IN PARTNERSHIP WITH:

GEODESY AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT
TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

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 GEODESY AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT
TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Hydrography: Field Practical Session

Pramuka Cay, Seribu Islands, SW Java Sea, Indonesia
26-28 October 2018
v
Booklet of Guide

Version: 03 | Date: 16 October 2018

Prepared by (in alphabetical order): Aziz AA, Faruq MTA, Meliala L,

Pratama Y, Virgiawan D

Prepared for: Hydrography I (GD3102) Course at the Undergraduate

Program in Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering

Contents
Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................... 3
ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................................................... 3
CONDUCT .................................................................................................................................................. 3
PERSONNEL.............................................................................................................................................. 4
DEVICES ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
LOCATION ................................................................................................................................................. 5
RUN DOWN ............................................................................................................................................... 6
SESSION...................................................................................................................................................... 7
DRESS CODE ............................................................................................................................................. 7
ACTIVITY POINT ..................................................................................................................................... 8
HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................... 9
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ....................................................................................................... 12
GROUP ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
MODULE A | TIDAL OBSERVATION / PENGAMATAN PASUT .............................................. 18
MODULE B | TRANSFER OF LEVEL/PENGIKATAN TINGGI .................................................. 19
MODULE C | DEPTH SOUNDING CALIBRATION/KALIBRASI KEDALAMAN ................... 20
MODULE D | MARINE SURFACE POSITIONING/PENENTUAN POSISI ............................. 21
HORIZONTAL .......................................................................................................................................... 21
MODULE E | DEPTH SOUNDING/PEMERUMAN ....................................................................... 22
MODULE F | BEACH PROFILING/PENGUKURAN PROFIL PANTAI ..................................... 23
CHECK LIST............................................................................................................................................. 24

Acknowledgement:
This event is conducted with in-kind
support from PT Geotronix
Pratama Indonesia

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PURPOSE
To facilitate the strengthening of conceptual understanding among students
on single beam echo sounding (in particular calibration of echo sounder
reading due to sound speed), tidal observation for sounding correction, and
transfer of level.

ACTIVITIES
Tide Observation | Manual reading of tide pole for correction of depth
sounding.
Transfer of Level | Transfer of zero gauge and tidal levels to a
reference point (tidal benchmark)
Depth Sounding | Calibration of depth reading using barcheck and
Calibration Sound Velocity Profiler
Marine Surface | Measurement of horizontal positioning during
Positioning depth sounding
Depth Sounding | Measurement of depth profiles by means of Single
Beam Echo Sounder
Beach Profiling | Cross shore survey of transition zone (i.e.
intertidal area)
CONDUCT
“We hereby admit to be part of our university vision, and oppose those
against it, to becoming a leading higher educational institute for the sake of
sovereignty, welfare, and serenity of our nation and the surrounding
region.”

E D I R
Excellence Dignity Independence Recognition
Perform above Innate to Not controlled Refer to
standard respect in opinion formerly known
Focus, Improve Contribution,
understand Show respect, literacy, learn understand
standard, listen have sense of now and every manner, do not
and speak crisis, on time, day, read refuse to play
properly, … do not waste thoroughly, … part, …
time, …

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PERSONNEL
Lecturer (15) | Dr.Ir. Agustinus Bambang Setyadji, Dr.rer.nat.
Poerbandono, Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata,
Ir. Samsul Bachri, Dr.Ir Eka Djunarsjah, Dr. Irwan
Gumilar, Dr. Heri Andreas, Dr.techn Dudy
Darmawan Wijaya, Dr. Deni Suwardhi, Dr. Riantini
Vitriana, Dr. Albertus Deliar, Dr.Ir. Agung Budi
Harto, Dr. Akhmad Riqqi, Dr. Budhy Soeksmantono,
Ir. Mipi Ananta Kusuma
Technician (3) | M. Id Fitrayana, Mohamad Gamal, Sopiyan
Academic | Difa Kusumadewi, Dr-Ing Hendy Suhandri
Assistants (2)
Course Asisstants | Ahmad Abdul Aziz, Dody Virgiawan, Litany Meliala,
(5) Muhammad Tezar Al Faruq, Yeremius Pratama,
Participants (98) | 98 students in 12 groups.

