CHAPTER A 12

" i33
ADJECTIVES
1. WHAT IS AN ADJECTIVE ?
qFl3ll Parts of Speech eFll<t{5l{ adjective slrs {c{ sl ffiC{R I qq-ci'
i5{s adjective-.{< frq 1RET GtT 6\eRI {lS I fi66j 31-ai erqt fl-s;
He is a good boy. His conduct (qF-{"f) is not bad.
He gave me five taka. Go to the next door.
He is the first boy in the class. She gave me much money.
E"tt<-< <f+ierqfcs qt-t<-< (bold) worderEl c4f{, q"l, rqlTl, {R11"1,
ottt
GT ffi$RT ftfrtr noun s pronouncs ffi s-<[R I q erElcs adjective
<cE rs.r{cdl
Definition : The parts of speech that modifies a noun or a pronoun
in a sentence is called the adjective.
(Noun Rf pronoun-6s <lc$I{ rl-cqt 6{ word ffi Tt-< slrs adjective
<rE t)
TWO USES OF ADJECTIVE
(Adiective-(F nt esl-{ <K{<)
(a) Attribuiive use
(b) Predicative use
(a) Attributive use r Fdj. + Nofil-qqr{ adjective-€K <I{{Er ErE,
9d19, adlective 6SF noun-q< qft't<'c{ qr+ qualify (ffi1 S-{rE s{q
El3l attributive use {-{ I ({:I;{ S
He is a good boir.
Adj. Noun
€ellf{ good€R fu'qE boy 4i q+F eq q-rFt s-{t I good q{lr{
boy-G1
fO qrq TrC C{ $lq Wil$ TCiCR r TvTt(. e{CT good adjective-fr aftributively
used R(ITR I

{(q Gq, attribute TfF 'ql-cilef s-fl," <l 6-ql{ ftg-c<T-{ C<T<[, ?<ftB,
cnF-qdt a*565 S"r< fi"tffi r

(b) Predicative use Noun+...+Adj.: <]"lds q5E', qdlq

-lCslr<
noun-€K {fd <'6{ Tfr adjective-elf$ qualify SC{ vRfq' adjective-4i
 Grammar : Adjectives I41
predicative use {31 | q{fsl-C< <EKE adjective Rfi subject-4K predicate
CtlCE,
KI'l Stq $'C{ & subject 6S qualify 4TT E{{ slit predicative use {n I GsFT 3
She is beauti ful Shila is intelligent
-Aaj- Noun- -Tai-
Prorr.
E-sT <11-$it adjective fiq fiq subject rs (She, Shila) qualify +(Tcq q<( q
Flq SCtrCq predicate-€l 9-<=tCT 6rf55 1 {<l(u "iKq fr5ltl beauti{ul she Kl
intelligent Shila-c$ @ql q{fr r {ro<Ti {<rrrc-q {3IQ 6d1s.11r.-.!n ,44 ER use
q<
E'CtS', tcf$i ft I

{fi predicative use ET E{{ {I'(t{"ls & adjective CS TfE

Adjective-4i
complement. Q{ adjective 13tr, noun-€ C{ complement ft$'C< <i{qg q{ q$all
Csl{.fiqktt Cg164.q I

lExrnclsrl frrF-{ Eivfr <r+lr cflil. qrm-{ (bold) wordfr eFF

sl{' "ilr-t c8s q.atr{ ftolumn)({)fie frc{ cst-{tr{ 6$l{ {itrl-.l
adjeciive. use
<s'csqfrcftl$'< r

Attributive l'redlcailve
1. Man is mortal (T{{ql{) .

2. He carried a heavy box .

3. Paper is thin ("nsa) .

4. She wore (lnQn) a black shirt

5. It is a hard task.

II. CLASSES OF ADJECTruES

(Adjective-€K efoKcsq)
Q{Fs s Dl-< efd-{ I {efi 3
Adjective
A. Adjective of quality (effits fus"t) or Descriptive idjective
G1eT5s Rc"tq"t)
B. Adjective of quantity ({fu"ls.|"f$ fuSq) or Quantitive Adjecive
C. Adjective of number (cS"BI <lEs frr"R"l) or Numeral adjective.
D. Pronominal adjective (q{{ffiW frr{<"t)
III. ELABORATE DISCUSSION
G-eif$o wrmb-dl)
A. Adjective of Quality
A. Adjective of Quality (t*qtET fu{"t) s ,sA efsf< adjective f,sl-{
(l pronoun {;tr s6l, frFI, qTqt ({I "ifuq W-<l frffi qT) ef$Ft FtK l c{5F{ 3
noun
ect- She is a good girl. Biva is a beautiful girl.
The tiger is very strong.
mF- I am weak today. The crorv looks ugly. (gsfiE).
You are a bad boy.
 I42 A Passage to the English Language
v.{.{l- This is a horizontal (qffEfr-s)line (C<{l).
(mqF con qrql{ q(a q SNre r)
plain (qIsE) land. (gFa q<-t T<fre r)
Bangladesh is a
.
Proper adjective fi$-< hqT"ferE.| 1g
He married an American lady.
He is an Iranian boy.
<f$iqtrc American €{( Iranian fi Efb {fl adjective. ftq efq< EU<
lTFcR Em proper noun Cel6$ IEil qq {'cff@C{ America (it( Iran. € S'Cel proper
- i;it,
noun Cclfs s?F csJq adjective tt6s q{ E{{ Ef6s TCq proper adjective.
Proper adjective-dB( qei:r q5ffi:T{tf{-{ CAPITAL LETTER Ca
::r:i;
I

