DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TOWARDS FOOD

SECURITY AND AS THE LEADING SECTOR OF MADIUN REGENCY

ANORAGA JATAYU

A156180218

REGIONAL PLANNING SCIENCE

SOIL AND LAND RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

BOGOR AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY

2018
Development Strategy of Agricultural Sector towards Food Security and As the Leading
Sector of Madiun Regency
Introduction
Development of agriculture in the future will mostly based on leading commodities and
potential of each region. Each region has its own leading commodities, depending on the
resources they have. Food crops are strategic and attractive commodities in relation to the issue
of increasing production and guaranteed availability. Food needs continue to increase in line
with population growth. Limited land tenure is one of the obstacles to agricultural development.
The problem is caused by the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture, especially
paddy fields, and is not balanced with the opening of new land (paddy fields), and the
population continues to increase from year to year. According to Sudaryanto and Rusastra
(2006), the area of land tenure per farmer household continues to decline, which is caused by
the increase in population and the number of farmer households. Paddy fields have a greater
chance of being converted than plantation/dry land (Irawan, 2005). Limited land causes
competition in land use, both between commodities, between sub-sectors, and between sectors.
According to Irawan (2005), land use competition is caused by economic and social
phenomena, namely limited land resources, population growth, and the economy. The
limitations of agricultural land encourage the selection of leading commodities according to
the “Zona Agroekologi” (ZAE)/Agroecology Zone.
The selection of leading commodities according to the agroecological zone is intended
to reduce farming costs, increase farmer productivity and income. Leading commodities are
commodities that have competitiveness and have a significant comparative advantages, both in
the regional market itself, in other regions of the national level, as well as in the international
market. The development of commodities that have comparative advantages is a step towards
efficiency in agricultural development (Hendayana 2003). Djaenudin et al. (2002) point out
that the regional approach to agricultural commodities can overcome less productive land use
towards more productive land use with leading commodities. Syafruddin et al. (2004) revealed
that to build a strong, high productivity, efficient, highly competitive and sustainable
agriculture, it is necessary to restructure the agricultural system and determine the superior
commodities in each development area.
In the modern development era as it is now, the targets set out are very high for
agriculture sector to achieve food self-sufficiency. Decentralization of development that has
reached rural areas has certainly reduced the existing land area, even reducing potential
agricultural lands. This also applies in Madiun Regency, many rice fields are transformed into
settlement, business or industrial areas, and are reduced by the construction of toll road. The
lack of agricultural land will greatly affect the production and food security of a region,
therefore a concrete development strategy is absoulutely essential to carry out agricultural
development in the future.
Objectives
This study aims to:

• Identify the comparative and competitive advantage of agriculture sector and sub-
sectors in Madiun Regency
• Determining Land Availability and Suitability for Agricultural Use
• Developing the Strategy for Agricultural Sector and Sub-Sectors in Madiun Regency
The developed strategy will focus on main commodities in Madiun Regency, which is
Paddy and Ground Nut. The strategy will also take Madiun Regency’s unique cultural
characteristic into account so that those commodities could become the main commodities of
this region.

Methods
Area of Study
The study will be focused on Madiun Regency as can be seen in Fig 1. The area consist
of 15 sub-district namely Kebonsari, Geger, Dolopo, Dagangan, Wungu, Kare, Gemarang,
Saradan, Pilangkenceng, Mejayan, Wonoasri, Balerejo, Madiun, Sawahan, and Jiwan.
Fig 1. Administration Map of Madiun Regency
Study Framework and Analysis Method

The study will be carried out in 3 stages. The first one is to identify the comparative
and competitive advantage of agriculture sector and sub-sectors in Madiun Regency using LQ
(Location Quotient) Analysis and SSA (Shift Share Analysis). LQ analysis is used to identify
the comparative advantage of agriculture sector. The LQ analysis is divided into SLQ (Static
Location Quotient) and DLQ (Dynamic Location Quotient) which consider the sector growth
as one of the deciding factor (Hendayana, 2003). The formula for SLQ and DLQ are:

Where:
qi: Production value of sector i in a
Regency/Municipality
qr: Production value of all sector in a
Regency/Municipality
Qi: Production value of sector i in a Province/Nation
Qn: Production value of all sector in a
Province/Nation

Where:
gij: Production value of sector i in a
Regency/Municipality
gi: Production value of all sector in a
Regency/Municipality
Gi: Production value of sector i in a Province/Nation
G: Production value of all sector in a Province/Nation
t: amount of year

SSA Analysis isused to determine the competitive advantage of a sector/sub-sector,

with the criteria that if SSA value is positive, than it will have a competitive advantages.
Mathematically, SSA method could be formulated with the following formula (Rustiadi.
2011):

Where:
X..: Total value of all sector i in a a Province/Nation
Xi: Production value of sector i in a Province/Nation
Xij: Production value of sector i in a
Regency/Municipality
a: Regional Share component
b: Proportional Shift component
c: Differential Shift component

The second stage of this study is to determine the land availability and sustainability
for agricultural use. The second stage will use the population growth projection up to year 2030
to calculate the future needs and consumption of rice, as well as the need of agriculture land
(paddy field).
Kp = (Kb x yt) Klp = Kp/p
Where:
Kp: Rice consumption in a Region (ton)
Kb: Rice consumption per capita (Kg/capita/year)
yt: population size in year t
Klp: Agriculture land needs (Ha)
p:productivity (ton/ha)

Then, the land availability and suitability will be determined using overlay analysis on existing
land use data with spatial planning and land capability data.
The third stage of this study is the development strategy for agricultural sector and sub-
sector in Madiun Regency. The strategy will be focusing on Madiun’s main commodities,
which is rice and ground nuts. The strategy will be based on the needs of agricultural land, its
competitive and comparative advantages, and the cultural aspect of the region.
Result and Discussion
Land Characteristics

• Geography
Astronomically, Madiun Regency is located between 7o12’ – 7o-48’ North Latitude
and 111o25’ – 111o51’ East Longitude. In terms of geographic position, Madiun regency
has boundary as follows:
North : Bojonegoro Regency South : Ponorogo Regency
East : Nganjuk Regency West : Magetan and Ngawi Regency
Madiun Regency has 15 subdistrict. With Kare Subdistrict as the largest area in Madiun,
mostly consist of forest and hills, and sawahan as the smallest subdistrict mostly consist of
agricultural area.
• Topography and Slope
Madiun Regency have a fairly flat and wavy surface with the topography around 100-
500 meter above sea level. On south east area of Madiun Regency, the slope are getting
steeper following the increase of topography as that area is a mountainous area of Mount
Wilis.
Table 1. Topographycal Condition of Madiun Regency
Area Precentage
Topography
(Ha) (%)
0 - 100 meter 39293.37 35.14
100 - 500 meter 60730.92 54.32
500 - 1.000 meter 8343.48 7.46
1.000 - 1.500
2807.36 2.51
meter
1.500 - 2.000
574.73 0.51
meter
2.000 - 2.500
56.53 0.05
meter
Total 111806.39 100.00
Table 2. Slope of Madiun Regency
Slope Area (Ha) Precentage (%)
0-2% 40785.78 36.48
2-5% 21788.99 19.49
5 - 15 % 33953.74 30.37
15 - 40
% 13122.10 11.74
> 40 % 2155.78 1.93
Total 111806.39 100.00
 Fig 2. Topography Map of Madiun Regency

• Soil Type and Geology

Soil Type in Madiun Regency is dominated by mediteran and alluvial soil, with 63.23
and 19.76% of total area in Madiun Regency. Whereas, the geology/rock formation in
Madiun Regency is dominated by alluvium and plistosen rock with 59.86 and 22.45% of
total area in Madiun Regency. Alluvial soil is suited for paddy, palawija/secondary crops,
sugarcane, and fruits while Mediteran soil is suited for palawija/secondary crops, and
teakwood which is the main forestry commodities in Madiun Regency.
Table 3. Madiun Regency Soil Type
Soil Type Area (Ha) Precentage (%)
Aluvial 22089.86 19.76
Grumosol 4607.043 4.12
Mediteran 70695.69 63.23
Non cal 13124.24 11.74
Regosol 1289.552 1.15
Total 111806.4 100
 Table 4. Madiun Regency Geology
Geology Area (Ha) Precentage (%)
Tuf Plistosen 13054.83 11.68
Volcanic Plistosen 25103.56 22.45
Alluvium 66926.07 59.86
Holosen Lava 4148.08 3.71
Plio-Plistosen Sediment 419.6388 0.37
Plistosen Sediment 2154.212 1.93
Total 111806.4 100

