
These features have no related alarms.

6 Engineering Guide
6.1 Application Scenario
Diversity reception can be configured based on different scenarios. In most scenarios, a

Node B adopts two-antenna receive diversity configuration. In some special scenarios, a
Node B adopts other configuration, for example, single-antenna reception in an indoor
distribution system, and four-antenna reception in an extended cell range scenario.
The extended cell range configuration is applicable to sea surfaces, deserts, and
grasslands featuring wide areas and few people. This configuration saves the site
investment cost.
The high-speed access configuration is applicable to a high-speed railway scenario. This

configuration improves network performance in high-speed situations.
6.2 Feature Activation Procedure
In the configuration resource tree, select Modify Area > Managed Element > Radio
Parameter > UMTS and double-click UMTS Sector. Set the parameters as required.
See Figure 6-4 through Figure 6-9.

Figure 6-1 Choosing the Sector That the Test Cell Belongs to

Figure 6-2 Configuring Rx Type to Diversity
Figure 6-3 Configuring Rx Device to Diversity

Parameter > UMTS and double-click UMTS Sector. Set the parameters as required.
See Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-9.
Figure 6-4 Choosing the Sector That the Test Cell Belongs to

Figure 6-5 Configuring Rx Type to 4-Diversity
Figure 6-6 Configuring Rx Device to 4-Diversity

6.2.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80km
Parameter > UMTS > UMTS Sector and double-click Local Cell. Set Cell Radius. See
Figure 6-7.
Figure 6-7 Configuring the Cell with a Radius of 80 km
Figure 6-8.

Figure 6-9.

Parameter > UMTS > UMTS Sector and double-click Local Cell. Set Moving Speed.
See Figure 6-10.

Figure 6-10 Configuring the Moving Speed of the Cell to 250-350 km/h
6.3 Feature Validation Procedure
Figure 6-11 Test Bed of Receive Diversity
BBU RRU 1:2 attenuator Signal Generator
Table 6-1 Feature Validation Procedure - Receive Diversity
Test Item Receive Diversity
Prerequisite The WCDMA system is operating properly.

Test Item Receive Diversity
1. Connect the test bed, see Figure 6-12.

2. Set the frequency sent by the signal generator.
3. Start transmitting a 12.2 kbps reference measurement channel in
the signal generator. The pseudorandom data sequence should
be PN-9 or longer.
4. Adjust the output level of the signal generator.
5. Monitor the BER calculated by the trace tool of ZTE for at least
30000 received data bits using the appropriate measuring device
Step
or application.
6. Decrease the output level of the signal generator until the BER
exceeds 0.001.The level is the receiving sensitivity.
7. Configure the cell with no receiver diversity and repeat steps 3-6.
Expected 1. The receiving sensitivity with receive diversity should be 2-3 dB

Result
lower than that without receive diversity.
Figure 6-12 Test Bed of Four Antenna Diversity Reception
Table 6-2 Feature Validation Procedure - Four Antenna Diversity Reception
Test Item Four Antenna Diversity Reception

Test Item Four Antenna Diversity Reception

2. Set the frequency sent by the signal generator.
3. Start transmitting a 12.2 kbps reference measurement channel in
the signal generator. The pseudorandom data sequence should
be PN-9 or longer.
4. Adjust the output level of the signal generator.
5. Monitor the BER calculated by the trace tool of ZTE for at least
30000 received data bits using the appropriate measuring device
Step
or application.
6. Decrease the output level of the signal generator until the BER
exceeds 0.001.The level is the receiving sensitivity.
7. Configure the cell with no receiver diversity and repeat steps 3-6.
Expected 1. The receiving sensitivity with four-antenna receive diversity

Result
should be 4-5dB lower than that without receive diversity.

Figure 6-13 Test Bed of Extended Cell Range
PA IN1 IN2
TX/RX
ANT
40dB attenuator DDL
RX
Fading simulator
RRU (SR5500)
40dB attenuator adjustable

RX attenuator OUT1 OUT2
2:1
PA
DDL
UE ANT
RX
Table 6-3 Feature Validation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 80km
Test Item Extended Cell Range to 80km

2. Adjust the attenuator and the input or output level of SR5500 so
that both the uplink and the downlink pathloss are about 137 dB
(based on the formula of space loss:
Lfs=32.44+20log(d/km)+20log(f/MHz)).
3. Configure the time delay of SR5500 so that both the uplink and
Step
the downlink time delay are about 258 us (considering the time
delay between the test device and the instruments).
4. Establish a 12.2k voice call.
5. End the call and increase the uplink and the downlink time delay
1
to be higher than 266 us .
6. Establish a 12.2k voice call again.
1
266us=80km/(300000km/s)

1. With the uplink and downlink path loss of about 137 dB and time
delay of 258 us, the UE can establish a 12.2k call and keep going
Expected
successfully.
Result
2. After the uplink and downlink time delay change to be higher than
266 us, the UE fails to establish a 12.2k call.