DEVICES
• Valeport Midas CTD
• GNSS Veripos/CNav
• SBES Odom MK3
• EIVA Navipac Acquisition and Navigation Software
• Garmin e-Track Hand Held GNSS Receiver
• Hypack 2014 Acquisition and Navigation Software
• Teledyne Odom Hydrotrack II Echosounder
• SVP AML Oceanographic/Base X
• GNSS Trimble Net R9
• Topcon AT-G6 Level
• Topcon 105/255 Electronic Total Station

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LOCATION
Pramuka Cay, Seribu Islands, South West of Java Sea, Indonesia.

Geography – It is situated just in the ‘bottom-left’ corner of world’s coral

triangle of the. It is a site where the underwater biodiversity is the richest
in the world. Despite its environmental and ecological values, the region
is experiencing threats due to global changes, regional pollution, and
local environmental destruction. The latter is basically addressed for
measure of adaptation. But due to mismanagement and incapability in
precisely understanding the characteristics, dynamics and changes of
both natural and anthropogenic factors, failure of adaptation practice is
detected.

Hydrography – The surrounding seafloor varies from 25m and may reach
70m. The tide is semi-diurnal and tidal range can be up to 0.8m. The
current is relatively calm with typical speed of 0.3m/s. Wave height is
about 0.5m to 1m, but it might reach 3m in extreme weather. Water
temperature is quite warm with typical value of 29°C. The salinity is
typical to common tropical waters. Visibility of water can reach up to
20m far up and horizontal in a very calm current and good weather. Coral
reefs growth quite densely in some area up to typically 15m depth.

Meteorology – The area is influenced by SE (May-September) and NW

(December-March) monsoons. Stronger winds and higher waves are
expected during NW monsoon. The best time for diving or snorkeling is
around mid year. The beaches are covered by sands and their extents are
dynamic. This is due to alternating wind-induced waves that produce
subsequent shifts of sands on coral cay along the primary axes of
monsoonal winds. These cause variability of shoreline positions on cays.

Geology – The site is complexes of patch reefs constructed by coral

platforms. Coral islands (cays) exist on top of several of them. The cays
are formerly accumulation of sediments originated from eroded corals.
This is due to 1000 years sea level fall 6000 years ago. The cays have only
several decimetres in heights and few of hectares in areas. Due to
plausible global warming, erosion is expected to exacerbate and

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threatening cay beach zones, as sea level rise facilitates wave to expand
to higher elevation landward. Recent setting on wind climate and the
scale of erosion in Seribu Islands are least known.

RUN DOWN

Friday, 26th October 2018

03.00-06.00 Transfer Bandung-Jakarta (Ancol)
06.00-09.30 Loading, Boarding, and Sailing
09.30-10.30 Arrival, Loading
10.30-11.30 Overall Briefing
11.30-13.30 Friday Pray
13.30-15.40 Session I
15.40-17.30 Session II
Saturday, 27th October 2018
06.30-08.20 Session III
08.20-10.10 Session IV
10.10-11.50 Session V
11.50-13.30 Break
13.30-16.50 Cultural Event
Sunday, 28th October 2018
09.50-12.45 Field Briefing, Closing, and Loading
12.45-20.00 Transfer Pramuka-Bandung

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SESSION

GROUP I GROUP II
SESSION
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
I CDE CDE A F B A CDE CDE A F B A
II B A F B B A F B
III A F CDE CDE A F A F CDE CDE A F
IV B A CDE CDE B A CDE CDE
V F B F B F B F B

A: Tidal Observation | B: Transfer of Level | C: Depth Sounding

Calibration | D: Marine Surface Positioning | E: Depth Sounding | F: Beach
Profiling

DRESS CODE

Day Dress code

Friday, 26th October 2018 IMG-Field Shirt
Saturday, 27th October 2018 Long-sleeved Shirt
Sunday, 28th October 2018 2016 T-Shirt

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ACTIVITY POINT

C,D,E F
B
A

A = Tidal Observation
B = Transfer of Level
C = Depth Sounding Calibration
D = Marine Surface Positioning
E = Depth Sounding
F = Beach Profiling

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 GEODESY AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM
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TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT

We are all obliged to zero damage, loss, injury, and death. Hazards are
made known. Preventions are encouraged.