t"tf<< EqRTq American €{( Iranian RF proper adjective. propi)r

adjective-6$€ SS efsk adjective of quality <'CE tl=il R.a I

EXERCISEI We went to the British Council-{6'€l proper adjective

sTrqftr e5€q co|{F (ir( 6€{?

B. Adjective of quantity
B. Adjective of quantity ('iR{l"f u.|aE fr6r1-qq) t ,cA {<-rl<
adjective mF ({I{'kqs material € abstract noun-q3 C5-6E) frq-{ qft'fiq
(Quantity)firdti Tr< I m,IFI g
much--{E{- I need much money.
a litrle-qFlr{t- There is a little milk in the glass.
whole-qT?-{I- The whole (C{s) class laughed out (CEIC
Bbq r)
sorne-laR- Give me some salt.
no- C$FIi!tr- I have no pens. (9Ftrk 6afa a-ql ctt 1)

none-q$Fe 4l- Do you have any books of poetry (sfuT

<?x No, I have none(= no+one).
enough-dls, TccE- There was not enough rain last year.
icient-{c4?, "F{lg-
suf f Babies need sufficient milk.
all--I:ls* The cat drank off all the milk (I-<Qg Uor.
ha[-qc(c- Half a loaf (=half of a loaf) is better than no
loaf. tqfifr r

NoTE. qV
frrx<toift
There is no water in the mug.
4{IC{ no CE qTF descriptive adjective. No-4K ef-{ €SF noun(water)
<j<-ds qcTA t frq noun fr sfr Er{(} cllf$ q-qF' no (K {6{ none TC{ I frrFI B
Do you have any such (4<-+'{ f$l{) dress? No, I have none (:no such
dress).
 Grammar : Adjectives 143

EXERCISfl 4FF word ffi"lRl{I adjective of quantity {['t <i?rd\5 q{ I

q[q-{ sRtt[5F sentence ?sft e-< t

C. Numeral adjective
(qiqrrqu-+ RH{"f)
fr66-sqraism ns
They have three goats. She lives in the second room.
Many men came to the meeting.
E"rr<-< <lTlqrqks three (ffi), second (ft€'{), many (q54E;-
adjective effl {elf4fT goats, room, s men-€R noun QC{13[ Ci?fi {<[rDS
(.T5FI S-{, flRqlq, CqF[, sci, q-{qt-qiK T{ t) I qscEl3t qlc?I c$t{ c] GFFI number
(c$il) q&s, tr{i's
three -+ 3
, second
-+ 2
-+ 100, <l 200 (vfiffi)
many
qW(qi 4fiTcs T[al numeral adjective. vf<E <EI <l{ 3 c{ adjective 6fF
noun €i[ frffi ci"lTl, @'{, "dF ffi {<|lT ElriF numeral adjective TFT r

Types of numeral adjective

(numeral adjective-€i efsliKsq)
frn 4q3 , u.,^t "
Nurneral Adjective
Cardinal numeral adjective : One (1), two (2), three(3), eighty
(a)
(80)twfifr'c(3lt qE cardinal c({i I qQ csm {?F adjective Kc'l <Frqs ET
9"Ft trEqlfcs T6{ cardinal numeral adjective. 6{:FI 3

I have four geese (<fsrq(fi).

You bought seven birds.
(b) Ordinal numeral adjective : First (one-l-rl), second (two__{li),
third (three-4Ttr), fourth (four-{'{) ffi qC?m s(4lc-s TF ordinal number.
q$ rsl-{ order il $fl <l q'q {Gs St-< I qt T{ C(?ft{qq adjective RqTK
<I.I'qE q{ E?F Ef(qlffs {6{ ordinal numeral adjective. CT:i;l 3
Keep it in the second (ll) box.
She is my uncle'c tenth (qrF) chiH 1q's'f{;.
NOTE. fr6F cardinal € ordinal number 4< :l-c{i {aFsi q?gTr< 6Tf<n<
q-{ s[T-fffi cardinal number-cts ordinal number hsR +'m fiqf{ qE I