Fig 3. Geology Map of Madiun Regency

• Land Use
Land use class in Madiun Regency is dominated by production forest and paddy field
with 36.04 and 28.78% of total area in Madiun Regency. This land use pattern indicates
that the main focus of development in Madiun Regency should be around the agriculture
and forestry sector. The main commodities for agriculture in Madiun Regency is paddy,
which scattered around the area. The main commodities of forestry in Madiun Regency is
teakwood forest in southeastern part of Madiun Regency.
Table 5. Madiun Regency Land Use
No Land Use Class Area (Ha) Precentage (%)
1 Protected Forest 5,799.07 5.19
2 Production Forest 40,289.56 36.04
3 Community Forest 6,518.10 5.83
4 Industrial 989.30 0.88
5 Conserved Area 18.48 0.02
6 Settlement 15,702.18 14.04
Agriculture (Paddy
7 32,181.68 28.78
Field)
8 Plantation/Field 10,308.02 9.22
Total 111,806.39 100.00

Fig 4. Land Use Map of Madiun Regency

• Agriculture Commodities
Food Crops (Paddy)
Madiun Regency is an area that is designated to be one of the center of food crops in
East Java, especially for rice commodities. In 2017, rice production in Madiun is ranked 9th
out of 38 Regency in East Java. In 2017, total harvest area for paddy in Madiun Regency
is 72604 Ha with rice production of 244153 ton and 5.60 ton/Ha productivity.
Table 5. Production, Productivity, and Harvest Area of Paddy in Madiun Regency
Subround 1 (Jan-Apr Subround 2 (May-Aug) Subround 3 (Sep-Dec)
Region Produ Produ Produ
Produ Harvest Produ Harvest Produ
Harvest ctivity ctivity ctivity
ction Area ction Area ction
Area (Ha) (Ton/ (Ton/ (Ton/
(Ton) (Ha) (Ton) (Ha) (Ton)
Ha) Ha) Ha)
212,11 181,89 524,28
Madiun 31,488 5.47 30,795 5.83 81,498 5.57
1 3 1
East 6,372,5 4,582,5 2,152,07 13,154,
1,018,490 5.27 796,461 5.52 5.13
Java 10 97 0 967

Secondary Crops
Unlike paddy, Madiun Regency isn’t designated to be central of palawija/secondary
crops production in East Java. Palawija is being cultivated as a secondary choice and
substitute of paddy when the geographical condition of that region isn’t suited to become a
paddy field. Palawija/secondary crops in Madiun Regency is maize, soybean, ground nuts,
cassava, and sweet potato.
Fig 5. Harvest Area of Secondary Crops Commodities
 Fig 6. Production of Secondary Crops Commodities

