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Stator: is the fixed part of a rotary machine and one of the two fundamental elements for
the transmission of power (in the case of electric motors).
Bolts: he bolt is a metal part that can have different lengths. It is a union element.
Girdles: The strips are elements that allow the aerodynamic movement in the machines.
Electromagnetism: Part of physics that studies the relationships between magnetism and
electricity.
Fuels: is any material capable of releasing energy when it is violently oxidized with the
release of heat.
Pliers: Tool for tightening nuts or bending wires consisting of a kind of metal pliers with two
arms crossed and articulated by an axis and with strong, flat or conical tips.
Pistons: to one of the basic elements of the internal combustion engine.
Thermodynamics: Part of physics that studies the mechanical action of heat and other
forms of energy.
Hydrostatic: Part of the mechanics that studies the balance of liquids and gases.
Solar panels: A solar panel or solar module is a device that captures the energy of solar
radiation for its use.
Lubrication: is the process or technique used to reduce the friction between two surfaces
that are very close.
Refrigeration: is a process that consists of lowering or maintaining the heat level of a body
or a space.
Electric motor: is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by means
of the action of magnetic fields.
Turbines: is a hydraulic motor turbomachine that takes advantage of the energy of a fluid
that passes through it to produce a rotation movement that, transferred by an axis, directly
moves a machine or an electric generator that transforms the mechanical energy into
electric.
Energy: Ability to produce matter in the form of movement, light, heat, etc.
Sensors: is an electronic device that converts physical quantities that can be pressure,
temperature, etc. and turn it into an electrical signal.
Chassis: is the fixed part of a machine or a car that supports the entire structure of the
machine.
Short circuit: Sudden increase in intensity in the electrical current of a facility due to the
direct connection of two conductors of different phase.
Wind Energy: It is a renewable energy source that uses the force of the wind to generate
electricity.
Tidal Energy: This is obtained by taking advantage of the tides: by using an alternator, the
system can be used to generate electricity, transforming tidal energy into electrical energy,
a more secure and usable form of energy.
Kinetic Energy: It is defined as the work necessary to accelerate a body of a determined
mass from rest to the indicated speed. Once this energy is achieved during acceleration, the
body maintains its kinetic energy unless its speed changes.
Potential Energy: Is the ability of a body to perform a job according to the configuration that
holds in the system of bodies that exert forces on each other, that is, the potential energy is
the energy that is capable of generating a job as a consequence of the position of a body.
Static: It is a branch of physics, which studies the bodies at rest and the forces that act on
the object.
Friction force: It is that force that goes against the movement of the object, produced by
factors such as friction, wind, etc.
Density: It is a scalar physical quantity that measures mass per unit volume; it is a property
of matter.
Temperature: Scalar physical magnitude that measures the degree of molecular agitation.
Thermometric scales: These are thermometric ranges to measure relative and absolute
temperature such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin and Rankin.
Heat: It is a type of thermal energy; it is the transfer of energy between two bodies.
Specific heat: It is a physical quantity that is defined as the amount of heat that must be
supplied to the mass unit of a substance, to raise its temperature by one unit.
Isobaric Process: It is a thermodynamic process, where the constant pressure, and there
is a variation of volume and therefore the system does work.
Isócoro Process: Also called isovolumétrico, is a system of constant volume, this implies
that the process does not work.
Isothermal process: It is a process where the temperature is constant, where the internal
energy is equal to zero, therefore the work is equal to the variation of heat.
Adiabatic process: It is a process where a fluid that does work, does not exchange heat
with its environment, means that the variation of heat is equal to zero.
Electrostatics: It is the branch of Physics that analyzes the mutual effects that occur
between bodies as a consequence of their electrical charge, that is, the study of electric
charges in equilibrium.
Elemental charge: Is the smallest charge that exists in the universe and corresponds to the
charge of the electron.
Voltage: Also called electric potential, it is the physical capacity where it expels electrons
along the conductor, where it conducts electrical energy with greater or lesser power.
Electrical resistance: It is the difficulty offered by any body of a certain material to the
passage of electric current, in conclusion depends on the type of material.
Alloy: Alloy is the process and consequence of alloying. This action, in turn, alludes to
melting certain elements to achieve the product known just as an alloy, which is formed by
two or more components of which at least one is a metal.
Metals: They are elements of the periodic table, which are characterized by being good
conductors of electric current and heat.
Lathes: A set of machines and tools that allow machining, threading, cutting, trapezing,
drilling, rolling, grinding and grooving pieces of geometric shape by revolution.
Radiator: Is a heat exchanger, a device without moving parts or flames, intended for the
contribution of heat of any element or room.
Clutch: It is a system that allows to transmit a mechanical energy to its final action. In a car,
for example, it allows controlling the transmission of power from the engine to the wheels.
Convection: Is one of the three forms of heat transfer and is characterized because it is
produced by means of a fluid (air, water) that transports heat between areas with different
temperatures.
