Marine Invertebrates

Sand dollar (Clypeaster subdepressus)

Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Echinoidea
Genus Clypeaster
Species Clypeaster subdepressus
Description:
This sea urchin is extremely flattened. The body does not have any holes or notches. Very
short spines cover the body, giving it an almost (not quite!) velvety appearance. A five-
pointed star pattern is visible on the back. The color of the animal is a mottled brown to dark
brown. The shells of these species are gray.
Size: Body up to 12 cm. Spines up to 1 cm.

Habitat:
Lives on the shallow, sandy areas around the reefs. It hides in the sands during the day.
Depth: ranges from 0 m down to 13 m.
 Sea Cucumber (Holothuria hilla)

Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Holothuroidea
Order Aspidochirotida
Family Holothuriidae
Genus Holothuria
Subgenus Thymiosycia
Species Holothuria hilla
H. (Thymiosycia) hilla is a light to dark brown sea cucumber with prominent pale papillae. It
is a small to medium, cylindrical and tapering species. It is thin and soft, with a
loose tegument (H. hilla photo). Spicules are rather open tables, and buttons with big
holes. H. hilla may be found on reefs, below rocks of the reef flat.

Remarks: Colour and pattern serve to distinguish Holothuria (Thymiosycia)species when

alive. H. impatiens is very variable but much rougher than the rather soft hilla with which it
could be confused. H. hilla is rather soft compared with the very variable and much
rougher H. impatiens, with which it could be confused.
 Sponges (Haliclona simulans)

Classifications:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Porifera
Class Demospongiae
Order Haplosclerida
Suborder Haplosclerina
Family Chalinidae
Genus Haliclona
Subgenus Haliclona
Species Haliclona simulans
Haliclona (Haliclona) simulans (Johnston, 1842) may form flat smooth crusts, cushions,
repent branches and upright bushes with irregularly anastomosing branches. The colour is
beige-brown, frequently with reddish brown "discolourations". The consistency is
characteristically corky, firm to hard. Oscules are numerous, slightly elevated, and do not
collapse or contract when lifted out of the water or in preservation. Occasionally specimens
form distinct tubular elevations. Common under stones (flat crusts) and on rocks from the
intertidal downwards to 30 m.

Shell (Charonia lampas)

Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
Subclass Prosobranchia
 Suborder Caenogastropoda
Order Neotaenioglossa
Family Ranellidae
Genus Charonia
Species Charonia lampas
Description (shell):
Shell large, solid, glossy, with a tall pointed spire and an angulated profile. The shell has 7-
8 whorls meeting at shallow sutures. Last whorl is large and occupies about two thirds of
shell height. The whole surface is covered with small spiral ridges, but up to ten on the last
whorl and two on each whorl in the spire are much bigger than the others and are also
nodose. There are varices at 120° intervals. Each varix consists of a prominent swelling
across the whorl with a sharp, undercut edge on the side facing down the spiral.
The aperture occupies a little more than half of shell height. It is a broad oval, pointed above
and below, the siphonal canal is short and open. The inner lip spreads at its base over
an umbilical groove, and, more adapically, widely over the surface of the last
whorl. Columella fluted with ridges, one large one adapically. Outer lip with paired short
ridges internally.

Sea Urchin
Green rock-boring urchin (Echinometra viridis)

Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Echinoidea
Genus Echinometra
Species Echinometra viridis
Description:
The body of this species is elliptical in outline, not round. The spines are short, thick and
sharply pointed. The color of the body is usually reddish to maroon. The smaller spines and
the base of the major ones usually light brown with a reddish tinge. The rest of the major
spines are green with a violet tip. The larger spines may have a light ring around the base.
Size: Body up to 5 cm. Spines up to 3 cm.
 Brittle Star
Banded-arm brittle star (Ophioderma appressum)

Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Ophiuroidea
Genus Ophioderma
Species Ophioderma appressum
Description:
Long slender arms with a distinct central disc. The arms are covered with scales rather than
spines. The color of the disc is variable, ranging from gray or brown to white, often with
spots, but may be uniform. The color of the arms is gray with light bands.
Size: up to 20 cm from arm tip to arm tip.
 Insects

Common Name: cabbage butterfly - adult

Scientific Name: Pieridae: Pieris rapae
Status: pest of vegetable crops
Damaging Stage: caterpillar
Description: The wings of cabbage butterflies are white-green with black tips. There are two
sub marginal black spots in females and one in males. The butterflies overwinter as pupae
and emerge in early spring. There is one generation per year.

