RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY HABIT AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE WITH

ANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGES 12-16 YEARS OLD AT

MARGAMUKTI VILLAGE IN NOVEMBER 2018

Siagian, Carmen; Ghea Jovita; Marischa Regina; Himawan Widyatmiko; Boby Singgih;
Yoan Marshindy.

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University - UKI Hospital,
Jakarta.– RSU UKI, Jakarta.

ABSTRACT

Anemia is a lack of hemoglobin levels so it is unable to carry out an adequate amount

of O2 to peripheral tissue. In women the normal hemoglobin level is 12-16 g / dl. There are
several risk factors for anemia, as; lack of iron intake, folic acid deficiency, impaired
absorption and iron loss, for example the incidence of helminthiasis, malabsorption
syndrome, pregnant women and menstruation habit in young women. Anemia can lead to
weakness, fatigue, lethargy, weakness, negligent, decreased concentration of learning,
disrupting the growth process, and having a long term impact on young women, that is, when they
are pregnant they are unable to reach the nutritional needs of themselves and the fetus in the womb
which will increase the risk of maternal and perinatal death. increased incidence of
prematurity and increased incidence of babies born with low birth weight and at risk of
stunting. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia, find out
dietary habit and menstrual cycle, and find out the relationship between dietary habit,
menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia in adolescents girls aged 12-16 years at
Margamukti Village. The method used in this study is cross sectional. The sample is 50
young women aged 12-16 years. Data collection was carried out by interview techniques,
antopometric measurements and hemoglobin examination. Data analysis using analytical test
with spearman non parametic method. The results showed that 7 out of 50 (14%) young
women aged 12-16 years at Margamukti Village had anemia (Hb <12 g / dl). A total of 43
young women (86%) had good menstrual cycle, and 33 young women (66%) had a dietary
habit that did not reach the Nutrition Adequacy Rate. It can be concluded that there is no
correlation between dietary habit and the incidence of anemia with p value <0.05 (0.94) in
girls aged 12-16 years at Margamukti Village in November 2018. And there is no correlation
between menstrual cycle and anemia with p value <0.05 (0.691) in young women aged 12-16
at Margamukti Village in November 2018.

Keywords: Anemia, menstruation, dietary habit

AIM

The purpose of this research is to find out the prevalence of anemia, find out dietary
habit and menstrual cycle, and find out the relationship between dietary habit, menstrual
cycle and the incidence of anemia in adolescents aged 12-16 years at Margamukti Village.

METHODS

This research uses analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample is 50 young
women aged 12-16 years, with inclusion criteria; already menstruating, never married and not fasting.
Data collection was carried out by interview techniques, antopometric measurements and hemoglobin
examination. Data analysis using analytical test with spearman non parametic method.

CHART
RESULT

From this study, 7 out of 50 (14%) young women aged 12-16 years at Margamukti Village
had anemia (Hb <12 g / dl). A total of 43 young women (86%) had good menstrual cycle, and 33
young women (66%) had a dietary habit that did not reach the Nutrition Adequacy Rate. Based on
data analysis, there was no correlation between dietary habit and anemia with p value <0.05 (0.94) in
girls aged 12-16 years at Margamukti Village in November 2018. And there was no correlation
between menstrual cycle and anemia with p value <0.05 (0.691) in girls aged 12-16 years in
Margamukti Village, November 2018.

DISCUSSION

Anemia is a nutritional problem in the world, especially in developing countries

including Indonesia. In line with the sustainable development goals called the Sustainable
Global Goals (SDGs), there are 17 goals to be achieved. One of the goals to be achieved is:
"In 2030 end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving the international target of 2025
for reducing stunting and wasting in infants and addressing the nutritional needs of young
women, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly." The effort to support the
achievement of the SDGs is to improve nutrition, especially teenagers. Nutrition at the time
of adolescence is related to nutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, which is known as
nutrition for 1000 First Day of Life (1000 HPK). Adolescents with good nutritional status, it
is expected that during pregnancy the nutritional status will remain good and will give birth
to a healthy baby, not having low birth weight baby, stunting and wasting. This is supported
by the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia, namely in adolescent girls by 26.50%, in women of
childbearing age of 26.9%, in pregnant women by 40.1% and in infants at 47.0%. Therefore
we conducted our study to find a relationship between menstrual cycle and dietary habit with
the incidence of anemia.

Based on the results of our study determining the correlation of a variable using the
Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient (Noor J, 2011) and obtained between menstrual
cycle and anemia showed no significant relationship (p value> 0.05) and had a correlation
strength of -0.058 / less significant which meant more the length of the menstrual cycle, the
hemoglobin (Hb) level will decrease which is at risk of anemia. Whereas in the table the
relationship between the number of nutritional adequacy and anemia shows that there is no
significant relationship (p value> 0.05) and has a correlation strength of 0.239 / weak which
means that the adequacy of nutrition levels increases the hemoglobin level so that it is not at
risk of anemia. This is in accordance with the study conducted by Situmorang (2015)
regarding the relationship of duration of menstrual bleeding and hemoglobin levels indicating
that the longer the duration of one's menstruation, the lower the hemoglobin level and
Lazzeri, et al (2012: 74) which say that the mother plays a role important in providing
nutritious food for the family, so that it has an influence on the nutritional status of children
CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this study, 7 out of 50 young women suffered from anemia. There is
no correlation between diet and menstrual cycle with the incidence of anemia with adolescents aged
12-16 years in Margamukti Village, November 2018.