UNIT 1.

THE UNIVERSE

3rd Grade Primary School / Social Science

Pedro Antonio López Hernández
Colegio La Presentación de Granada
 Planets
• They are like spheres.
Non- Luminous
• They orbit around a star.
Celestial bodies
It is a spherical celestial
Satellites body that orbits around a
planet.

THE SUN
Luminous Stars
• It is the centre of the Solar
• They give off their own System.
light and heat.
Planetary system • It gives us light and heat. It is
vital for life to exist on our
It has one star and different planets and planet.
celestial bodies that orbit around it.

1. Mercury: It is the closest to the sun 5. Jupiter: It is the “biggest planet”.

THE SOLAR SYSTEM 2. Venus: It is the hottest planet 6. Saturn: It has “giant rings around it”

It is formed by the Sun and

eight planets. 3. Earth: It is called the “blue planet”. 7. Uranus: It is the “coldest planet”

4. Mars: It is called the “ red planet”. 8. Neptune: It is the “furthest planet”

Solar System
Earth spins
A day: when the Sun´s rays
reach the planet.
Earth´s rotation

Earth spins on its axis which it

is inclined. This movement is
called “ROTATION”.
Earth takes 24 hours
to completely spin
around its axis.

A night: when Sun´s rays don´t

reach the planet.
* Axis: It is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.
 Earth orbits
Earth´s revolution / Translation

REVOLUTION is Earth´s
movement around the Sun.
It takes 365 days (one year)
to orbit around the Sun.
THE SEASONS
Because of Earth´s tilted axis, our
inclination towards the Sun
changes as Earth orbits the Sun.
This produces “THE SEASONS”.

Winter
Spring
It is very cold
It is warmer Summer Autumn because the Sun´s
GLOSSARY
and the days rays reach you less
*Hemisphere: get longer. There are strong The days are shorter. directly.
One half of a Sun´s rays because
sphere. they reach you It begins to get The days are short.
directly. It is very hot. colder.
* Tilted: Inclined.
 GLOSSARY

The Moon *Phase: Period, stage.

*Spherical: Like a ball.

The phases of the Moon

The Moon and Earth´s
The Moon orbits Depending on the Moon´s position in relation to Earth
and the Sun, we can see…:
tides

They attract each other

like magnets.
• It is the natural Waxing Moon
satellite that orbits Waning Moon New Moon
Earth.
Full Moon The Sun light up
The Sun light up the right side.
When the Sun
• It takes 28 days to When the the left side. High tide Low tide
doesn´t light up
orbit around Earth. Sun light up (It is getting
any part of the
all of the (It is getting bigger and
Moon.
• It takes around 29 Moon. smaller and bigger).
days to rotate on its smaller).
axis. So, we always
see the same side.
*When the Moon is not right above
you, there is low tide.

*when the Moon is right above you,

* Satellite: It is a spherical celestial body that orbits around a planet. It is non-luminous. there is a high tide.
 • Our solar system is just a small part of the universe.

• The universe is made up of all celestial bodies that exist: planets,

satellites, asteroids, stars, planetary, systems…

• Gases and dust also form part of the universe.

We are part
of the Our galaxy is called The Milky Way and it is a group of stars and
universe planetary system (Sun , stars, planets and satellites).

Most astronomers believe

the universe began with
the Big Bang ( a huge
explosion). The scientists and astronomers Space telescope: It goes into the
study the universe with … space and sends information and
photographs back to Earth .