BIOLOGY TERM 1 8-HOUR FINAL STUDY PLAN

DAY 1 (2 HOURS)
Chapter 1: Biological Molecules (2 hours)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Water** Essay 10 minutes  Chemical properties (solvent, bond
angles and hydrogen bond)
 Physical properties (polarity,
cohesiveness, density, surface tension,
thermal properties)
Carbohydrates** 5 minutes  Physical & chemical properties &
Essay examples of monosaccharides,
disaccharides and polysaccharides
5 minutes  Structures of monosaccharides
(straight & ring)
5 minutes  Formation of glycosidic bonds
10 minutes  Structure and functions of
polysaccharides (starch, glycogen and
cellulose)
Lipids** Structure 10 minutes  Structure, properties and functions of
triglycerides, phospholipids and
steroids
5 minutes  Differentiate saturated and unsaturated
fats & fatty acids
Proteins** 5 minutes  Amino acids structure & classification
Structure (polar, non-polar, acidic, basic)
5 minutes  Formation of peptide bond
5 minutes  Properties of proteins (amphoteric,
isoelectric point, buffer, colloid)
5 minutes  Structure, function and examples of
levels of protein structures
5 minutes  Fibrous and globular proteins
(structure, properties & examples)
5 minutes  Denaturation and renaturation of
protein
5 minutes  Simple and conjugated proteins
Nucleic acids** 15 minutes  Structure of nucleotide
Essay  Differentiate DNA and RNA
 Differentiate three types of RNA
(mRNA, tRNA and rRNA)
 DNA double helix structure
Paper 10 minutes  Basic principle/factors
chromatography  Working principle/steps involved
Gel electrophoresis 10 minutes  Basic principle/factors
 Working principle/steps involved
DAY 2 (2 HOURS)
Chapter 2: Structure of Cells and Organelles (1 ½ hours)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Prokaryotic and 5 minutes  Cell theory (5 points)
Eukaryotic cells**  Differentiate prokaryotic and
Essay eukaryotic cells
 Differentiate plant cell and animal cell
Microscopy 10 minutes  Basic principle of light and electron
microscopes
Cellular 10 minutes  Structure and functions of all
components organelles
5 minutes  Synthesis of extracellular enzyme
pathway
Differential 10 minutes  Basic principle/factors
centrifugation  Working principle/steps involved
Plant Tissues** 5 minutes  Structure, function and distribution of
Structure/Essay meristematic cells
15 minutes  Structure, function and distribution of
epidermal tissue, ground tissue &
vascular tissue
Animal Tissues** 20 minutes  Structure, function and distribution of
Structure/Essay connective, nervous, muscular and
epithelial tissues
10 minutes  Formation of endocrine & exocrine
glands

Chapter 3: Membrane Structure and Transport (½ hours)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Fluid Mosaic 10 minutes  Structure of plasma membrane
Model** Structure (Singer-Nicolson model)
 Roles of component of membrane
 Functions of membrane proteins
Movement of 5 minutes  Passive transport
substance across 5 minutes  Active transport (protein pump,
membrane** Essay cotransport)
5 minutes  Bulk transport (endocytosis,
exocytosis, receptor-mediated)
5 minutes  Osmosis (water potential calculations,
effect on plant/animal cells)
DAY 3 (2 HOURS)
Chapter 4: Enzymes (1 hour)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Catalysis and 5 minutes  Characteristics of enzymes
activation energy  Mode of action of enzyme
Mechanism of 15 minutes  Induced fit & lock and key models
action and  Michaelis-Menten constant &
kinetics** Lineweaver-Burk plots
Structure  Significance of Km and Vmax
 Effect of temperature, pH, enzyme
concentration and substrate
concentration
Cofactors 5 minutes  Properties & roles of cofactors (ion
activators, prosthetic groups &
coenzymes)
Inhibitors** 10 minutes  Effect of competitive and non-
Structure/Essay competitive inhibitors
 Effect on Km and Vmax values (using
Lineweaver-Burk plot)
Classification of 5 minutes  Examples and functions of
enzymes oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase,
lyase, isomerase, ligase
Enzyme 5 minutes  Techniques of enzyme immobilisation
technology** (adsorption, entrapment and covalent
Essay coupling/bonding)
5 minutes  Biosensor
5 minutes  Dipstick (blood sugar/urea level)
5 minutes  High-fructose corn syrup