Prepare jacket or long-sleeves shirt, sunglasses, hat or

Sun
sunblock-lotion to prevent heat stroke.

Prepare and use the raincoat or umbrella, and take

shelter to the nearest canopy. Evacuate the tools tidily, if
Rain
not feasible, cover the tools with plastic or waterproof
material.

Bring your own medicine. Let your surroundings know

Personal your weakness. Bring jacket or warm cloth if you cannot
resist cold. Do not depend on others.

Manage the visit well during bad weather. Pay attention

Weather
to weather warning.

Understand your way along the boat. Follow safety

instructions and make emergency exit and safety
Sailing
equipments known to you. Relax and stay positive. Stay
away from panicking people. Keep praying faithfully.

Understand the basic technique. Do it at least in pair or in

Snorkeling a group and make sure you have a competent local guide
with you. Add safety equipment when necessary.

Be very efficient with your luggage. Limit your hand carry

Belonging
up to only three things.

Do not dive unless you have a diving license. Never dive

Diving alone. Make sure you are accompanied by a local dive
master.

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The poison of marine animals can kill you twice! Marine

snake, stone fish, red sea fan, sea urchin, and sting ray are
common at site. Never get close to them. Do not ever try
Bite, Sting to touch them. Wear proper protection (i.e. sandals,
bootie, wetsuit) along with your activities on the beach
and at the ocean. Never try to get around without
carefulness.

Smile and be friendly to local people is not hazardous. Do

not feed fish or any animals. Do not throw garbage to the
ocean, even if it is degradable. Never make fun out in the
Polite
ocean. Do not speak something bad, cruel, or arrogant.
Guests
Use fresh water efficiently. Use electricity wisely. Never
do any vandalism. Never take anything, move anything, or
break anything from the ocean. Use your camera wisely.

Corals need 1 year to grow up to only 1 cm (thousands of

life live in it!) and you only need less than 1’ to break it
Corals even more than 1 cm. Never step on corals. Do not touch
them.

When the bus is moving, do not walk in the bus for

unnecessary things to prevent from falling or being
injured. In case of an accident, don't panic and go out from
Bus the bus through the door carefully or break the glass if
you are not feasible to go out through the door. Use fire
extinguisher in case of fire.

If any accidents happen, stay calm and follow the accident

procedure on the boat. Call for help if you see someone
Boat
fall from the boat and throw the buoy.

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Stay in an open area away from any building, power line,

trees, or roadways. If you are inside a building, do not
Earthquake panic and go out carefully. Do not use the lift and use the
stair instead. Tell the securities after the earthquake and
call for medical help if needed.

Stay calm, turn on the fire alert and call the fire
Fire department or use the fire extinguisher if feasible. Shut
off the electricity and evacuate the people in the area.

Move to higher and safer grounds. Turn off all electrical

equipment. Do not walk through the flooded areas. Wait
Floods
for further instructions on immediate action and do not
return to the building if you have been evacuated.

If someone is injured or becomes ill, stay calm and call for

help. Dial the hospital if needed or call the assistant. Do
Medical not move the victim unless there is a danger of further
injury.
Comfort the victim until emergency medical until arrive.

Stay calm, turn on the fire alert and call the fire
Emergency department or use the fire extinguisher if feasible. Shut
off the electricity and evacuate the people in the area.