3. Configure the time delay of SR5500 so that both the uplink and
Step
the downlink time delay are about 392 us (considering the time
delay between the test device and the instruments).
5. End the call and increase the uplink and the downlink time delay
2
to be higher than 400 us .
1. With uplink and downlink path loss of about 140 dB and time
delay of 392 us, the UE can establish a 12.2k call and keep going
Expected
successfully.
Result
2
400us=120km/(300000km/s)

Prerequisit
The WCDMA system is operating properly.
e

3. Configure the time delay of SR5500 so that both the uplink and the
Step
downlink time delay are about 792 us (considering the time delay
between the test device and the instruments).
5. End the call and increase the uplink and the downlink time delay to
3
be higher than 800 us .
1. With uplink and downlink path loss of about 146 dB and time delay
of 792 us, the UE can establish a 12.2k call and keep going
Expected
successfully.
Result
3
800us=240km/(300000km/s)

Figure 6-14 Test Bed of Frequency Shift Compensation
PA IN1 IN2
TX/RX
ANT
40dB attenuator DDL
RX
Fading simulator
RRU (SR5500)
40dB attenuator adjustable

RX attenuator OUT1 OUT2
2:1
PA
DDL
UE ANT
RX
Table 6-6 Feature Validation Procedure - Frequency Shift Compensation
Test Item Frequency Shift Compensation


2. Configure the channel emulators SR5500 with channel model as
high speed train conditions scenario 1, which is defined in annex
D of 3GPP 25.141.
3. Adjust the SR5500 so that the AWGN at the BS input is

Step
-84 dBm/3.84 MHz and the Eb/No is 7.1 dB.
4. Establish a 12.2k voice call and keep the service for three
minutes.

Expected 1. The UE can establish a CS12.2k voice call successfully and

Result
keep the service normally.
6.4 Feature Deactivation Procedure
If you want to disable a feature, refer to the description in Section 6.2 to change relevant
parameters.
Table 6-7 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Receive Diversity
Managed Parameter
GUI Default Test
Object. Descriptio Value Range Unit
Name Value Value
logic name n
1: No Diversity,
2: Diversity,
3: 4-RRU DIV,
4: 2-RRU DIV,
5: 5-RRU DIV,
6: 3-RRU DIV,
7: 6-RRU DIV,
USector.rxTy The type of 2:Diver 2:Diver
Rx Type 8: 4-RRU NOT DIV, N/A
pe Rx sity sity
9: 2-RRU NOT DIV,
10: 5-RRU NOT DIV,
11: 3-RRU NOT DIV,
12: 6-RRU NOT DIV,
13: MIMO(2Rx)
17: MIMO(4Rx)
18: 4-Diversity

Table 6-8 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Four Antenna Diversity Reception
Managed Parameter
GUI Default Test
Object. Descriptio Value Range Unit
Name Value Value
logic name n
1: No Diversity,
2: Diversity,
3: 4-RRU DIV,
4: 2-RRU DIV,
5: 5-RRU DIV,
6: 3-RRU DIV,
7: 6-RRU DIV,
USector.rxTy The type of 2:Diver 2:Diver
Rx Type 8: 4-RRU NOT DIV, N/A
pe Rx sity sity
9: 2-RRU NOT DIV,
10: 5-RRU NOT DIV,
11: 3-RRU NOT DIV,
12: 6-RRU NOT DIV,
13: MIMO(2Rx)
17: MIMO(4Rx)
18: 4-Diversity
Table 6-9 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Extended Cell Range to 80 km
Managed
Object. Parameter Default
GUI Name Value Range Unit Test Value
logic Description Value
name
2.5km[1]
This parameter 5km[2]

ULocalCell
indicates the 10km[3]
. Cell Radius km 5km[2] 5km[2]
range of cell is 20km[4]
cellRadius
supported 40km[5]
80km[6]

Managed
name
120km[7]
240km[8]
Managed
name
2.5km[1]
5km[2]
This parameter 10km[3]

