A Project Report On

“Effect on Concrete Properties By Using

GUJON Fiber”

Submitted by

Tirth Shah
170320720019

Page | I
 ABSTRACT

The present day world is witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult Civil
Engineering structures. Quite often, concrete being most important and widely used material
is called upon to possess very high strength and sufficient workability properties. Concrete
possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. In
conventional concrete, micro cracks develop before structure is loaded because of drying
shrinkage and other causes of volume change. When the structure is loaded, the micro cracks
open up and propagate because of development of such micro cracks, result in inelastic
deformation in concrete. Fibers are generally use to improve the compressive strength, tensile
strength, flexural strength, impact, temperature, reduced water permeability, crack resistance
such that with help of fiber mixed concrete we can prevent the all problems which are present
in structure. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is cementing concrete reinforced mixture with
more or less randomly distributed fibers. In the FRC, a numbers of small fibers are dispersed
and distributed randomly in the concrete at the time of mixing, and thus improve concrete
properties in all directions. In this project, to carry out test on GUJCON (Nylon-6 Fiber) Fiber
Reinforced Concrete to check the influence of GUJCON fibers on Strength of concrete, impact
resistance, compressive strength, temperature effects, permeability, etc. Many developments
can be made in the GUJCON fiber reinforced concrete.

Page | II
 CONTENTS

Abstract II
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Aim & Objective 2
1.3 Literature Review 3
1.3.1 Recron Medium Strength Fiber Reinforced 3
1.3.2 Strength Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced
Concrete 6
1.4 Material Required 9
2. METHODOLOGY 13
2.1 Specific Gravity 13
2.2 Sieve Analysis 14
2.3 Mixed Design 15
2.4 Preparation of Cube, Mixing Of Concrete,
Casting, & Curing 20
2.5 Testing Process 22
2.5.1 Testing for Properties of Fresh Concrete 22
2.5.2 Testing for Hardened Concrete 24
3. IMPLEMENTATION 27
3.1 Mix Design Proportion 27
3.2 Compressive Strength Result 28
4. CONCLUSION 29
5. REFRENCEES 30
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

The construction industry is revolutionizing in two major ways. One way is the
development of construction techniques, such as using automated tools in construction. The
other is the advancement in high-performance construction materials, such as the introduction
of high strength concrete. Among these high performance materials, fiber reinforced concrete
(FRC) is gradually gaining acceptance from civil engineers. In recent years, research and
development of fibers and matrix materials and fabrication process related to construction
industry have grown rapidly. Their advantages over other construction materials are their high
tensile strength to weight ratio, ability to be moulded into various shapes and potential
resistance to environmental conditions, resulting in potentially low maintenance cost. These
properties make FRC composite a good alternative for innovative construction. Their
application in construction includes both upgrading existing structures and building new ones,
which can apply to various types of structure, for example offshore platforms, buildings and
bridges.

A major roadblock towards development of high performance concrete using steel

fibers is the high costs involved, availability and also problem of corrosion. GUJCON fiber
being the most ductile among all fibers has the potential to be used as a reinforcement material
in concrete They are also non-abrasive in nature, cheap and easily available. Research work is
being carried out to find the possibility of Gujcon fiber as a vertical reinforcement in mortar-
free interlocking structures. This is believed to be a cost-effective solution to earthquake-
resistant housing.
The aim of this study was to identify the improvement in strength characteristics of
concrete with the addition Gujcon fiber. In the study, Gujcon fiber is added to concrete is
used as reference to study its effect on flexural and compressive strength properties and also
drying shrinkage. Some of the advantages being observed are low-cost, low density,
reasonable specific strength, good thermal insulation, reduced wear and ability to be recycled
with minimal impact on environment. Thus in addition to the enhancement in the physical
properties of concrete.

Page | 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives
The aim is study of concrete properties using fibers and also we can use
different proposal and get better grade, better strength, etc.

The objectives of this work are:

1. By this project we can improve the concrete compression strength, impact strength, tensile
strength, reduce water permeability, temperature effects, etc.

