# Hand -

calculations for flexibility analysis

of trusses
a

f→1

7,7
of
A

91
15
2

hi
7
4 6

f
3
B 3
→ > - 5

8 4

7 J
10 12 8

I '
I
b
I
E
→ 9
> f
- 11
>

Steps : Determine the internal axial force [ S ] and support reactions C Ps3

from the equilibrium equation CF ] =

CHIEN ]

Fso
Esc
I

Member Degree of freedom A -

cost -
Sino cost sine

ESE
ESB
① I 900 0 I
Asc ) 5 6 I 2 O -

② ( B→A ) 3 4 I 2 36.870 -0.8 -0.6 0.8 0.6

③ I B→c ) 3 4 5 b 00 -

I 0 I 0

④ ( C → D ) 5 6 7 8 -36.870 -0.8 0.6 0.8 -0.6

⑤ ( ) 11 72 5 b 900 O
-

I 0 I

⑥ 00 0 0
( F → D ) 11 12 7 8 -

I I

⑦ I ) 9 10 11 12 Oo -

I 0 I 0

⑧ I ) 9 105 b 36.870 -0.8 -0.6 0.8 0.6

⑨ I ) 9 103 4 900 O -

I 0 I

CEILIDH
Ei
II. Ip
!
'

I
am From and -
-
then
'
thencb.IE#i5
and [ If ] =
( FL ]

QItFiz
fNg
? to
Fi
' 2 3 4 5 b 7 s g

Nz
Ny
.

I -147 O 0.8 O O O O O O O N N 770.25

,

.O
,

2 O I 0.6 O O O O O O O
-
183.75

, O O -
0.8 -
I O O O O O O 747

4 O O -0.6 O O O O O O 1 326.667

5 O O O I -0.8 O O O 0.8 O > =

-

171.5 kN

6 O = -
I O O 0.6 I O O 0.6 O -

267.33

O O 0.8 O 7 O O N 114.33
O O
-

7 O
,

s
-

196 O O O -0.6 O O O O O 742.917

finternal
9 170.25
-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O O O O O O O I
forces
10 -0.6
member [S ]
-

" O O O O O -

I I O O
,

12
O O O O -
I O O O O
 -

'
ma From [ Ps ]=[ r ][ Pf ]=[ Hr ]fHL ] CE ]

F 24.5
10

Fm
= 147 kN .

F 171.5 )
support reaction [ Ps ]
12

Steps : Determine the internal axial deformation [ DI from the material law [ D ]=fF][ S ]

Ly
Eia O O O O O O O O 770.25
Cy ,

O L2
EzAz O O O O O O O 183.75
Ez
-

ez O O E ! ,
O O O O O O 747

O O O
La
EH O O O O O 326.667
Ey ,
L
kN
5

=
O O O O ESA O O O O -

171.5 .

Eg ,

O O O O O Lb
Eff O O 0 261.33
Cy
-

L
7

O O O O O O E O 114.33
Ey A O
-

, ,
L 8

O O O O O O O Egas O 742.917
Eg

O O O O O O O O Lg
Efg -

170.25
Eq

1.7871
'
for a cross-sectional area of 16.453cm and Young 's modulus of 200,000 MPa
then EA =
(16.453×10-4112×108) kN
.

Cp EA O O O O O O O O 710.25
5
O O O O O O O O 183.75
Ez EA
-

E3
Ea
4
O O O O O O O O 747
ez EA
5
O O O O O O O O 326.667
Ey EA

O 171.5
kN
=
O O O O O O O - .

Eg a
4
O O O O O O O 0 261.33
Cy
-

EA
4
O O O O O O O 114.33
Ey O
-

EA

O O O O O O O O 742.917
Eg
3
O O O O O O O O 170.25
-

Eq EA

e 1.005×70-3 7.005
,

-2.792×10-3 -2.792
ez
1.787×10-3 internal axial deformations [ D ]
ez
e 4.964×10-3 4.964
4
1.564×10-3 M -1.564 MM
cg
= a
.
.

e
-
3.177×10-3 -

3.177
6

e -1.390×10-3 -1.390
,

eg
2.172×10-3 2.172

Eg
-
1.005×10-3 -

1.005
Steps : Determine the displacement I Uf ] from compatibility equation [ Uf ]
-
(B) I D ]
-4
't
'
then [ B ]=[ BIT
-

His

1.005×70-3

21.7
-0.757.25 I O 1.5 O I 1.250.75 0.335
-

Up
- -
-

I O O O I O O O O -2.792×10-3 0.558
Uz
-

O O I 0 O I 1.787×10-3 3.490

1.250
U -0.75
- -

-0.750
3

U¢
O O O O O O O O I 4.964×10-3 -

1.005

Ug
=

1.337.33-1.670
O

O
O O O

O O
-

O
I 1.25

O
O

O
a
1.564×10-3

3.177×10-3
M .
5.277 MM .