Uardinal L)rdinal
one (c+) first (Qrlr)
tlvo (nR) second GqT)
three (ft1) third (Yq-s)
four (DI<) fourth (t-rnd;
five ({lu) fifth (etftr)
etc. elc.
 t44 A Passage to the English Language
NOTE. ordinal numeral adjective-4i glCrt the <Kq\5 q{ I qdts
the+Ordinal Numeral Adj+Noun
C{:F{ 3 He lives in the second room or compartment.
(c) Multiplicative numeral adjective (ecff<ltf$ C(?BI-{-F-S frc-il"f)
frrE{Bhlq<"t.}rf,l "tv s
Cardinal Ordinal Multiplicative
one (c+) -+ first (QQI) -+ single (qs-s)
two ({Q) -+ second 1frftt) -+ double (fre{)
"l*t three (ft1) -+ third (Yfr{) -+ threefold ro treble (&{e.l)
:L, qqr{ coFT adjective <ft con c("rR ss eq qfr1T{lT{ \51{"E \5R-s <re
multiplicative numeral adjective. fr65 cardinal number C<ltrF multiplicative
number rtbq <tr< E6+ m{l;t qq s

Cardinal Multiplicative
One (€n single (4o-+)
two (?t) twofold, double (freq, ftR<)
three (ft1) thredfold, treble, triple 1frR<, ftru"t;
four (El;t) fourfold,quadruple (DFN'I, uqftq)
five ({F) fivefold idiue"t;
CIqTqgIK 3

muitiplicative--) Cardinal +fold

NOTE : Definite numeral adjective fiffi lgn-cfu+ Rr.fs"f) s Gflcs{
cardinal, ordinal, € multiplicative numeral adjective
-afqt 66;a frffi C(?[1
<t
frffi ol <l frffi eq dilT <rq €(h-{cn definite numeral adjective T6{ r

Indefinite Numeral Adjective : (vfrffiq 6l'is c(?iTI <IE-s frcq<"t)

All, some, many, enough, several (4I{-s), few (Fcl+), several-{R
65C{ ?F-{, sundry (frR{), no-ffi numeral adjective e(4l n{;{ noun-4i
frffi qSqI qTFI<5(< 4t v{{ Efcq-{rs indefinite numeral adjective {f{ I

qrEf T3[, all, some, enough tsIlfrrs ql{-fi quantitative adjeciive {Iete
q< qftri grqQ I 4rla cqtq-m< {cq E* qtrlcs 1lr{, G'{-{; all{fi quantitative
s?F €fr ft frr{{ s-c< q<(R{{ numeral, v?n qF ft frtri.ts-r< | q<R Elqcq
"ndqF on:t r

All (RI q{i Adj) + Uncountable Noun

qslr< <FrqE qrE C4Tq'rq ail R{ quantitative (1fu{ Et"fS) adjective,
q9FITCS
Ail (Kl q-{I Adj)+ Countable Noun
qs.?C'l <r:lqe <E CTCSfq ail (<t Wl Adj) qq numeral adjeciive
 Grammar : Adjectives 745

csFlxq-{ {r{ $frc{ fi-TF q-{t q{|r{'€ T4l {(q. R, rl qfi s3l slT 4 el vqi
$46 qfutq fi{-q +Tl c{cs qNrs <cE uncountable noun, €{(
6Tq "flc< sf<
sel-{efcq' sl rt6l;l} s-<t {l{ q{ 4qrs i'6{ couniable noun. 9]3[ sl
tt"t{ T<t slR ;Tl
st3t C(1TI { nurnber e[+1 Cs{ al r iolR all +uncountable-€9f,{ <l{ds qCE

all 6s numeral adjective {[ <'6E quantitative adjective <4fo qC-< I

exEnclsEi Give me some salt- RT[-s] some numerai

adjective;l{ af,{ \5l Eq-qaq qR <llrBl s.< t

..li'"i

fr5i;{ s All the boys were playing.

Ycu will {ind it in manY books.
\rrl<1*1 f{15< <fslqrEl 1V I q?fl-6{ adjective erEl definite numerai
adjective.
Ten girls were gossiping (tfiEuffl aKQ-q) there.
- We have six cows.
ftE q? definite numeral adjective sfql{ qlcrl about (ffi), nearly (ffi),
some (Olblqft q1r1fdl S'fl q1 C<Ft) <frc.g snq<cn inde{inite numeral adjective-
,! "iR$5 4$ q-q I c{:FI 3 About all the boys were playing. They had some
six cows.

D. PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVE
({,{qwp frrlvt;
ficu-<aorernt "tv r

'fhis is a book. That is a dog.