2. To determine the influence of shape of fibers on strength of concrete

3. This type of concrete use in Bridges, Roads, Buildings, etc.

Page | 2
1.3 Literature Review

1.3.1 RECRON MEDIUM STRENGTH FIBRE REINFORCED

CONCRETE
(T. SANDEEP, Asst. prof, Malla Reddy Engineering College)

1.3.1.1 Abstract

The use of blended cement is becoming common in these days owing to the attempts
made by the researchers in the direction of utilization of materials, which are available in
natural abundantly. The new additives fly ash and Recon -3s, which is tried in recent times
without any scientific study was found to be satisfactory. While, there is much to be done in
order to standardize the properties of the said additives. An attempt is made in the present work
to investigate of these additives on the compressive strength of cement concrete. The
experimental study of this investigation consists of design of concrete mixes for two different
characteristic mean strengths. The mix was worked out giving certain proportions by keeping
the obtained water- cement ratio constant.

These two mixes were obtained with water-cement ratio as 0.40. For each of the above
mix, Different percentages of additive (fly ash) was replaced, that is 20%, 25% and 30% by
weight of cement by keeping the second additive (Recron-3s) as 0.25% by weight of cement.

1.3.1.2 Introduction
Certain organic compounds(additives) are used in concrete. A new additives called
Recron-3s is used to the two mixes designed with different percentages of additive (fly ash),
and then its effects are observed in improving the compressive strength of concrete as well as
cost.

According to Indian standard code for “Plain and Reinforced Concrete -Code of Practice” Is
456:2000 a medium strength concrete is in range of M25-M55. Medium strength of concrete
is much familiar in India in constructing multi storied buildings to overcome the uncertainties
after curing concrete additive are introduced in concrete especially organic fiber’s.

Page | 3
1.3.1.3 Objectives and Scope
The main purpose of this study to investigate the influence of additives fly and
recron3s(fiber). The strength characteristics of the concrete (M30 and M35) were used with
varying percentage of additives and changes in strength, gain in strength and workability
parameters were studied.

In the present work, an effort is made to use new additives as the ingredients of
concrete and study the effects on M30 and M35 grade concrete. The scope of work is limited
to find out the behavior of concrete in compression and its cost.

1.3.1.4 Experimental Review

The fundamental involved in the productive high performance concrete in the
selection of material like cement, sand, coarse aggregate etc. 53 grade Ambuja cement brand
of cement was used. Locally available sand and course aggregate were made use of in this
study. These materials were tested for their basic properties and the results are tabulated in
the appendix.

The objective of this study was to study compressive strength parameters of M30,
M35 grades of concrete. Since the focus was to produce HPC of medium strength, no specific
mix design procedure was under taken and nominal mix for M30 (1:1.5:3) and M35 (1:1:2)
and adopted throughout study. Initially the mix where the grades of concrete adopted were
designed using IS code method. Subsequently for different percentages (%) of additives, the
variations in strength were studied. The percentage of additives adopted were 20%, 25% and
30% of fly ash and 0.25% of recron-3s by weight of cement.

168 concrete cubic specimens of size 15 X 15 X 15 CMS were prepared. The water
cement ratio is 0.40. concrete cubes with 0 (plain), (20,25 and 30percentage additives (fly
ash) and 0.25) percentage additives (Recron-3s) by weight of cement was used.

Recron-3s is a fiber material. It is a by-product of fuel Extraction at Jamnagar,

Gujarat. It is mainly used to prevent dampness and leakages.

The effect of admixture on the setting time of cement was evaluated from the
laboratory tested. It retarded the setting time. The setting time of the cement is 93 minutes for
ordinary cement and the setting time with 0.25% admixture by weight of cement is 115
minutes.

Page | 4
1.3.1.5 CONCLUSION
1) There is a reduction in the cost of extent of 5% with the 30% fly ash replacement
and addition of 0.25% Recron with a concurrent increase of 25% strength.

2) The addition of only fly ash is reduction the cost by 15% but the incremental gain
in strength is limited to about 10%.

3) A table detailing cost of various grades of concrete at various percentages of fly

ash Recron is indicated.