Agriculture as a Leading Sector with National Competitiveness

Competitive and comparative advantages of agriculture sector as well as its sub-sectors
is measured with LQ and SSA Analysis, where the production value of agriculture sector and
sub-sectors are compared in regional and national scale. LQ analysis that consist of SLQ and
DLQ calculate the comparative advantages as well as the growth potential of agriculture sector
as well as other sector in Madiun Regency. The result of LQ analysis are shown in Table 7.
Table 6. Regional GPD of Madiun Regency (in Million Rupiah)
Sector Growth
Industry 2015 2016 2017 2014- 2015- 2016-
2015 2016 2017
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 4,812,898.08 5,071,565.34 5,193,231.16 2.64 2.55 1.27
Mining and Quarrying 144,714.86 156,748.85 168,427.78 1.18 4.05 5.35
Manufacturing Industry 1,358,271.58 1,500,509.94 1,663,076.00 6.43 6.05 7.69
Electricity and Gas 12,333.88 13,213.39 15,257.82 1.84 2.47 4.10
Water Supply, Waste Management
21,100.11 23,258.63 25,066.75 4.53 5.02 5.86
and Remediation Activities
Construction 1,641,782.66 1,875,262.21 2,121,269.00 5.98 7.11 10.19
Wholesale and Retail Trade 2,094,302.36 2,381,908.99 2,647,440.25 6.84 6.84 7.29
Transportation and Storage 217,549.39 243,790.60 273,538.59 8.13 6.58 7.64
Accommodation and Food
297,178.43 343,509.16 385,858.16 7.52 8.70 8.76
Services Activities
Information and Communication 880,901.01 973,657.06 1,064,849.20 8.69 7.63 7.31
Financial and Insurance Activities 361,934.90 402,647.77 444,342.78 7.16 7.32 7.00
Real Estate Activities 226,419.76 247,157.88 272,176.45 6.24 6.17 7.21
Business Activities 46,133.04 50,968.96 55,851.11 7.38 5.53 5.76
Public Administration and Defense 797,994.83 879,025.36 932,518.21 4.89 4.20 2.23
Education 566,184.00 610,503.78 664,239.23 6.40 5.96 6.04
Human Health and Social Work
109,932.82 117,968.58 128,472.15 6.09 5.81 5.33
Activities
Other Services Activities 312,822.26 335,252.28 362,103.48 4.76 4.81 6.05
Regional Gross Domestic
13,902,453.97 15,226,948.78 16,417,718.12 5.26 5.27 5.42
Product
 Table 7. LQ Analysis result on every sector in Madiun Regency
Industry SLQ DLQ
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 2.47 1.48
Mining and Quarrying 0.26 0.43
Manufacturing Industry 0.35 2.22
Electricity and Gas 0.28 2.93
Water Supply, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 1.66 0.79
Construction 1.32 2.87
Wholesale and Retail Trade 0.89 1.51
Transportation and Storage 0.49 1.48
Accommodation and Food Services Activities 0.41 1.33
Information and Communication 1.41 1.17
Financial and Insurance Activities 0.99 12.75
Real Estate Activities 1.04 4.74
Business Activities 0.42 1.13
Public Administration and Defense 2.51 1.02
Education 1.54 2.85
Human Health and Social Work Activities 1.25 0.99
Other Services Activities 1.63 2.18

Table 8. SLQ and DLQ quadrant of comparative advantages

Criteria SLQ>1 SLQ<1
Construction Manufacturing Industry
Information and Communication Electricity and Gas
Real Estate Activities Wholesale and Retail Trade
Public Administration and Defense Transportation and Storage
DLQ>1 Accommodation and Food Services
Education
Activities
Human Health and Social Work
Financial and Insurance Activities
Activities
Other Services Activities
Business Activities
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
Water Supply, Waste Management and
DLQ<1 Mining and Quarrying
Remediation Activities

Based on the LQ analysis, every sector in Madiun Regency will be divided into 4
categories based on its SLQ and DLQ value. The categorization on each sector based on its
SLQ and DLQ value are:

• SLQ >1 ; DLQ >1 (Leading Sector)

Construction, Information and Communication, Real Estate Activities, Public
Administration and Defense, Education, Human Health and Social Work activities,
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
• SLQ>1 ; DLQ<1 (Current Main Sector)
Water Supply and Waste Management
• SLQ<1 ; DLQ>1 (Prospective Sector
 Manufacturing Industry, Electricity and Gas, Wholesale and Retail, Food Services,
Financial and Insurance
• SLQ<1 ; DLQ<1 (Falling Sector)
Mining and Quarrying

Table 9. Regional GDP of Agriculture Sub-Sectors (In Million Rupiah)