ULocalCell
indicates the 20km[4]
. Cell Radius km 5km[2] 5km[2]
range of cell is 40km[5]
cellRadius
supported 80km[6]
120km[7]
240km[8]
Managed
name
2.5km[1]
This parameter
ULocalCell 5km[2]
indicates the
. Cell Radius 10km[3] km 5km[2] 5km[2]
range of cell is
cellRadius 20km[4]
supported
40km[5]

Managed
name
80km[6]
120km[7]
240km[8]
6.4.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency shift Compensation
Table 6-12 Feature Deactivation Procedure - Frequency shift Compensation
Managed
name
This parameter
ULocalCell
Moving indicates the 0:0-250km/h 0:0-250k 0:0-250km/
.supportSp Km/h
speed Moving speed of 1:250-350km/h m/h h
eed
cell is supported.
7 Abbreviation
Abbreviation Full Name
16QAM 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel
AISG Antenna Interface Standards Group
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
ANT ANTenna
ASIC Application Specified Integrated Circuit
BBU Base Band Unit
CE Channel Element
CN Core Network
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
DF Duplexer Filter
Div Diversity
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel

DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

EFR Enhanced Full Rate
E-HICH E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
E-RGCH E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
F-DPCH Fractional DPCH
GGSN GPRS Gateway Support Node
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
HLR Home Location Register
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HS-PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
MICH MBMS Indicator Channel
MRC Maximal Ratio Combing
Node B UMTS base station
PA Power Amplifier
P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PDC Personal Digital Cellular
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PSC Primary Synchronisation Code
P-SCH Primary Synchronization Channel
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RAN Radio Access Network
RF Radio frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRU Radio Remote Unit
RTR RRU Transceiver
Rx(R) Receive
S-CCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH Synchronization Channel
S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SSC Secondary Synchronisation Code
STTD Space Time Transmit Diversity
TFC Transmission Power Control
TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier
TSTD Time Switched Transmit Diversity
Tx(T) Transmit
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UPA Uplink Packet Access

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
8 Reference Document
None

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© 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 1

1 Feature Attribute ............................................................................................... 6

3 Technical Description ..................................................................................... 10

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 2

5 Related Counters and Alarms ........................................................................ 36

6 Engineering Guide .......................................................................................... 37

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 3

Figure 3-1 Connection of Single Antenna Reception ..........................................................10

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 4

Table 2-1 License Control List ............................................................................................ 8

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 5

Node B version: [ZXSDR V4.14.10.10]

“√”: involved, “-”: not involved

2.1 Feature Introduction

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 6

2.1.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity

The diversity technology is implemented by searching and utilizing independent

In practice, such technologies as multi-path diversity, multi-antenna receive diversity, and

 ZTE UMTS products support soft handover and softer handover.

2.1.2 ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Diversity Receiving

2.1.3 ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell Range to 80 km

2.1.4 ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell Range to 120 km

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 7

2.1.5 ZWF21-41-003 Extended Cell Range to 240 km

2.1.6 ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift Compensation

3GPP has defined three high-speed train scenarios:

 Trains moving at a rate of 350 km/h in open space

 Trains moving at a rate of 300 km/h in tunnels with leaky cables

2.2 License Control

There is no license for ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity.

The other licenses are listed in the following table.

Table 2-1 License Control List

ZWF21-40-021 Four Way Four Antenna NodeB Cell

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 8

Feature ID Feature Name License Control Configured Unit

ZWF21-40-020 Extended Cell UMTS Extended NodeB Cell

ZWF21-40-024 Extended Cell UMTS Extended NodeB Cell

ZWF21-41-003 Extended Cell UMTS Extended NodeB Cell

ZWF21-40-026 Frequency Shift UMTS High NodeB Cell

2.3 Correlation With Other Features

2. Mutually Exclusive Features

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 9

3.1 ZWF21-40-003 Receive Diversity

3.1.1 Single Antenna Reception

Figure 3-1 Connection of Single Antenna Reception

3.1.2 Two-Antenna Reception

Receive diversity includes multi-path diversity, multi-antenna diversity, and softer

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 10

handover. It makes no difference when a Rake receiver processes these types of

The following figure shows the mechanism of two-antenna receive diversity.

Figure 3-2 Mechanism of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity

Reflector RF Unit (RRU） Base Band Unit（BBU）

Two-Antenna receive diversity works on the following principles:

The Rake receiver mainly implements the following functions:

 Multi-path detection and assignment

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 11

Figure 3-3 shows the hardware connection of two-antenna receive diversity.

Figure 3-3 Connection of Two-Antenna Receive Diversity

The RRU transceiver (RTR) serves as a transceiver. PA refers to a power amplifier

ZTE Confidential Proprietary 12