Chapter 5: Cellular Respiration (1 hour)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Need for energy in 5 minutes  Importance of energy (5 points)
living organisms  Structure and function of ATP, NADH
and FADH2
Aerobic respiration 10 minutes  Glycolysis** Structure/Essay
** Structure/Essay 10 minutes  Krebs cycle (including link reaction)
10 minutes  Oxidative phosphorylation/ETC and
chemiosmosis
5 minutes  Net energy produced per glucose
molecule in liver and muscle cells
10 minutes  Effect of cyanide and CO
10 minutes  Lipid and protein and alternative
energy sources
DAY 4 (2 HOURS)
Chapter 5: Cellular Respiration (30 minutes)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Anaerobic 10 minutes  Yeast & lactate fermentation
Respiration** 20 minutes  Making of bread, tapai & yoghurt
Structure

Chapter 6: Photosynthesis (1 ½ hours)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Autotroph 5 minutes  Photoautotroph & chemoautotroph
5 minutes  Photosynthetic pigments
5 minutes  Absorption & action spectrum
Light-dependent 5 minutes  Photoactivation of chlorophyll a
reactions** 10 minutes  Cyclic and non-cyclic
Structure photophosphorylation
Light-independent 10 minutes  Calvin cycle
reactions** Essay 5 minutes  Photorespiration
10 minutes  Differentiate anatomic structure of C3
& C4 (Krantz anatomy) leaf
10 minutes  Hatch-slack pathway
10 minutes  Differentiate physiology/metabolism
of C3, C4 and CAM plants
Limiting factors 10 minutes  Effect of light intensity, CO2
concentration and temperature
5 minutes  CO2 emission and global warming

GOOD LUCK IN STPM BIOLOGY TERM 1 

STPM BIOLOGY TERM 1 4.00!!
 CHEMISTRY TERM 1 6-HOUR FINAL STUDY PLAN
DAY 1 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 1: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry (30 minutes)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Fundamental 10 minutes  Properties of protons, neutrons,
particles of an atom electrons
 Behaviour of beam of protons,
neutrons, electrons in electric &
magnetic fields
 Proton number & nucleon number
 Isotopes and stability of isotopes
Relative atomic, 10 minutes  Define Ar, Mr and RFM
isotopic, molecular  Interpret mass spectra
and formula masses  Calculations
Mole concept 10 minutes  Define mole & Avogadro’s constant
 Calculations and stoichiometric
relationships

Chapter 2: Electronic Structure of Atoms (30 minutes)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Electronic energy 10 minutes  Formation of line spectrum (Lyman
levels of atomic and Balmer series)
hydrogen
Atomic orbitals 10 minutes  Number and relative energy of s, p and
d orbitals for principal quantum
numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4
 Shape of s and p orbitals
Electronic 5 minutes  Predicting electronic configuration of
configuration atoms and ions
 Afbau principle, Hund’s rule & Pauli
exlusion principle
Classification of 5 minutes  Identify elements into block s, p, d and
elements f based on valence shell configuration

DAY 2 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding (1 hour)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Ionic bonding 5 minutes  Ionic bonding (NaCl & MgCl2)
Covalent bonding 40 minutes  Lewis structure of covalent molecules
(octet rule & exception to octet rule)
 Lewis structure of ions (SO42-, CO32-
, NO3- and CN-)
 Hybridisation & overlapping of
orbitals
 Shape and bond angels based on
VSEPR
 Bond lengths and Bond strengths
  Inertness of N2 in terms of strong
triple bond & non-polarity
 Properties of ionic & covalent bonding
in terms of bond strength, melting
point & electrical conductivity
 Covalent character is ionic bonds
(Al2O3, AlI3, and LiI)
 Coordinate/dative bonds
Metallic bonding 5 minutes  Electron sea model
Intermolecular 15 minutes  Hydrogen bonding
forces  Van der Waals forces (permanent,
temporary & induced)
 Effect of van der Waals forces &
hydrogen bonding (intermolecular &
intramolecular) on physical properties
of substances