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 GEODESY AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Emergency contact list:
Basarnas : (021) 6570 1116
Ambulance : 118
Police : 110
Fire Departement : 113
Local Event Coordinator (Mr. : 081319551955
Untung Supriyanto)
Assistant coordinator (Dody : 085888777142
Virgiawan)

Command line:

Local Event
Coordinator

Assistant
Coordinator

Group
Leader(s)

The command line is used for emergencies that needs immediate help,
can disturb the whole activity, and is out of the subject’s (person in
danger or affiliated) control.

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GROUP

Group Role NIM NAME

1 Lead 15116074 Ahmad Syauki Asshiddiqie
Logistic 15116063 Hafizh Muhammad Yudhaifha
Member 15116001 Irmaditha Intan Amalia

15116018 Hafidz Akbar Faudzan

15116037 Emanuel Yoshua Eleison

15116053 Thalia Helena Imelda Gurning

15116072 Crescenawan Arta Putra Pranjana

15116094 Saga Maulana

2 Lead 15116077 Muhammad Farhan Farohi

Logistic 15116069 Obedh Try Samekto Sidabutar
Member 15116016 Dewi Ratna Ningrum

15116019 Nafandra Syabana Lubis

15116042 Sita Divana Dewi

15116059 Bryan Agrisendi Manurung

15116078 Aries Riky T Kurniawan

15116090 Irfan Ibrahim

3 Lead 15116079 Ihsan

Logistic 15116050 Zachary Afif
Member 15116007 Fyskhy Ravael Ervandri

15116028 Imroatul Malikah

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15116041 Haikal Zamzami

15116061 Dionisius Arung Muara Wibisono

15116076 Alqinthara Nuraghnia

15116046 Willy Widyatmaka Ardi

4 Lead 15116087 Rizky Sergie Harriz

Logistic 15116100 Virgiawan Putra Mahendra
Member 15116014 Silverius Sigalingging

15116020 Putia Chairunnisa

15116049 Fitria Maharani

15116065 Andre Mual Margandra Siotang

15116071 Samuel Van Livtrik Lumangaol

5 Lead 15116092 Satrio Ramadanto

Logistic 15116052 Farizan Muhammad Hashfi
Member 15116017 Sudarsono Sianipar

15116023 Nurrusshohbah Ainul Izzah

15116047 Fajri Ardiansyah

15116056 Siti Rahmah Rusdi

15116082 Dephita Vega Koswara

15116099 Venry Romual Silaban

15116062 Aji Dwi Nugroho

6 Lead 15116026 Akhmad Abrar Al-Arsyi Hendana

Logistic 15116010 Alfinsyah Suhendra

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Member 15116002 Riffa Puspita Sari

15116029 Arif Rahman

15116038 Ekselutomo Karim Arrasyid

15116051 Agidia Lulu Tiaratama

15116073 Muhammad Hafidz Fauzan

15116098 Wira Selviana Harefa

7 Lead 15116031 Edna Akbar Dwiguna

Logistic 15116009 Aditya Zufar Mahendra Gunawan
Member 15116012 Prasetyo Susilo Trikuncoro

15116021 Winda Lestari Siadari

15116044 Fadhil Abryanto nugraha

15116066 Dea Zulfia

15116091 Ajeng Siti Noorrahmah

15116085 M Naufal Mahdy

15116086 Muhammad Sutan Syauqi F G

8 Lead 15116027 Hamdani

Logistic 15116024 Derderian A Bainus
Member 15116003 Devi Permata Embunsari

15116033 Zafanya Abigail Artanauli

15116055 Muhammad Ariq Naufal

15116070 Andriansyah Putra

15116080 Rifky Yusuf Ananta

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15116096 Dini Fitriana Wulandari

9 Lead 15116064 Putra Dwipriadi

Logistic 15116004 Kevin Yudhistira Suranta
Member Godfried Junio Sebastian
15116015
Matahelemual
15116011 Ghalizha Zahra Izzaty