Sub-Sector Growth
Agriculture, Forestry, and
2015 2016 2017 2014- 2015- 2016-
Fishing
2015 2016 2017
Food Crops 2,612,371.18 2,577,994.61 2,729,776.88 2.21 3.4 0.27
Horticultural Crops 32,864.00 39,416.26 41,687.09 2.87 4.84 2.11
Plantation Crops 304,116.00 314,930.01 321,928.54 0.93 1.34 0.02
Livestock 322,563.37 352,126.54 362,928.52 5.72 4.68 1.03
Agriculture Services and
185,595.00 197,407.39 204,871.46 2.95 2.27 2.41
Hunting
Forestry and Logging 441,800.69 425,737.52 469,379.96 4.51 5.19 7.3
Fishery 118,784.06 129,782.27 141,170.67 2.74 5.08 4.01
Total 4,018,094.30 4,037,394.60 4,271,743.12 3.13 0.48 5.49

Table 10. LQ Analysis Result of Agriculture Sub-Sector

Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing SLQ DLQ

Food Crops 2.10 1.24
Horticultural Crops 0.11 1.85
Plantation Crops 0.52 0.30
Livestock 0.40 0.29
Agriculture Services and Hunting 4.31 0.91
Forestry and Logging 2.84 0.70
Fishery 0.17 0.59

Based on the LQ analysis, every sector in Madiun Regency will be divided into 4 categories
based on its SLQ and DLQ value. The categorization on each sector based on its SLQ and DLQ
value are:
• SLQ >1 ; DLQ >1 (Leading Sector)
Food Crops
• SLQ>1 ; DLQ<1 (Current Main Sector)
Agriculture Services and Hunting, Forestry and Logging
• SLQ<1 ; DLQ>1 (Prospective Sector
Horticultural Crops
• SLQ<1 ; DLQ<1 (Falling Sector)
Plantation Crops, Livestock, Fishery

While LQ analysis measure comparative advantages, SSA analysis measure a

commodities competitiveness and its growth potential. SSA analysis was done on agriculture
sub-sectors which consist of: Food Crops, Horticultural Crops, Plantation Crops, Livestock,
Agriculture Services and Hunting, Forestry and Logging, and Fishery. The result of SSA
analysis are shown in Table 11 and 12.
Table 11. SSA Analysis Result on Agriculture Sub-Sector

Agriculture Sub-Sectors SSA Value

Food Crops 0.045
Horticultural Crops 0.268
Plantation Crops 0.059
Livestock -0.125
Agriculture Services and Hunting -0.104
Forestry and Logging -0.062
Fishery -0.188

Table 12. SSA Analysis Quadrant

KRITERIA Differential Shift (+) Differential Shift (-)

(2)
Proportional (1) Livestock
Shift (+) Food Crops Agriculture Services and Hunting
Horticultural Crops Fishery

Proportional (3) (4)

Shift (-) Plantation Crops Forestry and Logging

SSA value of Agriculture sub-sectors in Madiun Regency that have a positive value,
means that those sub-sector will have a competitive advantages. Based on the SSA quadrant,
those quadrant can be interpreted as:
• 1st quadrant: Fast growing on a national scale, have a strong competitive advantages
• 2nd quadrant: Slow growing on a national scale, have a decent competitive advantages
• 3rd quadrant: Fast growing on a national scale, have a small competitive advantages
• 4th quadrant: Slow growing/stagnant, did not have a competitive advantages.

Population Growth and Increasing Needs for Agriculture Land

Population growth is the main reason behind the increasing need of food which will be
impacting the increase needs for agriculture land. The population growth and agriculture land
needs will be projected until the year of 2030. The population growth projection is calculated
using the geometric formula:
 Where:
Pn: Population on n year
Po: Population on early year
r: Population growth rate
n: Total year of projection