{lsl q'fldfq this re that {{ pronoun. SFKEI GFI{ pronoun?
---<iemoristrative pronoun. ftE frcu< <fqi qfr @ r

This book is mlne,

Noun
That d cg is nrad.
Noun
{?ll(4 This/ that + Noun qsel <t{qs qcircq I qlr-tf{ <]_s] qTb[s this/that
ffi "t-< rsf{ noun {.l:}IB ' frq .{Q 4K'f E c?nE this,/t}iat cfF noun-(?F
ftr'r<.slc< frfb.g s"e< firq. r selEl '€rllCq a.djective.
qrSq{. (s-14 pronoutr 4{{ nor-rn '4< qlctf {C{ arijective qa of$ aT{ \5?i{
'g"ffi pyonominal adjecl,ive T(e{ I pronoun celrs qffiq {c{ 4{i adjective €3
€<\+lTls I

qr;| Tlrlf,{ pronoun 'ef{| rqRlfr KIESE {{ r f}q q'$rEl {rl4 adjective '43
41q ry1{ sC< \5"]q ,{{i rioun r{i gTCi Rffi i

APl-EL_---10
 746 A Passage to the English Language

I
EXERCTSEICITET qsrtr{ (b.[)
sallc\ (Colum") ({)EE
EI*"t <r{ I qa6 Et BqTqfft Rcrym n'm cq-{t qE
_5enienA- I

Pronoun rronominal
Adjective
iualV are called but tew are chosen.
(<l'RT{ sr< 6fit S{) I

2. Many boys said this.

3. What do you want?
4. What news. (c(fi) have you brought?
5. Any girl is beautiful.
ir,i 6. Any of the girls is beautiful.
'i: 7. I see there are seven men in the
meeting; which is your uncle?
a. Which pen do you want?
9. Each boy went there.
10. Each of the boys went there.
11. These are foreign (FriET-foqft) goods
(ql{rc).
12. These goods have come from Russia.

Classes of pronominal Adjectives

(Proniminal Adjcetive_€( c{ftftdrt)
c{6{E* pronoun frftn
{$IK< firqq qrh3 TIT sr{a16 pronominal
adjective-qi 4lT$<q S-{t q{ r frCo Srq.-< C"rS qIrqF-il T-{t qE s
(a) Dernonstrative Adjective :
Demonstrative Pronoun + NoLrn <''{qs {eq .? pronoun eC{I
E{{ -cn-."]r{
demonstrative adjective q< s'lq q-6 1 146pL3 qf C{f$ <fi"ffi *tE qC< r

Demonstrative
Fronoun
This this + I\,loun I know this man
That that+ Noun I saw that man yesterday.
These these+.Noun She bought thesethings.
(pl.)
Those those+Noun Those frogs are croaking

(bold) word e6{l distributive pronoun

 Gramrnar : Adjectives 747

Each of them (ulchll el:rc-fT) went there.

There are two pens here; You can take either (G CSli{F).
Either of ihe two brothers (EE qttR.:f qk<l C< cfi{ q-s-qq) has told
Alam : Tfrese are a banana and a manoo.
Kalim : Sorrv, I like neither (CrfdfiR q-{-).
Neiiher of the two trees bear fruit.
Bqrr-< qffi il6{i each, either, neither-4q6{l {S
Each/Either/Neither + of + Noun (Pl,)
-4e|-6{,
{lqT q-fifr<r{qsqc3r6q rafis noun qsqlctf<l
@
€s'cfl <riTqs ETfr r ft€s F]-{qls <Kq\o- qcE s{q Ercc-<rs rEI N
distributive adjective. fr-rF< {s cclt-s Ti]"n<E qK€ q*sPc{ c<t<fl<tr-< r

Distributive Distributive Short example Sentence

Pronoun Adiective'
Each Each+Noun each boy Each boy was(were {T) present.
Every Every+Noun every mother Every mother loves her child.
Either Either+Noun either bank There are trees on either bank
(U"-r 6r<) banks a-{) of the river
Neither Neither+Noun neither pen There are huo pens but neither
nen (oens lTtr) will do.
NOTE 'l(-3;tr either bank \K{ Itg{
gl{ I$9 bank cStr plural
plur <]tl-Ao qC<
n r ft-q both il{{R $3lC{ bank <I{{l-< sTcE q\5; RT{ s both banks.
NOTE. Every tsX adjective Rqr< <I+qs Ecs flfc<, pronoun Rcrycs T{ r

c{.[{ 3

lnc. Every of them was present.

Cor. Each of them was present.
or, Everyone of them was present.
NOTE. _{ slr{ (r{q\o qrE\s,
w,{q, fift noun AND qffl {s qr{s {fr \5fcq-{ qfc{ each/no qil-rs El-d6q'q'cq<
ffiverbfr singuiarqT I 6{qq s

Each/No Noun AND Each,/No Noun VERB

Inc. Each man dtu each woma HAVE separate
n rooms
Cor HAS a s€parate
foom.
Inc. No w1 and no book WERE bought.
Cor WAS

