ASSIGNMENT PROJECT

STAGE-1, AUTONOMOUS PARALLEL PARKING SYSTEM

AIM: TO CHECK WHETHER PARALLEL PARKING IS POSSIBLE AND STOP THE VEHICLE

APPARATUS:
● ARDUINO UNO
● BREAD BOARD
● 5V DC MOTOR
● JUMPER WIRES
● HC-SR04 SENSOR
● PN2222 A NPN TRANSISTOR
● 1KΩ RESISTOR
● 1N404 DIODE

APPLICATION: THIS CONCEPT CAN BE USED IN AUTOMOBILES TO CHECK IF IT IS

POSSIBLE TO ACTUATE AUTOMATIC PARALLEL PARKING SYSTEM

THEORY: THIS APPLICATION IS SIMPLE JUST BY USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR

WITH AN ARDUINO KIT TO MEASURE PARKING SLOT LENGTH AND BREADTH AND
DECIDE WHETHER THE AREA AVAILABLE IS ENOUGH TO SAFELY PARK THE CAR.
TRIG PIN AND ECHO PIN OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR IS CONNECTED TO PIN 2 AND 4
RESPECTIVELY. THE CAR MOTOR IS CONNECTED TO PIN 7, VIA THE BASE OF THE
TRANSISTOR.
ARDUINO CODE:

CONST INT TRIGPIN = 2;

CONST INT ECHOPIN = 4;

CONST INT MOTOR = 7;

INT COUNT = 0;

VOID SETUP() {

SERIAL.BEGIN(9600);

DIGITALWRITE(MOTOR,HIGH);

VOID LOOP()

LONG DURATION, INCHES, CM;

PINMODE(TRIGPIN, OUTPUT);

PINMODE(ECHOPIN, INPUT);

// CLEARS THE TRIGPIN

DIGITALWRITE(TRIGPIN, LOW);

DELAYMICROSECONDS(2);

// SETS THE TRIGPIN ON HIGH STATE FOR 10 MICRO SECONDS

DIGITALWRITE(TRIGPIN, HIGH);

DELAYMICROSECONDS(10);

DIGITALWRITE(TRIGPIN, LOW);

// READS THE ECHOPIN, RETURNS THE SOUND WAVE TRAVEL TIME IN MICROSECONDS

DURATION = PULSEIN(ECHOPIN, HIGH);

INCHES = MICROSECONDSTOINCHES(DURATION);

CM = MICROSECONDSTOCENTIMETERS(DURATION);

SERIAL.PRINT(INCHES);

SERIAL.PRINT("IN, ");

SERIAL.PRINT(CM);

SERIAL.PRINT("CM");

SERIAL.PRINTLN();

DELAY(100);

IF (CM > 15)

COUNT+=1;

}
ELSE

{ COUNT = 0;

IF( COUNT>=20)

SERIAL.PRINT("PARALLEL PARKING IS POSSIBLE");

DIGITALWRITE(MOTOR,LOW);

LONG MICROSECONDSTOINCHES(LONG MICROSECONDS)

RETURN MICROSECONDS / 74 / 2;

LONG MICROSECONDSTOCENTIMETERS(LONG MICROSECONDS)

RETURN MICROSECONDS / 29 / 2;

WORKING AND PRECAUTIONS:

PRECAUTIONS:
● ADDING A COMMON GROUND TO SIMPLIFY THE CIRCUIT
● ENSURE THE CONNECTIONS ARE TIGHT AND ULTRA SONIC SENSORS
ARE IN WORKING CONDITIONS
● ENSURE ALL DC MOTORS ARE IN WORKING CONDITIONS
● MAKE SURE THE RESISTENCE AND OTHER CALCULATIONS ARE DONE
PROPERLY TO ENSURE PROPER WORKING OF ALL DEVICES

PROBLEMS FACED AND IT’S SOLUTION:

DIRECTLY CONNECTING THE MOTOR TO THE ARDUINO RESULTED IN FAILURE
AS THE CURRENT WAS NOT HIGH ENOUGH TO RUN IT .THIS WAS OVERCOME
BY THE USE OF AN NPN TRANSISTOR WITH THE BASE CONNECTED TO THE
ARDUINO, THE EMITTER IS GROUNDED AND THE MOTOR IS CONNECTED TO
THE COLLECTOR AND THE POSTIVE POWER SUPPLY, A DIODE IS CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL TO THE MOTOR IN ORDER TO PREVENT BACK CURRENT FROM
DAMAGING THE BOARD
 OBSERVATIONS:

THESE ARE THE READINGS FROM THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR

CONCLUSION: THE EXPERIMENT OF MOTOR CONTROL USING HC-SR04 SENSOR HAS

BEEN PERFORMED.