15116035 Dhira Yovenia

15116068 Mirza Veriandi

15116083 Michael Surung Faberius Malau

15116095 Andrianto Mahardika

15116058 Retno Dammayatri

10 Lead 15116005 Jeremy Haposan Limbong

Logistic 15116043 Leonardus Berlianto Setiawan
Member 15116008 Enggartiasto

15116032 Fathiya Rahmi

15116048 Sandri Eikel Ginting

15116067 Muhammad Irham

15116084 Gistya Chairunniza

15116097 Safriana Afifatul Mustadifah

11 Lead 15116036 Gigih Pambudi

Logistic 15116025 Dimas Febrian Mirzadiningrat
Member 15116006 Endah Nuraswiputri

15116030 Muhammad Triargi

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15116039 Angelica Tamada Putri

15116060 Moh Nur Abadi

15116081 Fajar Fadilah Haris

15116093 Achmad Ikbal Rahadian

12 Lead 15116088 Irfan Budaya

Logistic 15116054 Walid Ramadhan Hanibaldy
Member 15116013 Aprilia Nidia Rinasti

15116022 Fathin Nurzaman

15116045 Muhammad Rafly Alif

15116057 Aulia Rahma

15116075 Visi Saujadani

15116089 Muhammad Farhan Rialdi

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MODULE A | TIDAL OBSERVATION / PENGAMATAN PASUT

Tide is vertical rising and falling of sea level due to tide generating forces.
Tide generating forces are the resultant of force due to celestial bodies’
attractions (earth and moon system) and the centrifugal force of rotation
of moon-earth system. Tide observation is used to establish tidal datum
and correction of depth sounding. Tide is observed by measuring
temporal changes of sea level by recording water level reading in hourly
interval or shorter. Time and the corresponding height of water level will
the primary data collected from tide observation. Tide can be observed
by means of manual observation using mechanical tool, e.g. tide pole
(Figure 1). A tide pole must be initially installed. Make sure the pole will
never completely be drowned or dried. This can be done by aligning the
pole to tidal range. Height of water level (with respect to zero gauge) is
observed by reading the scale of its interception with the pole.

Tide Pole

High Water
Attached
to a fix
structure Tidal Range

Low Water
Zero Gauge
Figure 1. Observation of tide by using a tide pole (scaled bar) attached
to a fix structure and vertically aligned to capture range of tide

INSTRUCTION: Observe changes of water level at least at half-hourly basis

or more frequent along with time. Notice that the reading is with respect to
the zero gauge.

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MODULE B | TRANSFER OF LEVEL/PENGIKATAN TINGGI

Level refers to height of a particular surface with respect to a vertical

reference. Transfer of level is an activity to define any levels to any given
references by means of spirit levelling. The purpose of such an activity is
to define zero level of a tide gauge in reference to land (with respect to a
tidal bench mark) or to define the height of a bench mark with respect to
known tidal datum. This activity is required to reconstruct the zero level
of a temporary tidal station. A temporary tidal station could be lost,
displaced, or broken. Between zero gauge and tidal benchmark, (Figure
2) spirit levelling for transfer of level is done by reading their height
difference. The reading of height difference between tidal benchmark
and known tidal levels is used to define height relation between them.

Tidal Benchmark
Tide Station

High Water
Height Difference
between
Zero Gauge and Tidal Range
Tidal Benchmark

Low Water
Zero Gauge

Figure 2. Difference of levels between tidal benchmark and zero gauge

INSTRUCTION: Transfer the reading of tide to local Mean Sea Level (MSL)
and Chart Datum (CD) which was defined as the level of Lowest
Astronomical Tide (LAT). LAT is 5.36 m below the ultrasonic zero gauge
level of the permanent tide station. MSL is 0.64 m above CD.