Table 13. Population Growth in Madiun Regency

Population Population Growth (%)
Subdistrict
2015 2016 2017 2030 2015-2016 2016-2017
Kebonsari 51,975.00 52,405.00 52,719.00 57,783 0.82 0.60
Geger 58,331.00 58,998.00 59,392.00 66,702 1.13 0.66
Dolopo 52,186.00 52,138.00 52,289.00 52,961 -0.09 0.29
Dagangan 44,987.00 44,769.00 44,863.00 44,060 -0.49 0.21
Wungu 55,611.00 56,795.00 57,367.00 69,983 2.08 1.00
Kare 29,981.00 29,452.00 29,442.00 26,125 -1.80 -0.03
Gemarang 31,423.00 31,234.00 31,338.00 30,785 -0.61 0.33
Saradan 61,341.00 64,603.00 64,424.00 87,530 1.05 -0.28
Pilangkenceng 50,576.00 49,977.00 49,944.00 45,990 -1.20 -0.07
Mejayan 42,487.00 42,476.00 42,641.00 43,652 -0.03 0.39
Wonoasri 31,872.00 31,399.00 31,408.00 28,521 -1.51 0.03
Balerejo 41,386.00 40,731.00 40,680.00 36,327 -1.61 -0.13
Madiun 37,463.00 37,456.00 37,622.00 38,668 -0.02 0.44
Sawahan 24,277.00 23,999.00 24,073.00 22,774 -1.16 0.31
Jiwan 57,080.00 57,556.00 57,885.00 63,360 0.83 0.57
Total 670,976.00 673,988.00 676,087.00 710,136 0.45 0.31

Over the course of 13 years up to 2030, the population of Madiun Regency is expected
to grow up to 34,049 person which is around 5.04% from the total population. The Subdistrict
with highest population growth is Wungu Subdistrict with around 1.5% of annual growth while
the subdistrict with lowest growth are Kare district, which growth rate are -1.8%.
The ever increasing population growth might someday be able to threaten the food
security of Madiun Regency. The increase of population will greatly affect the increasing needs
of food, in which on this study the increasing needs of food are only calculated at the increasing
needs and consumption of rice due to lack of data on other commodities. Result of the
projection of the needs of rice and the needs of agricultural land in 2030 are presented in Table
14.

Table 14. Projection on the Needs of Agricultural Land

Rice Consumption Agroindustri Government The Needs

per Capita Consumption Stock (10% of
Year Population
(115,58/ton/year/ (25% Total Total Agriculture
person) Consumption) Consumption) Land (Ha)

2015 670,976 77551.41 19387.85 7755.14 18695.43

2016 673,988 77899.53 19474.88 7789.95 18779.35
 2024 694,217 80237.60 20059.40 8023.76 19342.99
2025 696,846 80541.46 20135.36 8054.14 19416.24
2026 699,485 80846.48 20211.62 8084.64 19489.78
2027 702,134 81152.65 20288.16 8115.26 19563.58
2028 704,793 81459.97 20364.99 8145.99 19637.67
2029 707,462 81768.46 20442.11 8176.84 19712.04
2030 710,142 82078.21 20519.55 8207.82 19786.71

The future needs of agriculture land in 2030 is 19786 Hectare which increased by 5.84%
from 2017. Judging by the existing landuse of Madiun Regency in 2018, the agriculture
land/paddy field area is 32181 Ha. The existing agricultural land is still higher than the needs
of agricultural land in Madiun Regency, which means that Madiun Regency will be able to
support another region to supply their needs of food and become the center of food crops in
East Java.

Land Availability and Suitability for Agriculture

Land availability for agriculture can be calculated by analyzing its landuse change to
determine the trend of changes and analyzing the land capability of Madiun Regency to
determine the suitability of agriculture land use. Land use cover changes analysis in Madiun
Regency are carried out using overlay method on ArcGIS with the input of landuse data from
2010 up to 2018 with the following result.
Table 15. LUCC in Madiun Regency
Landuse 2010 Landuse 2018 Area (Ha) Precentage (%)
Protected Forest Production Forest 183.75 0.93
Settlement Industrial 84.04 0.43
Agriculture (Paddy
Field) Industrial 898.86 4.56
Plantation/Field Industrial 64.02 0.33
Production Forest Settlement 4,777.26 24.25
Agriculture (Paddy
Field) Settlement 6,490.08 32.95
Plantation/Field Settlement 1,612.69 8.19
Agriculture (Paddy
Field) Plantation/Field 5,587.15 28.36
Total 19,697.84 100.00
 Fig 7. Land Use Cover Changes Map of Madiun Regency