EXERCISEI E"rr<-< qr+< qg qsF Ss qts q<qfrru-< sentencefr Tf&-cx

El correct {} incorrect Ei TID'R F{ 3 Each husband and each wife make this
rnistake (S).
Ans. Incorrect. STfiq q{ r
 148 A Passage to the English Language
(e) Interrogative adjective : interrogative (efffi$F) pronoun {rli
adjective KI'l Slq ST{ E{{'VIrS <fE interrogative adjective.
pronoun Ft1rrs lm csl{'-m' €E fuqR r \r{€ (Elqlla-< q-q1-aftrf q?m{.
s$$'sfEl interrogative pronoun .{< EqFF"f Cq-{t qq s
What do you want?
Which is better?
4{l-6{ r,vhat, wliich €slft verb €K qk{ <I{-q-s RR'cq q6q (KI pronoun.
tuq'Itai'hg.!g,l]
-qsll< <r{qE fiq-{rc <Et {s adjective. Fm-< we< qTqlrq <IflKB
qCq
*ttqrs cqql{EFT I

lntefrogative Interrogative Short example Sentence

Pronoun /\diective
What wrrat+noun wlrat colour What colour do you
like most?
Which wnrch+noun wnlch man wnrch man is your
uncle?
NOTE. q(;ls qrql{
s<t carl $ (T'E which Tj=tds q{ I c{5t{ s
There are five pens here; which do you want?
€elln which 6+. pronoun fqg6q m{F <trTrq I

{d) Possessive adjective : possessive pronoun(< galT {F qf6ql

ffi-sm Eq-R{.i CqsRf qE B my, our, his, her etc. €{3tr Ttrs-f< flt1]T{ cqq s
This is rny pen.
We love our dog.
qf+-l{If|s my €{( our Rd possessive pronoun. frq pen €
dog L{T 91tef
4'CC qKI qS& qT{ q-d-"f s3TS <r{ q<} sRl3t adjective.
(e) Relative adjective : Relative pronoun €< Aafi qtr{ qT(Wl frCb.3
<]6.ints rc a

This is a book.
You gave me the book.
..* A
1141 Strrs relative pronoun "which', El{l
{$ S'(R 'Il€Tl {l{ S
This is the book which you gave me.
ft-q <r+rBcs sfr ell
qrq fi"R c.r GlTf,{
@ryli.d_ffffi lci1
L4-'.*"u]-* sTqr{ Cqr$-G' which 6$ {-c{ relative adjective. sBtct. .,=fi 6l bock
(noi"rn) 6$ modify FC{ I CqI;t s This is which L.ook you
gave me.
,.{9TQ 3 He gave me what
shoe I wanted.
4T( He gave me which pen i requested him for. (ffi 6 Aaix,ft6. E-a1
sll-{ w{c<t{ serRq]T cq qlrrs cctB lffiE r)
<lT1s6{lc'o what € which {fr relative acljective.
gl3s 4-6gq €l-sk Adjective :
 Grammar : Adjectives 749

(a) Emphasizing adjective : Pronoun ruI9 FRT errrphatic possessive

Tlc{ .ctrfr pronoun Flc*l&rq, {c{ qm? ffi qq own. (€T=Il;t ffi{ Rcs "fi<) r

(FCS qf{f< emphasizing ({I emphasising) adjective {(]{ t

qslr<, Isihis your own cat? (qB ft csl:If< frrcT< R'qal;

He will come this very day (fi-{ qsre).
I want this very pen (eE nnffi;.
<RlerElcE own s very € emphasizing adjective. q$ Cqt{ qfrfi"t s-{l{
q-flTf{qE{crR I

(b)Compound adjective : Compound {16{ cfift+ r qdtq €sF word

+ qtr<-+F word-qsff< C$Ft word tt$-o qcq \5lrs <'cE compound word. 9I{
q {fr ER adjective EtqcE vlf,f TCFi compound adjective.
F:Fl s out+of+date= out-of-date (cqrcC{).
two+month+long = two-month-long (EtTl{ <llft)
five+year+old =five-year-old ({tu <q< <gt)
This is an out-of-date house.
There will be a two-month-Iong meeiing.
I want a five-year-old boy.
(c) Exclamatory adjective t frr6-{ Exclamatory sentencefr fl9
What a fool (c{lol) you are!
Noun
€rlff,{ what € pronoun. frE Wn.t nonsense 1c<ffi) is this!
Noun

<r$rfrro <r<-ds qcrrq {rE €cfl-r* what R4

@@-€sl-r<
exclamatory adjective.
(d) Non-attributive adjective or Adjectives having no
attributive use :
qtr-fiqtfi
[ea;+Nor']-qslm (c{r"{' ?# t$m ft<<l predicate Rclr<
adjective {t{qq {cs "nm , frtq frR frB adjective qlcR {|fl I Aa:.+Nounl c<r"t
<Kqs qc\5 "fi(T ql, c{ I?t pronoun e? G$ftcg 1w r 6sq"{ s
The cat is fond of milk . (AdjectiveF Noun Cql6S of EIil Rfu)
Adj. Noun
I am ashamed (dllsq\9) ot my son
Adt. Noun
We are tired (wffi; of the guest luGi<).
Adj. Noun
Children are afraid (fiv) of ghosts (g).
Tdl. Noun
The dog is awake
-Aaj.
Let us go out stealthily GFFTI[<) ; mother ir (uo_s)
*#
 150 A Passage to the English Language
. IV. OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH USED AS ADJECTIVE
(S"fil1 parts of speech €l adjective <I1 <l{CK)
A Noun : I like the town life. ('{?ll[-{ town €FF adjective {Rtqc<
<K-qs Ecscq r sR{ qfr [fe (Noun) 6s modify sTcq l)
Dc you know where the Dhaka Hotel is? This is a football.
A pronoun : I did not want such shoes. What stupidity 1c+totfr) is this.
Noun
A Verb : Let us go to the play ground.
* An Adverb He was the then (EsFlft{) president of Pakistan. The
:
Ji;'
down mail will not arrive todaY.
A Preposition : The above (E9lCs{) theory will apply now (q"R slcq
ql{c<) .

