Factors that gave birth to Philippine
Nationalism:
1. Influx of liberal ideas from abroad
2. The Spanish Revolution of 1868
3. The opening of the Suez Canal
4. The Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
► Ideologies from the French and American
Revolution contained in books and newspapers
streamed into the country
► When the Philippines was opened to world
trade, the liberal ideas of Europe and America
influenced the Filipinos to look at their
deplorable situation and ask for reforms.
1868
►Spain was swept by a revolution led by
Generals Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano
against Isabella II
February 12, 1873
The First Spanish Republic was established
Opening of the Suez Canal
-By shortening the route between Spain and
Manila, the Philippines was brought closer to
Europe.
-More Spaniards and other
European travelers reached the
Philippines which promoted the
spread of liberal ideas.
Suez Canal:
Opened on November 17, 1869
103 miles long
Trip from Barcelona to Manila:
32 days
The triumph of liberalism in Spain spread
across the seas to its colonies
►The Filipinos came to experience the effects
of a liberal regime: freedom of speech, freedom
of press, freedom of assembly and other human
rights.
Colonial officials with democratic ideas and
sentiments were sent to Manila…
 General Carlos Ma. De la Torre
-took office on June 23, 1869
-Democratic
- Lived without extravagance
ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. Abolished strict censorship of the press
2. Fostered free discussion of political
problems
3. Suppressed flogging as punishment for
desertion by Filipino soldiers
Substitute: 1 month imprisonment
4. Peaceful settlement of agrarian trouble
in Cavite
In 1822, Luis Parang led an agrarian
revolt which spread to Imus, Kawit,
Silang, Calamba, and other towns which
was put down by Governor Ricafort in
1828.
Another uprising flared up under
Eduardo Camerino years later.
Governor de la Torre went to Imus,
Cavite and had a conference with
Camerino, pardoned Camerino and his
followers and appointed them as
members of a new police force called
Guias de la Torre (Aides of de la Torre)
 Liberalism and Filipino Patriots
The success of the Spanish Revolution
and de la Torre’s liberal regime
encouraged Filipinos to discuss political
matters and reforms. They formed an
Organization called the “Committee on
Reformers”
Committee on Reformers had three
divisions:
1. Clergy- GOMBURZA
2. Laymen- merchants and lawyers
3. Students- Paciano Rizal, Felipe
Buencamino
4. Buencamino led student
demonstrations against the
Dominicans for better classroom
instruction, academic freedom and
fair treatment of Filipino students.
He was Arrested on October 18,
1869.
General Rafael de Izquierdo
January 22, 1872 – survivors were subdued,
taken prisoner, and brought to Manila
January 27, 1872 – approved death
sentence on 41 mutineers
Father Burgos, Gomez, Zamora, and other priest
were alleged
February 6, 1872 – 11 were condemned to
death but the governor commuted it to life
imprisonment
February 8, 1872 – Camarino was sentenced to
die and eleven of the Guias de la Torre were
each given a ten-year prison sentence ; others
were exiled to Guam
 The execution of the three priests (
Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) hastened
the growth of Filipino nationalism

x Disapproval of the school of arts and

trades
x Revived the censorship of the press
x Banned all talk of political rights
x Banned the Filipinization of the parishes
x Dismissed high ranking half-breeds and
Filipino in the civil and military
administrators
x Abolished the exemption from tribute
and forced labor
x Looked with suspicion on all Filipinos

Cavite Mutiny

January 20, 1872 – 200 soldiers and Filipinos

mutinied
January 21,1872 – troops of Don Ginoves
rushed to Cavite