Page | 5
1.3.2 STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE
(Kolli.Ramujee Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana jyothi
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India)

1.3.2.1 Abstract
The interest in the use of fibers for the reinforcement of composites has increased
during the last several years. A combination of high strength, stiffness and thermal resistance
favorably characterizes the fibers. In this study, the results of the Strength properties of
Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete have been presented. The compressive strength,
splitting tensile strength of concrete samples made with different fibers amounts varies from
0%,0.5%,1% 1.5% and 2.0% were studied. The samples with added Polypropylene fibers of
1.5 % showed better results in comparison with the others.

1.3.2.2 INTRODUCTION
In recent years, many studies have been conducted in the mechanical characteristics of
reinforced fiber concrete. Such concrete is also used in retrofitting and repairing the covering
of concrete structure, tunnels, etc. Polypropylene fibers (at relatively low volume fractions
<0.3%) are used for: secondary temperature shrinkage reinforcement, overlays and pavements,
slabs, flooring systems, crash barriers, precast pile shells and shotcrete for tunnel linings, canals
and reservoirs. According to the researches, the increase of formability and bending strength
are the extra advantages of adding the fibers to the concrete. Two kinds of fiber that very often
used in the concrete are: steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The evaporation of concrete
surface water is a factor in creating the contract paste fracture in concrete which leads to the
formation of tension stress since the concrete starts to strengthen. Mentioned that using
polypropylene fibers can improve spalling behavior of concrete. The paste fractures are
formed when the acceleration of water evaporation is more than the movement of concrete
emulsion to the surface. Here, the negative pressure is generated in the capillaries through
which the concrete paste flows and proportionately the tension stress is formed. Such stress is
developed during the concrete strengthening and the concrete is cracked where the stress is
more than the concrete strength. The cracks caused by paste contracting in the concrete are
formed in the first hours after pouring the concrete in the frames and before the concrete reaches
its initial strength. Consequently, the performance, servicing or profiting capability, duration,
aestheticism and strength of the concrete structures are reduced. Controlling the paste contract
tracks in the concrete is of great importance in more duration and resistibility of concrete in the
shortest time of structural utilization. In ordinary concrete, where vibration is necessary, the

Page | 6
best and most acceptable method for preventing cracks formations caused by paste contract is
by using fibers, particularly thin artificial ones with the volume of less than 0.5%.

1.3.2.3 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Cement: The cement used was locally available 53 Grade of Make SUVARNA CEMENTS,
Kodad, A.P. The cement has a specific gravity of 3.02 with initial and final setting times 50
and 170 minutes respectively. The compressive strength measured in standard mortar at 28
days was 54.0 MPa. The physical properties are confirming to IS: 12269-1987.

Aggregates: Coarse Aggregates Are Crushed angular granite metal from a local source was
used. The Specific gravity was 2.70, Bulk density of 1450 kg/m3 with void percentage 1.5.
The River sand was used as fine Aggregate and conforming to Zone: III with specific gravity
of 2.6, Bulk density of 1680 kg/m3. The physical properties are confirming to IS: 2368-
1968.

Water: To mix the ingredients of concrete Tap water has been used.

Polypropylene fibers (PP): The fibers used were fine polypropylene monofilaments. The
fibers were supplied by Reliance Industry by name RECRON 3s. It is available in 3 different
sizes i.e. 6mm,12mm and 24 mm. In the present investigation 12mm fiber length is used.

Mix design: The Concrete mix design has been carried out for various proportions as per and
arrived at final mix proportion (cohesive) and mentioned in Table 2 was used for combining
the initial materials., after mixing the initial materials in the rotating mixer and adding the
fibers. In this research the concrete samples were prepared with fiber ratios of 0, 0.5 ,1.0, 1.5
and 2 % by volume. In order to have a proper mixture design as well as the least penetration,
the applied aggregates were graded according to the. The ratio of water added to the cement
was w/c = 0.50. The cubes were cast in steel moulds of inner dimensions of 150x 150x
150mm and the cylinders with 150x 300mm height. Compression test and split tensile tests
were performed on cube and cylinder respectively at uniform rate using the 2000 kN
Compression Testing machine.