A Participle : Never get on a running (5-fl9' present participle)

train. He is,the husband of the murdered (past
participle) lady.

old (bold) adjective QGIl3t qlts ;il{ sTT

FxeRaiSEI frcDT wEF-K-<
qa,
"[6.R sdtftq mrt r eqNF Eqf{{q ftq5a 6X-a
Fntence Name of the Adjective
1. What silliness (Rfq-fll:i) is this! l.txclamatory
2. That is his own son. 2
3. The pen will be long-lasting. ?
4. Give me which lungi I want. 4
5. She loves her mother. 5
6. Which camera will you buy? 6
7. I can take neither subjective of the two 7...
ns nq J. Lompo tive ve
Interrogative 7. Distributive.

a V. ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY USED AS NOUNS (Adjective of

Quality-€K Soun ftffir< $<CK)
fr66<q1-Eis6qteM g
All men in this village are good.
He is brave (rTRft).
qtllc{ good €(( brave € adjective of quality. ft-q fiq-{ qlc'l the fiI6{l
common noun-( qAqs qn q<(s{{ .ffi-{ "RK plural verb <ffi I
qcE q<l qdts
ofbryF qt ,c{"1 e

Fft;;afAi";l + plural verb

common noun
C{:FI 3 The brave (rffi {Ifu{I) are successful.
The rich are not always happy. ({fi-fl ffitl{;I {S {"{ r)

fino-< we< qt<irq Gffi qr<t *i? sr< {<flrql qE s

 Grammar : Adjectives 151

useo as AqJectlve Used as Noun

1. He is poor (d-T<) 1. The poor are weak (gi4).
2. He is young. 2. The young can do it.
3. I am sick today. 3. The sick (ftSwl) are unhappy.
NOTE Adjective {<lT norrn <i?rqE €{ E?f4 q;T 9IC{ the <FfAs
E{ q<( "lC< CSI{ noun {C{ ql I Crlll-{ The rich are sometimes (Sfi€ S{q€)
very rude (ffi) rfin-q roiq qc{ Fn" + uail q< eft? noun
frffi <ifu-s d<mg
<r{;qertq the+adj+noun <]?Iqs E{ ftqorl{ vRI'l{ plural verb
1
-qvlc<
{l:Rs E{ qt t mT{ 3 The poor man is walking. 4{lC{ man CTlst s-fis fsl{
qs-q-{fim qR< of+rq{<fka r

EXERCISEI Correct the following.

(1)The wicked (E?<ifup1) is not happy.
(2)The strong ('tffi <]fu) has been called to the fight.
Ans. (1) are (2) have

C+t{ CsFf adjective c-{FR noun T-Cef <I{QE qT I C{51{ s equal, yellow,
blue, black, green ffi t

The girl in green (c-{sT c"lH1=n "iRfu) is ialking to her brother.

He is not my equal (qTsT;).

a VI. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES (Adjective-,!< q{q-{)

Atiributive adjective 6{ noun 6$ quali{y {f,{ Ek ql6tl <fc I v{q titfft
q{

Rfi 3 He is a wise $1ft) man.

Aai Noun
ftE FFfrFlg csr€-erEfcs adjective-srql noun €K elc< {c{ s
(i){fi qFfr noun Cs qualify 4<l<t qdl (sllfs adjective <KqE q{ I

tr5l;t 3
The boys, thin and smart, brilliant and wise, are invited to the game.
Noun Adj. Adj.
€<ll'6{ The thin and smart, brilliant and wise boys- qKTq <Kq\5 q{fr I

ftq esfr qfE adjective elfsrE El boys €K ql('t<qs I C{5FI 3 Allwise boys
are invited .