Trend of land use change in Madiun Regency is the conversion of Production Forest
and Agriculture area to become settlement area, and Agriculture area towards Plantation/Dry
Field. Those changes are the majority of changes in Madiun Regency which totals around 78%
of the changes in Madiun Regency.
Suitability of land use can be seen from its land capability. The better the land capability
of that area, there will be wider option/choice of suitable land use to be developed on that area.
Land Capability Classification is divided onto 8 classes, as shown on Table 16.
Table 16. Land Capability Classification
Intensity and Variety of Land Use Class
Land Capability Livestock Farm Agriculture
Wildlife
Class Forest Very
sanctuary Limited Medium Intensive Limited Medium Intensive
Intensive
Limiting I
Factor II
Increase. III
Thus the IV
choice V
of land VI
use VII
decrease
VIII
 Table 17. Land Capability of Madiun Regency
Land Capability Area
No Land Capability
Class (Ha)
Medium High Development
1 II, III 50993.05
Capability
2 Medium Development Capability IV, V 54017.45
3 Low Development Capability VI, VII, VIII 6795.884
Total 111806.4
Table 18. Existing Land Use Suitability of Madiun Regency
Area
Land Capability Land Use
(Ha)
Protected Forest 1229.373
Production Forest 9817.761
Community Forest 4.460293
Medium High
Industrial 968.4149
Development
Capability Settlement 10942.16
Agriculture (Paddy
24631.74
Field)
Plantation/Field 2350.868
Protected Forest 2464.584
Production Forest 28635.69
Medium Community Forest 5261.042
Development Settlement 4273.066
Capability Agriculture (Paddy
5802.601
Field)
Plantation/Field 7256.182
Protected Forest 1788.403
Production Forest 495.5487
Community Forest 1228.275
Low Development Conserved Area 14.39507
Capability Settlement 57.34182
Agriculture (Paddy
672.7923
Field)
Plantation/Field 440.1253
Total 108334.8

The suitable land capability class for agriculture is medium high development cabaility,
which means it is class I up to III of land capability class. Land suitability for agriculture based
on Land Capability in Madiun Regency are 76.54% suitable (on medium high development
capability), 18.03% on medium high development capability and 5.43% on low development
capability which are not suitable for agriculture area.
 Fig 8. Land Capability Map of Madiun Regency

Agriculture Sector Potential in Madiun Regency

Rice/paddy is the biggest agricultural commodity in Madiun Regency, which is in line
with the East Java spatial planning that put Madiun Regency as the center of paddy production
area. Almost every sub-district in Madiun Regency become a rice producing area. Balerejo
sub-district become the leading area on rice production with the largest harvesting area of
10849 Ha. Followed by Saradan, Pilangkenceng, Kebonsari, and Wungi sub-district which has
the harvesting area above 6000 Ha.
Fig 9. Production Paddy in Each Sub-District
 In addition to rice, palawija/secondary crops are agricultural crops with production
numbers and harvested area having a significant influence in East Java. The total harvested
area of palawija/secondary crops is 4542 Ha, ranked 16 out of 38 regencies / cities in East Java,
and the total 8643 tons of production is ranked 14 of all regencies in East Java. The total
harvested areas of palawija/secondary crops is supported by 13 sub-districts that cultivate
secondary crops. Pilangkenceng and Jiwan Subdistricts are the largest palawija producing
regions with harvested area reaching 1911 ha and 1115 ha.
Fig 10. Production Secondary Crops in Each Sub-District

Development Strategy for Agricultural Sector and Sub-Sectors as Leading Sector in

Madiun Regency
The strategy development for agriculture sector and sub-sectors in Madiun Regency is
conducted by considering the result of LQ and SSA Analysis, Projection analysis on the needs
of agriculture land, and land suitability analysis. The strategy also have to involve every
stakeholder in Madiun Regency. The development strategy for strategy for agricultural sector
and sub-sectors as leading sector in Madiun Regency are:

