Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science

Lab Report
On

Determination of latent heat of fusion by using Calorimeter

Course code: CEP 272
Lab Group: 04
Submitted to:
Mohammad Rakib Uddin
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CEP, SUST
Md. Shahadat Hossain
Lecturer
Dept. of CEP, SUST
Submitted by:
Name Registration number
Fariha Khan 2016332004

Sourav Sutradhar 2016332005

Tamara Ferdous 2016332008
Arjan Saha 2016332039
Kashfia Nehrin 2016332014
Mahazabin Mim 2016332010
Shubahsish Paul Niloy 2016332046
Abu Saleh Al Mahmood 2016332034
Shreya Roy 2016332023
Taslima Islam Nadi 2016332002
Nakib Uddin 2016332056
Mohammad Farhan 2015332049
Razaul Karim 2015332057
Date of submission: 14-10-2018
Contents
Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Materials: ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Methods: ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Tabulation: .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Abstract:
This paper aims to easily show how latent heat of fusion can be resolved through a simple
experiment. This is done with resources that are readily available such as ice and warm water.
Latent Heat of Fusion (Lf) is the heat energy absorbed of the substance as it changes its state from
the solid state to the liquid state without the change in temperature. This is expressed in joules (J)
per unit mass (kg) of the substance. In this experiment, our goal was to measure the latent heat of
fusion of ice as it melts to water. In order to specify this, our calculations were guided by

Qfusion + Qgain by melted water = Qlost by warm water

(Mice)(Lf) + (Mice)(1 J/kgK)(Tf - Ti) = (Mw)(1 J/kgK)( Ti – Tf)

For this experiment, we can also use:

(Mice)(Lf) + (Mice)(1 cal/gC°)(Tfinal - Tice) = (Mwater)(1 cal/gC°)( Tinitial – Tfinal)+ (Mcalorimeter)(1

J/kgK)( Tinitial – Tfinal)

The determination of the latent heat of fusion and its numerical significance is done
experimentally. It is a simple assessment of mixing ice and warm water, with its (1) final and initial
temperatures and (2) masses were recorded. The difference in internal energy between one gram
of ice at 0°C and one gram of water at 0°c is called the latent heat of fusion of water (Lf).

Introduction:
Heat is a measure of the total thermal energy in an object. Heat is usually represented by the latter
Q. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual molecules of a
substance. If two objects at different temperatures are brought together heat will flow from the
warmer to the cooler object until the temperatures are equal. This process is called heat exchanger.
The heat lost by the warmer object must equal the heat gained by the cooler one:

Qlost = Qgained

Specific heat (c) is defined as the amount of heat required to change the temperature of one
kilogram of a substance 1℃.

𝑄
𝑐=
𝑚∆𝑇
The unit for specific heat is J/kg℃, Joule per kilogram-degree.The equation for heat can then be
rewritten:

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇

When a substance is undergoing a phase transition, that is, changing from one physical state to
another, it will gain or loss heat without a change in temperature until the phase transition is
complete. The amount of heat necessary to melt a substance is called the latent heat of fusion (Lf)
and has units of J/kg. The amount of heat necessary to completely change a substance from solid
to liquid, without changing its temperature is given by:

𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿f

When ice at 0℃ is mixed with warm water at some temperature Ti, the water will be cooled to a
final temperature, Tf. In this process it will lose heat equal to mwc(Ti-Tf). Some of the lost heat
will be used to melt the ice, mic(Ti-Tf), and the rest will raise the temprature of the melted ice to
the final temperature of the water. Therefore:

(Mice)(Lf) + (Mice)(1 J/kgK)(Tfinal - Tice) = (Mwater)(1 J/kgK)( Tinitial – Tfinal)+ (Mcalorimeter)(1 J/kgK)(
Tinitial – Tfinal)…………………………………….(1)

In this experiment,a calorimeter is used whice is a device that thermally isolates enclosed
substances from their surroundings so that no heat flows in or out.

Materials:
1) Ice cubes
2) A beaker of hot water
3) A low specific heat capacity
thermometer
4) A calorimeter
5) Insulated container
6) Lid and stir
7) Weight meter
8) Stopwatch
9) Wooden Box
10) A clean cloth and a heavy object to crush ice.
11) Inner and outer jar
12) Cover
13) Base
Methods:
1. Crush the ice, place it in the beaker of water and leave there for approximately 20 minutes
(until it begins to melt at 0˚C). Use a thermometer to measure the temperature.
2. Find the mass of the empty calorimeter using a balance. mcal
3. Heat some water to approx. 7˚C above room temperature Fill the calorimeter about 2/3’s
full with this water and find the combined mass of the calorimeter and water, then subtract
to find the mass of the water and calorimeter. m2.
4. The mass of the water mw is m2 – mcal.
5. Place the calorimeter into its insulated container with a low specific heat capacity
thermometer and a stir. Place the lid on top.
6. Dry some of the crushed ice and add to the water. Stir until it melts and continue to add
more ice until the temperature of the water drops to 7˚C below room temperature
7. Leave for 2 minutes to ensure the temp of the water has reached its lowest, and then record
the temperature.
8. Find the total mass of the calorimeter, water and ice, m3,, and then subtract m2 to find the
mass of the ice added.
9. The mass of the melted ice mi is m3 – m2.
10. Use the following formula to find the specific latent heat of fusion of ice:

MwCwΔθ = McCcΔθ + MiL + MiwCwΔθ

Tabulation:
Specific heat of water, Cw = 4200 J/kg

Specific heat of calorimeter, Cc = 753 J/kg

Mass of calorimeter, mc = 0.065 kg

No. of Mass of Mass of ice, Initial Final Latent heat

observation water, Mi (kg) temperature temperature Lf(J/kg)
Mw Ti( C )̊ Tf
(kg)
1 0.0583 0.0151 30.5 10.2 3.2 ×105
2 0.160 0.005 42 37 384825
3 0.125 0.01 67 52 371437