(ii){{{ frc{ qs.lil <t oiR{H 6<l<l"l-{ s Rahim is a boy five

adjective phrase
feet tall. (=Rahim is a five-foot-tall boy : {"lIC{ compound adjective-€
CcTTe, phrase
qttroR I)
'lRqs
We want a boy ten years old. (-we want a ten-year-old boy).
I52 A Passage to the English Language
(iii)ftR ftg crrq $eel{ft nffiT E-{i s This problem can only be
solved by God almightv (+fitfu:iln).
(iv) OfroR 3 Here is a story very very old. Hearing (tsC{) which your
btood will be cold.
(v) {rt{ adjective 6qa €"nfi {{lfco <f<'ds {i 3 Omar the great was a
just (Tfl{eKl{ct) ruler ({Es). Have you ever heard the name of king Henry
the fifth? s-{l{ FrcF< Bq'R<qF cql e
The night b cold.
-Aaj.
ra;6
qelfc-{ cold {4 predicative adjective. Rn-q csTR qql{ s-<"f< q-di <I <tr$i
sFlf{qq gFfs (sTil< q-{] ql predicative adjective-€ afi€ sfi\e verb-€K
qrc4 <rrrs {Ir{, cfii4 3
Cold b the night.
AaJ.' verb-
a Vil. USES OF SOME ADJECTIVES (s-ssqrEl Adjective-€R <r<Q-a;
r (i) a,/an+sing. noun + sing. verb R5f{ 3
Inc. Many a men were listening to him (Ef< TclT sr{rrn elQq 1;
cor. Many a man was listening to him.
Inc. Many an ants were rushing (qY Wt {Tfuq) io the nearby
(Fretq) hole (161.
cor. Many an ant was rushing to the nearby hole.
r (i0 ftq many/a great rnany/a good many+pl.noun+pl.verb
Inc. We saw that a great many (q544 q1i{s) bird was
bathing there.
cor. birds were bathing there.
We saw that a great many
I (iii) few, a few, the few, very few, not a few :
few-ftR ql q{-sr, 6{{ <qrq€ DrE r dEI qd:m xrRtr negative {fr r i have
few relatives here. (€ellc{ qmK c<tf{ wQ-s ?.w{ aaE
<qrqRErq r)
a few-9F ft'q xfrlf+ 3 I have a few relatives here. (qNf{ q?l-fC{ qfl
F($iiq-{wrfrivne r;
the few-frffi qTd {< wfl q(?8T 3 I have reacl the few books she has.
(El< cl +<F$s <Q qtrq sr qtfr lwQ r)
very few-qqfg s{, cqf{ frcq <qrs C{f,{ s Very few peopie here are
competent (€"q5; for the post (uffi< "in).
not a few-qr;rcsr{I 3 She offered (E"|{F{ FiTT&E) me not a few
books.
r (iv)little, a little, the little, very little, not a little : q?llr{
csTc{ <l{, few €K €{rsl-s c-{-$'tr <r<-{R- countable noun (:Il callcll {l{) €<
 Grammar : Adjectives 153

C1FG "{<( <lfflIq qlTETFl little 4R C-rc'G {j-{qR uncountable noun qK 6s,(q
e|c<lsTJ r

tittle-c{t a a 3q6qt E6{ ; negative qd cqg I I have little hope that

ell't
he will pass (9FIR TEcs c'frE 6O-{ qfnQ oi cs c{
ea6< t)
a little-{lrW "tR$q e Give the cat a little milk.
the litfle-Rffi qtd {< qfl ffiql"l s The little milk (that) vou gave
-$! him was bad. (R cFw qqb:T s"ft sn-+ fficE \01 R{
'!i- ctF1fl r)
very little_{{ Tx, 3 Many Bangalees have very little
cqK EqF]Id
money to spend for recreational purposes (G'vRr+tw+<
o[cq).
not a little-w6-{rF'"fk{q 3 She gave me not a little hope (:much
hope).
NOTE- Few, a few, the few . . lgflfr{ "FI plural noun €3( plural
€
verb <-f{ I qeKef6$, little, a little, the little Rsflfr< "l{ singular noun
singular verb {C-{ I G'ffi 3
Few peoPle are known to me.
A liitle milk is enough.

r (v)Whole, the whole of, all :

Inc. Whole India realized the loss'
cor. The whole of India realized the loss'
All
India realized the loss.
or,
Singular common noun (K qlcal the whole. (e1 whole 4.{) <rq I C{51{ 3

Inc" Eat whole banana.

cor. Eat the whole banana.

I (vi) man!, much:

many + countable noun (Plural) C{51-{ 3 Many men were
present there
Fuch + uncountable noun (singular)l GT{ 3

She gave me much helP'

I (vii) Any, some :

Negative-4 some <ITQ$ {T {l I negative € a{{irmative-€ any {t{q\5 q-{ I

Any book will do. (cqrsF <tc'o- Eqr< t)

She did not give me anY books.
She gave me some books.
!nc. She did not give me some books'
Cor. She did not give me anY books'
 154 A Passage to the English Language
Interrogative-.{ Bv-Tl <I{qs Q3 I v5q qf64rt, W{m{ T{flfE, some 3-1:tqg
Q$:
Will he eat any mangoes?
Will you eat some (any lll SRq q{C{t{ {<tlTR) mangoes, please?
<} Any-€R qoBfux<r+qln s

hardlv / scarcely / barely + any + noun

q<K'f any <I{q\5 qF q< qdE$-'?{.[E c'ir{ OtctQ q.|"-
4, EtT ftR?
4frel ttr5l;{ s
'pi;: He has hardly any wealih. (vl;t <Orv c'frq mt-{
i: cAqq 6? r)
There are barely any stars in the sky. etc.

