3 PHASE INVERTER WITH 180° AND 120° CONDUCTION MODE

Mahendra G. Mathukiya1
1
Electrical Department, C.U. Shah College of Engineering & Technology
Abstract—Today most of the appliances and machine works on AC power. If the AC supply is not
available for limited time period at that time we need to convert stored DC power in to AC power.
This can be done by the power electronics equipment called as an Inverter. Basically inverter uses a
power electronic switch as a form of an array. Different types of inverters are available in market for
different purpose. By applying different patterns of switching of array gives an appropriate output.
the simulation work for 3 phase Inverter with 180˚ conduction mode and 120˚ conduction mode for
resistive load is presented. With the help of MATLAB simulation, control strategy for 180˚
conduction mode and 120˚ conduction mode is developed. Simulated phase voltage waveforms, line
voltage waveforms and THD analysis of inverter for both the conduction modes are represented.
Finally, both the conduction modes are compared by various parameters related to inverter.
Keywords— 3 Phase Inverter, 180°, 120°, Conduction mode, Mat lab
I. INTRODUCTION
From the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DC-to-AC
power conversion was accomplished using rotary converters or motor-generator sets (M-G sets). In
the early twentieth century, vacuum tubes and gas filled tubes began to be used as switches in
inverter circuits. The most widely used type of tube was the thyratron. The origins of
electromechanical inverters explain the source of the term inverter. Early AC-to-DC converters used
an induction or synchronous AC motor direct-connected to a generator (dynamo) so that the
generator's commutator reversed its connections at exactly the right moments to produce DC. A later
development is the synchronous converter, in which the motor and generator windings are combined
into one armature, with slip rings at one end and a commutator at the other and only one field frame.
The result with either is AC-in, DC-out. With an M-G set, the DC can be considered to be separately
generated from the AC; with a synchronous converter, in a certain sense it can be considered to be
"mechanically rectified AC". Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an M-G set or rotary
converter can be "run backwards", converting DC to AC. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter.
DC-to AC converter is known as an inverter. The function of inverter is to change a DC input
voltage to symmetric AC output voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. The output voltage
could be fixed or variable at a fixed or variable frequency. A variable output voltage can be obtained
by varying the dc input voltage and maintaining the gain of inverter constant. On the other hand, if
the DC input voltage is fixed and it is not controllable, a variable output voltage can be obtained by
varying the gain of the inverter, which is normally accomplished by pulse with modulation control
within the inverter. The inverter gain may be defined as the ratio of the AC output voltage to the DC
input voltage. The output voltage waveforms of an ideal inverter should be sinusoidal. However, the
waveforms of practical inverter is non-sinusoidal and contain certain Harmonics. For low and
medium-power applications, square-wave or quasi-square-wave voltages may be acceptable; and for
high-power applications, low distorted sinusoidal wave-forms are required. With the availability of
high-speed power semiconductor devices, the harmonic contents of output voltage can be minimized
or reduced significantly by switching techniques.

DOI:10.21884/IJMTER.2017.4090.RHSM1 113
 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 3, [March– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

II. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE PHASE INVERTER FED TO DRIVE

THREE PHASE MOTOR
Inverters are used in a wide range of applications; there are various type available by
different aspects. By conduction mode there are also 150˚, 180˚&120˚conduction mode used. But the
150˚is a recently advanced research. New modification for the most common, simple and well-
known three-phase six-switch voltage source inverter (VSI). In this modification, each one of the six
transistors conducts for 150˚ instead of the known 180˚ or 120˚ conduction modes. For a star
connected load, the output phase voltage becomes a seven level, 12 steps waveform. This result in a
50% reduction of the total harmonic distortion (THD), 75% reduction of voltage distortion factor
(DF), and the lowest harmonic order (LOH) becomes 11 rather than 5. In IGBT based Inverter, we
need to control the pulse of switching signal given to IGBTs Hex- Bridge Module. This job can be
done by PIC16F72 Microcontroller. Easily developed PWM pulses calculation of the PWM period
and inbuilt analog-to digital (A/D) converter module can have up to eight analog inputs for a device.
So, overall the THD can be decrease by use of this type of technique and thee power loss can be
minimized. THD will directly proportional to the step of output voltages.so the number of step
increases in output causes low THD level.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

“Figure 1: Block diagram of Inverter”

3.1 AC Source
An ac source is ordinary supply of rectifier, which has any frequency and voltage rating
.which is practically constant supply of 3 phase or 1 phase. Before this block there is switch to
operate supply and protection system by fuse.
Rectifier
A rectifier is converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). A diode is like a one-
way valve that allows an electrical current to flow in only one direction. This process is called
rectification.
Power circuit
Power circuit consists of bridge of six switches. For 3 phases it has 3 legs. In each leg it has two
switches. Basically the switch is IGBT or MOSFET.
Driver Circuit
In contrast to bipolar transistors, MOSFETs do not require constant power input, as long as they
are not being switched on or off. The isolated gate-electrode of the MOSFET forms a capacitor (gate
capacitor), which must be charged or discharged each time the MOSFET is switched on or off. As a
transistor requires a particular gate voltage in order to switch on, the gate capacitor must be charged
to at least the required gate voltage for the transistor to be switched on. Similarly, to switch the
transistor off, this charge must be dissipated, i.e. the gate capacitor must be discharged.

