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VO = vI – vregulator
1/14
Regulator types
2/14
Shortcoming of the parametric voltage
regulator a solving solution
Shortcoming:
Narrow range of IO
Solution: utilization of a
voltage follower:
IO increases, RO decreases
Voltage regulator
Voltage follower vO = vI VO = VREF
3/14
Voltage follower Voltage regulator
with BJT, CC
VO = VREF − vBE
4/14
BJT voltage regulator
T – pass transistor
VO = VREF − vBE
IO
iR = iZ +
β
vBE voltage makes the regulation performances worse
VO ↓ I O ↓ I B ↓ iZ ↑ VZ ↑ VO ↑
NF mechanism 5/14
Op-amp voltage regulators
VO = VREF
6/14
Op-amp voltage regulators
VO > VREF
R2
VO=? VO = 1 + VREF
R1
7/14
Op-amp voltage regulators
VO < VREF Consider that
VREF is given
R2
VO=? VO = VREF
R1 + R2
8/14
Op-amp voltage regulators
Adjustable VO
R2
VO min = 1 + VREF
P + R1
VO=?
R2 + P
VO max = 1 + VREF
R1 9/14
Increasing the output current
10/14
I O max = βI O ,OA max
T – pass transistor
11/14
Overcurrent and shortcircuit protection
RL → 0 IO → ∞ The current must be limited:
• oversee IO
• when IO exceeds a default value , protection circuit goes on
RP I O < 0.6V ; TP − (off ) ; I P = 0
RP I O ≈ 0.6V ; TP − (a F ) ; I P > 0
V RP
I O max = + IP
RP
0,6V 0,6V
I O max = + IP ≈
RP RP
When I O = I O max
RL ↓, I O ↑, I O RP ↑, I P ↑, I B ↓, I O ↓ VO ↓
12/14
The output characteristic