Thermal relays: These are the most used devices to protect the motors against weak and
prolonged overloads.
Assembly of industrial equipment: It is the process by which each piece is placed in its
final position within a structure. These pieces can be made of different materials such as
metal and concrete structures.
Batteries: A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy; by a
transitory chemical process, after which its activity ceases and its constituent elements have
to be renewed, since its characteristics are altered during it.
Arduino: It is an open source hardware and software platform, based on a simple board
with inputs and outputs, analog and digital, in a development environment that is based on
the programming language.
Welding: It is a fixing process where the union of two or more pieces of a material, (usually
metals or thermoplastics), in which the pieces are welded by melting.
High voltage cables: It is a cable that is used for transmission of electrical energy in high
voltage. A cable includes a conductor and an insulation, and is used for underground and
submarine sections.
Low voltage cables: They are designed to withstand the specific conditions of both
installation and operation in electrical power distribution, so that it is performed safely and
reliably.
Electron: It is a subatomic particle with a negative elemental electric charge. It has a mass
that is approximately 1836 times smaller than that of the proton, it is considered an
elementary particle.
Gravitational field: It is a field of forces that represents gravity, can be defined as the force
per unit mass that will experience a point particle in the presence of a mass distribution.
Tangential Acceleration: It is the product of the angular acceleration and the radius of the
circle. That is to say, the tangential acceleration in the instant (t0) is a vector that is on the
tangent of the point of the circumference and whose sense is equal to the one of rotation.
Ionic character: It is represented by the ionic bond, which consists of the connection of
metals with non-metals, obtaining characteristics as a good conductor of the electric current.
Technology: It is the science applied to the resolution of concrete problems. It constitutes
a set of scientifically ordered knowledge, which allows to design and create goods or
services that facilitate the adaptation to the environment and the satisfaction of the essential
needs and desires of humanity.
Terminal box: It protects the motor connections and is mounted on the top or on one side,
it is part of the design of the motor and it is to make the connections with the power supply
cables.
Motor pumps: These are machines used to bring the flow of water to another sector through
pressure and force.
Corrosion: It is a chemical reaction product of the union of the metal with oxygen; it is the
deterioration of the metallic object due to the environment due to the presence of oxygen.
Oxide: It is the chemical compound that arises with the combination of oxygen and a metal
or a metalloid. It is also known as oxide to the layer of different colors that is formed on the
surface of metals by oxidation.
Boiling point: It is that temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
vapor pressure of the medium in which it is located. Colloquially, it is said to be the
temperature at which matter changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
Melting point: It is the temperature at which the equilibrium of solid-liquid phases is found,
that is to say, the matter passes from solid state to liquid state, it melts. It should be noted
that the phase change occurs at a constant temperature.
Malleability: It is a specific property of matter, which only occurs in solids and are
transformed into thin sheets.
Ductility: It is a specific property of matter, which only occurs in solids and can be
transformed into fine threads.
Tenacity: It is the property that has a body to show resistance to breakage, fractioning,
sectioning, etc. The tenacious bodies do not break before an impact.
Gasolina: Líquido volátil, inflamable y de olor característico, que está constituido por una
mezcla de hidrocarburos y se obtiene por destilación fraccionada del petróleo bruto; se
emplea como combustible en los motores de combustión interna y como disolvente.
Petróleo: Sustancia compuesta por una mezcla de hidrocarburos, de color oscuro y olor
fuerte, de color negro y más ligera que el agua, que se encuentra en estado natural en
yacimientos subterráneos de los estratos superiores de la corteza terrestre.
GLP: El gas licuado del petróleo (GLP) es la mezcla de gases licuados presentes en el
gas natural o disuelto en el petróleo. Lleva consigo procesos físicos y químicos por
ejemplo el uso de metano. Los componentes del GLP, aunque a temperatura y presión
ambientales son gases, son fáciles de licuar, de ahí su nombre. En la práctica, se puede
decir que los GLP son una mezcla de propano y butano.
Circuito paralelo: Se habla de una conexión en paralelo de un circuito recorrido por una
corriente eléctrica, cuando varios conductores o elementos están conectados en paralelo,
o más bien, con sus extremos comunes.
Estator: Es la parte fija de una máquina rotativa y uno de los dos elementos fundamentales
para la transmisión de potencia (en el caso de los motores eléctricos).
Pernos: El perno es una pieza de metal que puede tener diferentes longitudes. Es un
elemento de unión.
Fajas: Las tiras son elementos que permiten el movimiento aerodinámico en las máquinas.
Alicates: Herramienta para apretar tuercas o alambres de flexión que consiste en un tipo
de alicates de metal con dos brazos cruzados y articulados por un eje y con puntas fuertes,
planas o cónicas.
Pistones: Es uno de los elementos básicos del motor de combustión interna.
Termodinámica: Parte de la física que estudia la acción mecánica del calor y otras formas
de energía.
Lubricación: Es el proceso o técnica utilizada para reducir la fricción entre dos superficies
que están muy cerca.
