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BALANCING MASS in IN-LINE ENGINE

GIVEN:

4 cylinders firing order = 1-3-4-2


Angular phase change = 90O
Cylinder offset = 100 mm
N Angular speed = 6000 rpm =628 rad-s-1
r Crank Radius = 40 mm
Rotating mass at crankpin = 2 kg
Reciprocating mass = 1 kg

Total mass = 1+2 =3 kg

According to firing order Primary crank positions are, with reference plane
between planes 2 and 3
1. Determining Primary Force Polygon:
m1r1 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m2r2 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m3r3 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m4r4 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm

From the primary crank position diagram, we can draw the primary force
polygon as,

Where 0 and 4 are coincident points

Since the force polygon is closed, so there is no primary balanced force.

2. Determining Primary Couple Polygon: (about the RP)


m1r1 L1 = 3X40X150 = 18000 kg-mm2
m2r2 L2 = 3X40 X50 = 6000 kg-mm2
m3r3 L3 = 3X40X(-50) = -6000 kg-mm2
m4r4 L4 = 3X40X(-100) = -18000 kg-mm2

From the primary crank position diagram, we can draw the primary Couple
polygon as,
The primary couple polygon is nt closed, there exist an unbalanced primary
couple.

It can be found out from primary couple polygon using pythagoras theorm

Distance "0-4" = 2√180002 + 60002 = 37947.33 kg-mm2


Unbalanced primary couple = mrLω2 =37947.33 X 6282
= 16965.81 N-m

According to firing order Secondary crank positions are, with reference plane
between planes 2 and 3, orientations in secondaey are twice of primary
positions

Note 540O = 180O in plane 2


3. Determining Secondary Force Polygon:
m1r1 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m2r2 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m3r3 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm
m4r4 = 3X40 =120 kg-mm

From the Secondary crank position diagram, we can draw the secondary force
polygon as,
where 0,2,4 are coincident points

Since the force polygon is closed, so there is no secondary balanced force.

4. Determining Secondary Couple Polygon: (about the RP)


m1r1 L1 = 3X40X150 = 18000 kg-mm2
m2r2 L2 = 3X40 X50 = 6000 kg-mm2
m3r3 L3 = 3X40X(-50) = -6000 kg-mm2
m4r4 L4 = 3X40X(-100) = -18000 kg-mm2

From the Secondary crank position diagram, we can draw the Secondary
Couple polygon as,

Where 0 and 4 are coincident.

The Secondary couple polygon is closed, so there is no unbalanced secondary


couple.

Unbalanced Primary force =0 kg-mm


Unbalanced Primary Couple = 37947.33 kg-mm2
Unbalanced Secondary force =0 kg-mm
Unbalanced Secondary Couple = 37947.33 kg-mm2

Therefore it is enough to balance the unbalanced primary couple (II part)


5. Balancing the primary pitching moment (unbalanced primary Couple )

As per in the question a pair of masses to be added in the planes 1 and 4 at


crank radius of crank shaft to eliminate primary pitching moment.

Therefore, ma and mb are added at crank radius r in planes 1 and 4,

marL1 + mbrL2 = 37947.33 kg-mm2

Since r = 40 ; L1 = L2 = 150 mm

ma(40X150) + mb(40X150) = 37947.33


ma+ mb = 6.324 kg
Let ma= mb

ma= mb = 3.162 kg

Therefore we are going to add two 3.162 kg masses in plane 1 and 4 so that
primary couple polygon will get closed and balanced as shown in the fig.

Where ϴ and β are angularpositions of ma and mb respectievely from crank


position 1

ϴ= 180-tan-1(6000/18000) = 161.56O

β = 360- tan-1(6000/18000) = 341.56O


The primary positions with balanced masses, such that ma& mb are
symmetrical , will be

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