1.3.2.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

It is observed form the fig 1 that the cube compressive strength increased up to 1.5 % fiber
content there after strength is decreased at 2.0% of fiber content. The cube compressive
strength observed as 40.9 N/mm2 for 0.5% of fibers, 44.12 N/mm2 1% of fibers and 45.25
MPa for 1.5% fiber content in the concrete at 28 days. The compressive strength was
decreased to 40.50 N/mm2 for 2% fiber content. There is a reduction in slump with increase
in fiber content, especially beyond 1.5% dosage. However, the compressive strength for
controlled mix at 28 days was observed as 33.70 N/mm2.

It is observed from fig.2 that the Split tensile strength was increased up to 1.5 % fiber
content there after strength is decreased at 2.0% of fiber content. The split tensile strength at

Page | 7
28 days observed as 3.22 N/mm2 for 0.5% of fibers, 3.4 N/mm2 1% of fibers and 3.52
N/mm2 for 1.5% fiber content in the concrete. However, the split strength for controlled mix
at 28 days was observed as 2.52 N/mm2.
From the Experimental investigation carried out, it was observed that when fibers are used in
concrete it enhances both the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. This trend is
observed with all percentages of fiber content 0.5-1.5% at all ages. the reduction of slump
with increase in fiber observed and the mix becomes fibrous so a dosage rate of 1.5% would
yield economical result.

Page | 8
1.3.2.5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the Experimental Investigations, the following conclusions were drawn.

(1) The Reduction of slump is noticed with increase in fiber content, especially beyond 1.5%
dosage, the mix becomes fibrous which results in difficulty in handling.

(2) The Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests reveals that, the strengths
were increased proportionately with the increase in volume ratios of Polypropylene Fibers
with reference to the controlled mix without fibers.

(3) The maximum increase in Compressive strength was 34% and split tensile strength was
40% compared to the mix without fibers.

(4) The samples with fibers content of 1.5 % showed optimum results in Comparison with
other samples in this study.

Page | 9
1.4 Material Required

 Cement

Ordinary Portland cement 53 grade conforming to IS 8122-1989 is be used.

Physical property of cement is as per table 1.

 Aggregate

Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the
concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. One of the most important factors for
producing workable concrete is a good gradation of aggregates. Good grading implies
that a sample fraction of aggregates in required proportion such that the sample contains
minimum voids. Samples of the well graded aggregate containing minimum voids
require minimum paste to fill up the voids in the aggregates. Minimum paste means less
quantity of cement and less water, which are further mean increased economy, higher
strength, lower shrinkage and greater durability.

 Coarse Aggregate

The fractions from 20 mm to 4.75 mm are used as coarse aggregate. The Coarse
Aggregates from crushed Basalt rock, conforming to IS: 383 is being use. The Flakiness
and Elongation Index were maintained well below 15%. It’s sieve analysis result as per
table 2.

 Fine Aggregate

Those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 microns are termed as fine aggregate. The
river sand is used in combination as fine aggregate conforming to the requirements of
IS: 383. The river sand is washed and screens to eliminate deleterious materials and
oversize particles. This fine aggregate’s zone is ɪ.

 Gujcon Fiber

Gujcon fibers are a breakthrough in secondary reinforcement, Development

based on extensive Research and Application trials, Unique and state-of-the-art next
generation products for rendering long lasting solutions to some of the teething

Page |
10
problems of construction and infrastructure industries. Superior to other secondary
reinforcement Fiber products. Reliable secondary reinforcement material. CRF is
specially engineered 18mm length Nylon-6 Fiber for providing secondary
reinforcement in RCC.

 Water

Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actually participates in the

chemical reaction with cement. Since it helps to from the strength giving cement gel,
the quantity and quality of water are required to be looked into very carefully.

 Super Plasticizer

We use a RADWOP AP337 super plasticizer.

Uses:

To produce high workability concrete without loss of strength.

To promote high early and ultimate strengths by taking advantage of
water reduction whilst maintaining workability.
To produce high quality concrete of improved durability and
impermeability.
At higher dosages, advantages can be taken of the retardation of initial
setting time of concrete especially in large pours.

Advantages:

Increased strength: Provides higher strength without increase in

cement content or reduction in workability. Ideal for precast concrete
production.