• The LP2B (Lahan Pertanian Berkelanjutan) Policy must be immediately implemented

on Madiun Regency spatial planning. The LP2B planning should consider the needs of
agricultural land on Madiun Regency. LP2B is a policy to protect the agricultural area
as a conserved area that needs to be maintained to support the local food security.
• Paddy and ground nuts as the main commodities of Madiun Regency must be able to
become one of the main identity of this region. Paddy and ground nuts are also the main
ingredient of Madiun’s local cuisine “Nasi Pecel”. The existence of Nasi Pecel could
also strengthen the branding of paddy and ground nuts as the leading commodities in
Madiun Regency.
• The existing paddy field area on Madiun Regency will still be sufficient to supply the
local and regional area. Therefore, the quality of paddy in Madiun Regency should be
increased so that the paddy commodities from Madiun Regency will become an export
commodities.
 • Through UPSUS (Upaya Khusus/Special Effort) on self-sufficiency in food, the
government targets food sovereignty by achieving food self-sufficiency. The
government's effort to deal with these targets is to increase planting area and
productivity. Some UPSUS programs that have been implemented to increase planting
area and productivity include repair of irrigation networks, fertilizer assistance, tractors
and farmer consultant assistance.

Conclusion
The conclusion of this study are:
1. Based on LQ and SSA analysis, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing sector are the
leading sector of Madiun Regency while the food crops sub-sector are the only one of
the Agriculture sub-sector that are the leading sector of Madiun Regency.
2. In year 2030, the population of Madiun Regency will reach 710,136 people. The
increase of population will greatly affect the increasing needs of agricultural land. The
needs of Agriculture land in 2030 is around 19786.71 hectare, having 5.84% increase.
3. The existing paddy field area on Madiun Regency is still sufficient to supply Madiun’s
own need of rice, as the existing area of paddy field are 32,181.68 Hectare.
4. Land suitability for agriculture based on Land Capability in Madiun Regency are
76.54% suitable (on medium high development capability), 18.03% on medium high
development capability and 5.43% on low development capability which are not
suitable for agriculture area.
5. The strategy to develop agriculture sector and sub-sectors are: 1. Implementation of
LP2B policy into Madiun Regency spatial planning, 2. Branding of paddy and ground
nuts commodities along with the exsistence of Nasi Pecel, 3. Increasing the quality of
paddy in Madiun Regency with the goals on making paddy commodities to become
export commodities.
References
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Madiun. 2018. Kabupaten Madiun Dalam Angka 2018.
Kabupaten Madiun.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Madiun. 2018. Profil Pertanian Kabupaten Madiun
Tahun 2018. Kabupaten Madiun.
[Bappeda] Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Madiun. 2013. Rencana
Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kabupaten Madiun Tahun 2013-2033. Kabupaten Madiun.
[Bappeda] Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Madiun. 2014. Rencana
Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Madiun Tahun 2014-2019.
Kabupaten Madiun.
Djaenudin, D., Y. Sulaeman, dan A. Abdurachman. 2002. Pendekatan Pewilayahan Komoditas
Pertanian menurut Pedo-Agroklimat di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian
21(1):1-10.
Hendayana, R. 2003. Aplikasi Metode Location Quotient (LQ) Dalam Penentuan Komoditas
Unggulan Nasional. Jurnal Informatika Pertanian 12:658-675.
Irawan, B. 2005. Konversi Lahan Sawah: Potensi Dampak, Pola Pemanfaatannya, dan Faktor
Determinan. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi 23(1):1-18.
Hardjowigeno, S., Widiatmaka. 2007. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan & Perencanaan Tataguna
Lahan. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Rustiadi, E., S. Saefulhakim, dan D.R. Panuju. 2011. Perencanaan dan Pengembangan
Wilayah. Crestpent Press dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta.
Saptana. 2008. Keunggulan Komparatif-Kompetitif dan Strategi Kemitraan. Jurnal Soca
(Socio-Economic of Agriculturre and Agribusiness). 8(2):10-26.
Sudaryanto, T. dan I.W. Rusastra. 2006. Kebijakan Strategis Usaha Pertanian Dalam Rangka
Peningkatan Produksi dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 25(4):115-122.
Syafruddin, A.N. Kairupan, A. Negara, dan J. Limbongan. 2004. Penataan Sistem Pertanian
dan Penetapan Komoditas Unggulan Berdasarkan Zona Agroekologi di Sulawesi Tengah.
Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 23(2):61-67.