Common Name: carpenter ant - adult

Scientific Name: Formicidae: several species
Status: usually beneficial, occasionally a pest of homes and buildings
Damaging Stage: adult
Description: Carpenter ants range in size from 1/4 to 3/4 inch, depending on whether the
insect is a queen or a worker. Queens are large and black with some red, brown, or yellow
spots occurring on parts of the body and legs. The smaller workers are brown and have a
large head and a small thorax.
 Common Name: termite - white ant
Scientific Name: Isoptera: several species
Status: pest of homes and buildings
Damaging Caste: worker
Description: Termites are small insects that are white, tan, or black. They are less than 1/2-
inch-long. Termites feed in sound, dry wood and create tunnels that run along the grain of the
wood. They are very serious structural pests because they destroy the wood that is used for
buildings. Workers are able to eat cellulose- containing materials such as wood because they
have microorganisms in their intestines that assist in digesting the cellulose.

Common Name: antlion - adult

Scientific Name: Myrmeleontidae: sp.
Status: beneficial predator
Beneficial Stage: immature
Description: Antlions are beneficial predators of small insects. Adult antlions resemble a
damselfly in body shape but are poor fliers that usually only fly at night. They have long
clubbed antennae that measure 1 1/2 the length of the head. They have a long, slender
abdomen with two pairs of narrow, multi-veined wings.
 Common Name: stink bug - adult
Scientific Name: Pentatomidae: several species
Status: minor insect pest of crops and a nuisance pest in homes. Can also be a beneficial
predatory insect.
Damaging Stage: nymph and adult
Description: Most stink bugs are green or mottled brown/gray in color and grow to about 1/2
inches in length. Stink bugs have broad shield-shaped bodies, with five points (accounting for
their scientific name - Pentatomidae). They have a unique behavioral tendency to emit a
strong pungeant odor when disturbed, accounting for their common name. Some species of
stink bugs are predatory on other insects - thus beneficial. Others feed on plants. One species
of stink bug, called the brown marmorated stink bug, has recently been introduced to the U.S.
This stink bug is proving itself to be a serious pest of agriculture and an irritating invader into
homes.

Common name: Grasshopper

Order: Orthoptera
Adult mouthparts: Chewing
Wings: 2 pair, or may be reduced; 1st pair tegmina
Description: are an informal group of insects in the suborder Caelifera. Grasshoppers
undergo incomplete metamorphosis: they repeatedly moult undergo ecdysis, each instar
becoming larger and more like an adult, with the wing-buds increasing in size at each stage.
 Common name: Stemborer
Order name: Lepidoptera
Scientific name: (Scirpophaga innotata) White rice stemborer
Scientific Classification:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Lepidoptera
Family Crambidae
Genus Scirpophaga
Species Scirpophaga innotata
Description: is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. The species was described by
Francis Walker. It is found in Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and the tropical north of
Australia.

Common Name: lady beetle

Scientific Name: Coccinellidae: several species
Status: very beneficial insect but an annoying household invader
Beneficial Stage: larval and adult
Description: Lady beetles are small, round, and dome-shaped. The most well- known lady
beetles have black markings on red, orange, or yellow forewings, but some are black. Lady
beetles are extremely beneficial insects but can be an annoyance when they appear in large
numbers in the home. One species of lady beetle (multicolored Asian lady beetle) has a
peculiar behavior of congregating and passing the winter in man-made structures.
IDENTIFICATION

OF

Marine Invertebrates
and
Insects
Submitted by:
Robecarl J. Garcia
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Exur Buenaflor & Mr. Flores Almadin
Instructor