Turbinas: Es una turbo máquina de motor hidráulico que aprovecha la energía de un fluido
que la atraviesa para producir un movimiento de rotación que, transferido por un eje, mueve
directamente una máquina o un generador eléctrico que transforma la energía mecánica en
eléctrica.
Sensores: Es un dispositivo electrónico que convierte magnitudes físicas que pueden ser
como presión, temperatura, etc. y lo convierta en una señal eléctrica.
Chasis: Es la parte fija de una maquina o un auto que soporta toda la estructura de la
máquina.
Focos: Son dispositivos eléctricos que pasa corriente eléctrica para iluminar.
Energía Eólica: Es una fuente de energía renovable que utiliza la fuerza del viento para
generar electricidad.
Energía Cinética: Se define como el trabajo necesario para acelerar un cuerpo de una
masa determinada desde el reposo hasta la velocidad indicada. Una vez conseguida esta
energía durante la aceleración, el cuerpo mantiene su energía cinética salvo que cambie su
velocidad.
Energía Potencial: Es la capacidad que tiene un cuerpo para realizar un trabajo de acuerdo
a la configuración que ostente en el sistema de cuerpos que ejercen fuerzas entre sí, es
decir, la energía potencial es la energía que es capaz de generar un trabajo como
consecuencia de la posición de un cuerpo.
Estática: Es una rama de la física, que estudia a los cuerpos en reposo y las fuerzas que
actúan en el objeto.
Fuerza de rozamiento: Es aquella fuerza que va en contra del movimiento del objeto,
producido por factores como un roce, viento, etc.
Densidad: Es una magnitud física escalar que mide la masa por unidad de volumen, es
una propiedad de la materia.
Calor específico: Es una magnitud física que se define como la cantidad de calor que hay
que suministrar a la unidad de masa de una sustancia, para elevar su temperatura en una
unidad.
Electrostática: Es la rama de la Física que analiza los efectos mutuos que se producen
entre los cuerpos como consecuencia de su carga eléctrica, es decir, el estudio de las
cargas eléctricas en equilibrio.
Metales: Son elementos de la tabla periódica, que se caracterizan por ser buenos
conductores de la corriente eléctrica y calor.
Poleas: Es una máquina simple que sirve para transmitir una fuerza mecánica.
Embrague: Es un sistema que permite transmitir una energía mecánica a su acción final.
En un automóvil, por ejemplo, permite controlar la transmisión de potencia desde el motor
hacia las ruedas.
Relés térmicos: Son los aparatos más utilizados para proteger los motores contra las
sobrecargas débiles y prolongadas.
Pilas: Una pila es un dispositivo que convierte energía química en energía eléctrica; por un
proceso químico transitorio, tras de lo cual cesa su actividad y han de renovarse sus
elementos constituyentes, puesto que sus características resultan alteradas durante el
mismo.
Sócate: Son dispositivos a la disposición para sostener las lámparas o bombillas eléctricas.
Cables de alta tensión: Es un cable que se usa para transmisión de energía eléctrica en
alta tensión. Un cable incluye un conductor y un aislamiento, y se usa para tramos
subterráneos y submarinos.
Cables de baja tensión: Están diseñados para soportar las condiciones específicas tanto
de instalación como de operación en distribución de energía eléctrica, para que ésta se
realice de forma segura y confiable.
Electrón: Es una partícula subatómica con una carga eléctrica elemental negativa, Tiene
una masa que es aproximadamente 1836 veces menor que la del protón, es considerada
una partícula elemental.
Caja de bornes: Resguarda las conexiones del motor y va montada arriba o por un lado,
es parte del diseño del motor y es para hacer las conexiones con los cables de alimentación
de electricidad.
Motobombas: Son máquinas que sirven para llevar el caudal del agua a otro sector
mediante la presión y fuerza.
Corrosión: Es una reacción química producto de la unión del metal con el oxígeno, es el
deterioro del objeto metálico a causa del ambiente por la presencia de oxígeno.
Oxido: Es el compuesto químico que surge con la combinación del oxígeno y un metal o
un metaloide. También se conoce como óxido a la capa de distintos colores que se forma
en la superficie de los metales por la oxidación.
Punto de ebullición: Es aquella temperatura en la que la presión de vapor del líquido iguala
la presión de vapor del medio en el que se encuentra. Coloquialmente, se dice que es la
temperatura a la cual la materia cambia del estado líquido al estado gaseoso.
Punto de fusión: Es la temperatura a la cual se encuentra el equilibrio de fases sólido-
líquido, es decir, la materia pasa de estado sólido a estado líquido, se funde. Cabe destacar
que el cambio de fase ocurre a temperatura constante.
Ductibilidad: Es una propiedad específica de la materia, que solo se produce en los sólidos
y se puede transformar en finos hilos.
Dureza: Es la oposición que presenta un material a ser rayado o penetrado por otro cuerpo
sólido.