U O O 7 7.564
-
-

U O O O O O I O O O -

1.390×10-3 -

3.177
,
O O O -
1.672 2.172×10-3 -

Ug
1.005×10-3

detgrees
O O O O O O -

I O O 7.390
Ug
-

displacements at global of freedom [ Uf ]

⑧ Flowchart

( START
)

Fr

Input member node coordinate external forces

, , ,

position of reaction E A
, ,

⑥
Creates EF ]
,
[ DOF ]
,
output
[ -
cost
,
-
sine
,
cost ,
sino ] ,
EH ] [ 5) and [ Pg ]

BB
output
creates CF ] B
[D]

output
creates [ B ] •

I Uf ]

( END )
Member=[3,1;2,1;2,3;3,4;6,3;6,4;5,6;5,3;5,2];
CoordinateNode=[4,6;0,3;4,3;8,0;0,0;4,0];

ExternalForce=[-147,1;-196,8];
posReaction=[10;11;12];

E=2*10^8; % Unit in (kN/m^2) or (kPa)

A=16.453*10^-4; % Unit in squaremeters (m^2)

Nmember=length(Member);
Nnode=length(CoordinateNode);
Nexternalforce=length(ExternalForce);
NposReaction=length(posReaction);
DOF=Nnode*2;

L=zeros(Nmember,1);
i=1;
while i<=Nmember
x1=CoordinateNode(Member(i,1),1);
x2=CoordinateNode(Member(i,2),1);
y1=CoordinateNode(Member(i,1),2);
y2=CoordinateNode(Member(i,2),2);
L(i,1)=((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2)^0.5;
i=i+1;
end
F=zeros(DOF,1);
FR=zeros(NposReaction,1);
H=zeros(Nmember+NposReaction,Nmember);

i=1; j=1;
for i=i:DOF
if j<=Nexternalforce
if i==ExternalForce(j,2)
F(i,1)=ExternalForce(j,1);
j=j+1;
end
i=i+1;
end
end

Lv=zeros(Nmember,4);
i=1;
while i<=Nmember
n=Member(i,1)*2;
m=Member(i,2)*2;
Lv(i,1)=n-1;
Lv(i,2)=n;
Lv(i,3)=m-1;
Lv(i,4)=m;
i=i+1;
end

coefi=zeros(Nmember,4);
i=1;
while i<=Nmember
x1=CoordinateNode(Member(i,1),1);
x2=CoordinateNode(Member(i,2),1);
y1=CoordinateNode(Member(i,1),2);
y2=CoordinateNode(Member(i,2),2);
coefi(i,1)=-(x2-x1)/L(i,1); % -cos
coefi(i,2)=-(y2-y1)/L(i,1); % -sin
coefi(i,3)=(x2-x1)/L(i,1); % cos
coefi(i,4)=(y2-y1)/L(i,1); % sin
i=i+1;
end
matLV=[Lv,coefi];
i=1;
while i<=length(matLV)
j=1;
while j<=4
H(Lv(i,j),i)=coefi(i,j);
j=j+1;
end
i=i+1;
end

HL=H(1:Nmember,1:Nmember);
FL=F(1:Nmember);
S=inv(HL)*FL;
disp('The internal member forces [S] in kN =')
disp(S)

HR=H(Nmember+1:DOF,1:Nmember);
Ps=HR*inv(HL)*(FL);
disp('The support reactions [Ps] in kN =')
disp(Ps)

f=zeros(Nmember,Nmember);

i=1; j=1;
while i<=Nmember
if i==j
f(i,j)=L(i,1)/(E*A);
end
j=j+1;
i=i+1;
end

D=(f*S)*10^3;
disp('The internal axial deformations [D] in mm. =')
disp(D)
 B=(inv(HL))'; % Create [B]

Uf=zeros(DOF,1);
uf=B*D;

i=1;
j=1;
while i<=DOF
if j<=Nmember
Uf(i,1)=uf(j,1);
end
j=j+1;
i=i+1;
end

disp('The displacements at global degrees of freedom [Uf] in

mm. =')
disp(Uf)