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MODULE C | DEPTH SOUNDING CALIBRATION/KALIBRASI KEDALAMAN

Acoustic depth measurement relies on detection of elapsed time that an

acoustic pulse takes to travel from a transducer to water column, bottom
(seabed), and return (see: Equation 1). Sound velocity in water should be
known to obtain correct depth. It varies with water temperature, salinity,
and pressure. Sound velocity can be measured directly using a velocity
probe such as Sound Velocity Profiler (SVP) or Conductivity
Temperature Depth (CTD) or indirectly by means of bar check
calibration. CTD (and SVP) measures water properties (i.e. temperature,
salinity, pressure) for the calculation of sound speed by using an
empirical equation. Bar check is a metal plate lowered down to water
column below the transducer with help of marked chain. It provides
sound reflector at known depths (Figure 3) from which speed of
underwater sound can be obtained:
2𝑑
𝑐= (1)
∆𝑡

Best sound speed is keyed in to echo sounder so that its depth matches
the known one from the bar check.

Transducer
Face
Known
Depth

Metal
Figure 3. Bar check for calibration
Plate of sound speed

INSTRUCTION: Use SVP and bar check to estimate the best speed of sound
for depth sounding.

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MODULE D | MARINE SURFACE POSITIONING/PENENTUAN POSISI

HORIZONTAL

During the sounding in addition to the collection of depth data, one also
needs to record the corresponding time and horizontal position. Time is
required in appliying tidal correction and horizontal position is required
to enable plotting of all observed depths on the map.

In the case of horizontal positioning for the purpose of navigation and

positioning nowadays, a sounding boat is usually or can be equipped by
GNSS technology. The GNSS technology shall be best based upon
differential system. It may a system that relies on real-time kinematic,
wide-area, or precise point positioning technology.

On-board, a GNSS technology could appear as just an antenna and a

receiver. One shall ensure that teh correct position is as signed to the
transducer. GNSS antenna shall be thus mounted just in the same point
where the tranducer is. Otherwise, the offset between the transducer and
the GNSS antenna must be known and defined according to the socalled
boat coordinate system (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Boat coordinate system with the Centre of Gravity (CoG) that
coinciding the origin.

INSTRUCTION : Identify if the GNSS antenna is located at the exactly the

same point of the transducer, otherwise prepare the boat coordinate
system to document the offset of the GNSS antenna. Verify that time offset
between sounding and positioning devices does not exist.

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MODULE E | DEPTH SOUNDING/PEMERUMAN

Sounding of depth is the use of hydroacoustics (underwater sound) to

observe vertical range from sea surface to seabed. An echo sounder, i.e.
Single Beam (SBES), Multi Beam (MBES), emits short sound pulses
vertically down to the water column and tag the time of the returning
echoes. Time interval ( t) between emission of sound pulses and return
of echoes is recorded, which is used to determine depth of water (d) with
known speed of sound (c):
1
𝑑 = 𝑐. ∆𝑡 (2)
2
Sounding of depth involves horizontal (GNSS) positioning and tidal
observation (Figure 5). The purpose of depth sounding is to collect depth
data along several parallel sounding lines for generating bathymetric
map.

GNSS Antenna
Tide Tidal
Survey Station Benchmark
Boat
Instantaneous sea level
Tidal Correction
Chart Datum

Zero Gauge
Charted Observed
Depth Depth

Seabed

Figure 5. Sounding of depth using echo sounder and the supporting

observations, i.e. horizontal positioning, tidal observation

INSTRUCTION: Execute two (or three) lines of depth sounding using

SBES.

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MODULE F | BEACH PROFILING/PENGUKURAN PROFIL PANTAI

Beach profiling is measuring changes of elevation of transition zone, i.e.

an area between lines of rise and fall of the tide. This is done by
measuring height difference between two points using spirit levelling.
The purpose of beach profiling is to collect data in area which is not
covered by echo sounding from a survey boat (Figure 6). The profile
represents terrain of height differences between points along a path
connecting to a sounding line.

a b
High Water

hab=b –a

Beach Profile
between a and b Low Water

Transition Zone

Figure 6. Profiling of beach slope in the inter-tidal zone

INSTRUCTION: Define lateral profile of beach connecting to a sounding

line at spatial interval acceptable for the scale of the map.

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CHECK LIST

2018

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GEODESY AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT
TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

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