DAY 3 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 4: States of Matter (1 hour)
Topic Time to spend What to study? Check
Gases 20 minutes  Behaviour of ideal gases based on
kinetic theory
 Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law,
Avogadro’s law, pV = nRT and
Dalton’s law
 Non-ideal gases at very high pressures
and very low temperatures
Liquids 10 minutes  Kinetic concept of liquids
 Melting, vaporisation and vapor
pressure
 Define boiling point and freezing point
Solids 10 minutes  Lattice structure of crystalline solids
(ionic, simple molecular, giant
molecular and metallic)
 Allotropes of carbon (graphite,
diamond and fullerenes) and their
functions
Phase diagrams 20 minutes  Phase diagram of water & CO2
(sketch, vaporisation, boiling,
sublimation, freezing, melting, triple
point, critical point)
 Anomalous behaviour of water
 Effect of non-volatile solute on vapour
pressure, melting point & boiling point
of solute (colligative properties)
 Uses of dry ice
DAY 4 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 5: Reaction Kinetics (1 hour)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Rate of reaction 10 minutes  Definition of rate of reaction, rate
equation, order of reaction, rate
constant, half-life, rate-determining
step, activation energy & catalyst
 Collision theory
 Effect of concentration, temperature &
pressure on rate of reaction
Rate law 15 minutes  Calculations
 Titrimetric method
Effect of 5 minutes  Relationship between rate constant
temperature on with activation energy and temperature
reaction kinetics using Arrhenius equation
 Boltzmann distribution curve
Role of cataysts in 15 minutes  Properties & Effect of catalysts
reactions  Heterogeneous and homogeneous
catalysis
 Examples: atmospheric oxides of
nitrogen as catalysts in oxidation of
SO2 & V2O5 as catalyst in Contact
process
 Enzymes as biological catalysts
Order of reactions 15 minutes  Deduce zero-, first- & second- order
and rate of reactions by initial rates & graphical
constants methods
 Half-time calculations of first-order
reactions

DAY 5 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 6: Equilibria (Part 1) (1 HOUR)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Chemical equilibria 30 minutes  Reversible reactions and dynamic
equilibrium
 Mass action law
 Kc and Kp (calculations)
 Concept of dynamic equilibrium of
stratospheric ozone
 Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of
catalysts, concentration, pressure,
temperature)
 Effect of temperature on equilibrium
using equation
ln K = -∆H/RT + C
Ionic equilibria 30 minutes  Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis
theories
 Identify conjugate acids and bases
  Properties of strong and weak
electrolytes
 Terms: pH, pOH, Ka, pKa, Kb, pKb,
Kw and pKw
 pH changes during acid-base titration
 pH Indicators
 Buffer solutions and importance of
buffer systems (H2CO3/HCO3- buffer
in blood)

DAY 6 (1 HOUR)
Chapter 6: Equilibria (Part 2) (1 HOUR)

Topic Time to spend What to study? Check

Solubility 20 minutes  Define and calculate Ksp
equilibria  Common ion effect (including buffer
solutions)
 Predict possibility of precipitation
 Water softening
Phase equilibria 40 minutes  Raoult’s law for two miscible liquids
 Boiling point-composiiton curves
 Principles in fractional distillation of
ideal & non-ideal liquids
 Azeotropic mixtures
 Limitations on separation of two
components forming an azeotropic
mixture
 Advantages and disadvantages of
fractional distillation under reduced
pressure

GOOD LUCK IN STPM CHEMISTRY TERM 1 

STPM CHEMISTRY TERM 1 4.00!!