I (viii) Other, another, others, any other :

another + singular noun <K'S\e- E{ i C$F{ 3
-q{'cR
Give me another (q1.<f$tr) mango (mangoes lT) r

other + plural noun <]-{qs R3 B He went to Rajshahi, Khulna,

-q{.'Cet
Bhanderkote and other places (place i-T).

-qs'cal <Flq'-s {T 3 This is a good

any other + sing. or plu. noun
pen, but any other pen (or pens) would do. (wif TafC{s EalE). Akbar was
greater than any other king (or kings) of India.
Others s{{|€ ilfuK 1fu(Cq' I E{i €fr pronoun q< S]-q SL< s
Keramat : Who came here?
Niamat : Rahim, Karim, Jalil and others. frq <q <t qRT{ q1-caa {fu
{,TFT \5{q other + places,/things _qftef <I{.q\5 qT 3

Inc. She has bought a pen, a book, a handkerchief (F{IEI), and

others.
Cor. She has bought a pen, a book, a handkerchief, and other
things.
Inc. I went to Gauramava, Uzalkur, Vatgati, and others.
Cor. I went to Gauramava, Uzalkur, Vatgati, and other places.

GRAND EXERCISE
[N. B. qe q$tm <t Fkltrq q {fr srq-vTc< qws F'cq FTcq ?nbt6o Dt\e EIErq
ftrD< qfuE et$
q-{R freu qr<, q<( qe6 catrs eF
"r{s "iR"i{ e{ec{l attend
s-flcg q6a 11

1. (a) Define adjective.

(b) In how many ways can adjectives be used?
I Hint : attributive, predicative] Give examples for each type of
use.
(c) How many kinds of adjectives are there? Give an example of
each.
 Grammar : Adjectives 155

2. Find out the adjectives in each sentence'

(a) He gave me'a book. (b) I want a little milk' (c) He wanted this
umbrell-a. (d) That matt *ill come again. (e) He has few friends
here. (f) He has a few friends here. (g) No more! Thafs enough!
(h) Haif a loaf is better than no loaf. (i) He is the first boy in our
class. fi) This is his Pen.
3. 'All'qE, €<sft adjeciive. E€ frd Eqfqdq fr6n 6r1s cs'all' numeral €
quantitative-Bg$ adjeciive Rrqc< <i-aqg {cs "nr< t

4. Fill in the blanks with 'a few', 'a little', 'few', 'iittle''
(a) He has- friends here;he is almost alone (fi;xi)'
the glass; bring me' a full glass of
(b) There is
- - water in
water please.
(c)-people are gossiping there; they may be workers'
(d) Give me-rnilk to drink.
5. Translate the following sentences into English'
(a) q?tR-{ ql{K qNFl s-cl-<tq-{ (a few){{ q'lCQ t

(b) ,!?lrc{ qfi{ csl{ Ts c{e <FrcEs urq (few)'

(c) ql ffiq qa;ry ffi qlcQ (a little).
(d) ffirs csl{ {fr ffi 3-E6as Drq 0ittle).
(e) m c{ftcsfiftql{qft<fl<$-c{R I

(fl qfr fr EQ l]'e[sll'Et (double-headed) {]-{< chT"lq?

(g)cc{{$I4Iqllul{ t

(h)frc-<!3 "nRum r

(i)sftq< $cslr$ qmCR I

0)ERq-<
rKR qrc-6q r

& sEq EF< c{ rsF ,{sFcs (either)5ElG{ t

q{
(l)
'fisEt< esFcse Tq s] I (neither)
(m) (k) s (l)<f+]?F{ EcCafr q-{-dm either € neither adjective 4lft
pronoun Rcw< <I<qE scrcql
(n) qfi qlTl< frffi< <t t (own).
fr+ qq? qMr< (very).
(o) cc
(p)vK c+fr dnu-<q<-<!-s RrEqtq
q"lq TIs
k)3R-{<F r

The + adjective-€slc< <l{as Q,'c{ adjectivs fr s{{ plural

6. q({l(-S plural
common noun€< I-rc= <]-{qg q{ I sRfE frCtr{ adjective
€T rs <FqK <''C<-qd1{ <l?Fl Tr{1 T<
common noun
q<( vFcq-< <]iql qd
6E{ I
 156 A Passage to the English Language

''gi
*:; t;I
? I

'ffi@@@
tr
I

.€ otr< mtb sfr <toi ru-{t s-{ r

rE;f
8Lf r*_.l
L- t"""dl *--l

qR str< oF c tr qai 4!-q'a3 1

9. Flucd-F.mG"fil e<< F*vl noncount noun

Foncor,"i
qsrr<
<]<q-a a-E5a ft W qr<? EqRiq fr6R F[\e r

1otri-.dtl-l f "
E'r]-l -FAF-{rlfiil

4Q construction TJTtli TK qq{ +r< frq r wd< c$l fl],cr6] CEa

12. Fthq;l singular noun ,4slr< <TEqR q<I ft ft+I