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 3, [March– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

S1 S3 S5

A
DC B
SOURCE
C

S4 S6 S2

“Figure 2 Circuit Diagram of Three Phase Inverter”

3.2 Operation Of Three Phase Inverter

A. 180° Degree Conduction Mode
Mode S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
1st ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON
2nd ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON
3rd ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF
4th OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF
5th OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF
6th OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON
“Table 1.Switching of 180 Degree Conduction mode”
In the three phase inverter of each switch conduct 180° of cycle, thyristor pair in each arm i.e.
S1, S4; S3, S6 and S5, S2 are turned on with a time interval of 180°. It means that S1 conduct for
180° and S4 for the next 180° of a cycle. Switch in the upper group i.e. S1, S3, S5 conduct at an
interval of 120°. It implies that if S1 is fired at ωt=0°, then S3 must be fired at ωt=120° and S5 at
ωt=240°. Same is proved lower group of switches. On the basis of this firing scheme, a table in
prepared as shown at the top. In this table, first row show that S1 from upper group conducts for
180°, S4 for the next 180° and then again S1 for 180° and so on. In the second row, S3 from the
upper group is shown to start conducting 120° after S1 starts conducting. After S3 conduction for
180°, S6 conducts for the next 180° and again S3 for the next 180° and so on. Further, in the third
row, S5 from the upper group start conducting 180° after S3 or 240° after S1. After S5 conduction
for 180°, S2 conducts for the 180°, S5 for the next 180° and so on. In this manner, the pattern of
firing the six switch is identified. Tis table show that S5, S6, S1 should be gated for step I; S6, S1, S2
for step II ; S1, S2, S3 for step III ;S2, S3, S4 for step IV and so on. Thus the sequence of firing the
thyristor is S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6; S1, S2…. It is seen from the table that is every step of 60°
duration, only three switch are conducting one from upper group and two from the lower group or
two from the upper group and one from the lower group.
B. 120° Degree Conduction Mode
Mode S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1st ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON

nd
2 ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
rd
3 OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF
th
4 OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF
th
5 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF
6th OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON
“Table 2.Switching of 120 Degree Conduction mode”

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 3, [March– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

The power circuit diagrams of this inverter is the same as that shown. For the 120° degree
mode VSI, each thyristor conducts for 120° of a cycle. Like 180° mode, 120° mode inverter also
requires six steps, each of 60° duration for completing one cycle output AC voltage.
For this inverter too, a table giving the sequence of firing the six thyristor is prepared as
shown in the top. In this table, shown that even conducts for 120° and for the next 60° neither S1 nor
S4 conducts. Now S4 is turned on at ωt=180° is further conducts for 120°, i.e. from ωt=180° to at
ωt=300°. This means that for 60° interval from ωt=120° to ωt=180°, series connected switch S1, S4
do not conduct. At ωt=300°, S4 is turned off, then 60° interval elapses before S1 is turned on again at
ωt=360°. In the second row, S3 is turned on at ωt=120° as in 180° mode inverter. Now S3 conducts
for 120°, then 60° interval elapses during which neither S3 nor S6 conducts. At ωt=300°, S6 is
turned on, it conducts for 120° and then 60° interval elapses after which S3 is turned on again. The
third row is also completed is similarly. This table show that S6, S1 should be gated for step I ; S1,
S2 for step II ; S2 ,S3 for step III and so on. The sequence of firing the six thyristor is the same as
for the 180 mode inverter. During each step, only two thyristors conducts for this inverter one from
the upper group and one from the lower group; but in 180° mode inverter, three thyristors conduct in
each step.
3.3 CIRCUIT SIMULATION & RESULTS

“Figure 3 Simulink Model of Three Phase Inverter”

A. Simulation Results for 180˚ Conduction Mode:

“Figure 4 Gate Voltage Waveforms”

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“Figure 5 Voltage Waveform of Phase-A”

“Figure 6 Voltage Waveform of Phase-B” “Figure 7 Voltage Waveform of Phase-C”

“Figure 8 FFT Analysis of Line Voltage Waveform”

Fast Fourier transform analysis is shown in above fig. The contribution of 5th harmonic is
19%, 7th harmonic is 15% and so on. The total harmonic distortion is 30.90%. The effect of
harmonics of multiple of 3rd is minimized in line voltage waveforms.

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IV. CONCLUSION
From the above experiments it can be concluded that for 180 conduction mode magnitude of
output voltages greater then 120 conduction mode. In 180 conduction mode it is require to provide a
dead time mode between two switches in one leg while in 120 conduction mode there is no
requirement of dead time mode.from the below table it can be say that THD in both the conduction
mode is near to same.
“Table 1 comparision of result”
Parameter Theoretical Practical
Phase Voltage 11.31 10.34
Line Voltage 19.59 17.8
Line/Phase Current 16 10.26
Fundamental phase 10.82 11
voltage
Fundamental line voltage 18.72 14.68
T.H.D.(Phase) 30.99 30.71
T.H.D.(Line) 30.99 30.71
REFERENCES
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Photovoltaic Application , ijireeice,Vol. 2, Issue 4,April 2014
[2] Navdeep Singh, Comparative Study between Traditional Inverers, ijareeie, Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2014
[3] Ananya Dutta Some Aspects on 3 Phase Bridge Inverter (180 Degree Modes, ijeijournal., olume 3, Issue
4(November2013) PP:18-21
[4] Xiangli Li, Zhaoyang Yan, Yanni Gao, Hanhong Qi, “The Research of Three-phase Boost/Buck-boost DC-AC
Inverter ,” Energy and Power Engineering,SciRes 2013, 5, 906-913
[5] Bhimbra P.S., “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers, 4th edition
[6] David Tam, “New 1200 V Integrated Circuit Changes the Way 3-Phase Motor Drive Inverters are Designed”,
Internatinal Rectifier, E1 Segundo, California .

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