● Valdez, A., & Sifaneck, S. J. (1997). Drug tourists and drug policy on the U.S.

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mexican border: An ethnographic investigation of the acquisition of prescription drugs.
Journal of Drug Issues, 27(4), 879-897.
Keywords- prescription drugs, drug trafficking, drug abuse, Mexico America border

This article talks about how people are defending the four step prescription drug process and
getting drugs. Investigating is the only way to find out the real truth. Detectives conduct
interviews to try to get people to confess what they know if anything. Mexico has a system that
provides relatively open access to potentially dangerous prescription drugs, contrary to the more
closed system of the United States (Casner and Guerra 1992). Tight American prescription
control laws make it costly in both time and money for recreational drug users to obtain
prescription drugs. they want to try to see if there’s an actual way to stop drug addicts from
getting drugs without the process. The study has shown that woman been involved in sex work
from the age of 13 and they been catching infections but most are catching other infections from
substance abuse which is causing sexual work for money for the substances.

● Ojeda, V. D., Robertson, A. M., Hiller, S. P., Lozada, R., Cornelius, W., Palinkas, L. A., .
. . Strathdee, S. A. (2011). A qualitative view of drug use behaviors of mexican male
injection drug users deported from the united states. Journal of Urban Health, 88(1), 104-
117. doi:10.1007/s11524-010-9508-7. Keywords: substance use,
deportation, migration, Mexico, qualitative research
“Drug use affects males disproportionately: in Baja California, 13.9% of males reported
any illicit drug use during their lifetime (vs. 4.6% of women)”p(150). Men feel as if they
have nothing to live for so a way out is substance abuse. They used IUD studies and
qualitative interviews to actually get into a males head. They want to see how many men
actually used drugs not only in one country but if it continued through their lifetime.
“Deportees would benefit from binational collaborations to reduce illicit drug use and the
transmission of blood-borne infections (p.114)”.

● Moya, Eva M., and Michele G. Shedlin. "Policies and Laws Affecting Mexican-Origin
Immigrant Access and Utilization of Substance Abuse Treatment: Obstacles to Recovery
and Immigrant Health." Substance use & Misuse, vol. 43, no. 12-13, 2008, pp. 1747-
 1769. Keywords: drug user treatment, immigration policies, Mexico-origin
immigrants, United States-Mexico border
This article reports the results of a study carried out with 30 Mexican-origin immigrants in drug
user treatment in the United States-Mexico Border city of El Paso, Texas during 2007.
Interviews were conducted to see what factors affect the delivery and utilization of treatment
centers. “The research provides initial data for evidence-based intervention and reinforces the
need for culturally and gender appropriate treatment services for poor immigrants and their
families(1)”. The interview showed the most commonly used drug substance was alcohol and
cocaine very close with it.

● Maxwell, Jane C., et al. "Drug use and Risk of HIV/AIDS on the Mexico-US Border: A
Comparison of Treatment Admissions in both Countries." Drug and Alcohol
Dependence, vol. 82, 2006, pp. S85-S93. Keywords:Substance abuse, treatment Mexico
USA, HIV/AIDS,Methamphetamine ICE
Aids/hiv increase along the border for many different reasons. Increases from drug injections
range from 6%-16%. Increases from straight sex ranges from 6%-24%. Increases from gay sex
range from 44%-68%. Analyses used baseline data to see amount of meth used, alcohol used and
other illicit drugs used. Results showed most people who were using the substances were male,
caucasian, high school educated, never married, unemployed, and living with other adults. “29%
of the sample reported having one or more STDS in the past two months using the
substances’’(808). Many others reported having some form of hepatitis.

● Nowotny, K. M., Cepeda, A., Perdue, T., Negi, N., & Valdez, A. (2017). Risk
environments and substance use among mexican female sex work on the U.S.–Mexico
border. Journal of Drug Issues, 47(4), 528-542. doi:10.1177/0022042616678609
Keywords-Substance abuse, mexican female, sex work, us.mexico border
Sex risk behaviors are a major role in HIV infections. Sex workers previous lives
influence their health. HIV is transferred more through individual to individual and
spreads a lot more throughout groups. HIV rates are increasing drastically especially
through sex workers. “Life history interviews were conducted with 109 Mexican female
sex workers in Nuevo Laredo (n = 45) and Ciudad Juarez (n = 64). The life history
instrument was designed to provide quantitative and qualitative data through the use of
open- and closed-ended questions(7th paragraph)”.