Improved quality and cohesion: Reduce rate of workability loss

normally associated with super plasticizer. Reduces shrinkage
cracking because of lower water cement ratio. Makes the concrete
water impermeable.

Page | 10
 Bleeding and segregation minimized: Improves durability and
impermeability of concrete.

Chloride free: Safe in prestressed concrete production.

Standards compliance:

Redwop AP337 conforms to IS: 9103: 1999 as a water reducing admixture

and carries license from Bureau of Indian Standards. It also complies with IS 2645:
1975 and BS 5075 Part 3 and ASTM C494 Type F.

Description:

Redwop AP337 is based on a blend of specially selected organic polymers.

It is supplied as a dark brown liquid, instantly dispersible in water. Redwop AP337
disperses the cement particles effectively in the concrete mix and hence exposes a
larger surface area to the hydration process. This effect is used either to increase the
strength or to produce high workability concrete or reduce cement content of concrete
or to retard the setting time of concrete.

Technical support:

REDWOP's advice can be sought on mix design aspects especially to produce

high workability concrete without segregation. REDWOP provides advisory service
for on-site assistance and guidance on evaluation of trials and usage.

Properties:

Specific gravity: 1.20 at 270C

Chloride content: Nil to IS: 456

Page | 11
Setting times: At higher dosage levels without water reduction,
retards setting times 1 - 2 hours approximately.

Air entrainment: Approximately 1% additional air is entrained.

Compatibility: Can be used with all types of Portland and slag

cement except High Alumina Cements Redwop AP337 is compatible
with other REDWOP admixtures but it is recommended that
admixtures if used in combination are added separately.

Workability: Redwop AP337 can be used to produce collapse slump

concrete without reducing the water content. However, minor
adjustments to mix design may be required to produce flowing
concrete to prevent bleeding and segregation.

Compressive strength: Substantial reduction in the water content

(10-20%) can result in high early compressive strength for a constant
slump.

Permeability: Reduced water/cement ratio increases density and

improves impermeability. Improved workability facilitates easy
placing and good compaction.

Page | 12
 2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Specific Gravity

Test Procedure
o Determine and record the weight of empty clean and dry pycnometer, W1.
o Place 300gm dry material in the pycnometer.
o Determine and record the weight of pycnometer containing the dry material,
W2.
o Add distilled water to fill about half to three-fourth of the pycnometer. Soak
the sample for 10 minute.
o Apply a partial vacuum tube and carefully remove the vacuum lime from
pycnometer.
o Stop the vacuum and carefully remove the vacuum the lime from the
pycnometer.
o Fill the pycnometer with distilled water; clean the exterior surface of the
pycnometer with a clean, dry cloth.
o Determine the weight of the pycnometer and contains, W3.
o Empty the pycnometer and clean it. Then fill it with distilled water only.
Clean the exterior surface of the pycnometer with clean, dry cloth.
o Determine the weight of the pycnometer and distilled water, W4.
o Empty the pycnometer and clean it.

Table 1: Specific Gravity of Materials

Sr. No. Material Specific Gravity

1 Cement 3.15
2 Gujcon Fiber 1.4
3 Coarse Aggregate 2.86
4 Fine Aggregate 2.55
5 Super Plasticizer 1.16
6 Water 1

Page | 13
2.2 Sieve Analysis

Table 2: Sieve Analysis

Sr. No. Sieve Size Fine (% passing) Coarse (% passing)

1 20 mm 100 100
2 12.5 mm 100 97.83
3 10 mm 100 44.16
4 4.75 mm 90.67 2.89
5 2.36 mm 69.41 -
6 1.18 mm 47.41 -
7 600 microns 25.63 -
8 300 microns 2.88 -
9 150 microns 0.48 -

Page | 14
2.3 Mixed Design

Design situation for M 40 grade concrete:

1) Design stipulation:

a) Characteristics compressive strength=40 N/mm2

b) Maximum size of aggregate=20 mm(angular)
c) Degree of workability (slump value) =50 to 100mm
d) Degree of quality control=Good
e) Type of exposure=Mild

2) Test data for materials:

a) Cement used: Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53

b) Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
c) Aggregates: Fine aggregates coarse aggregates
Specific gravity 2.54 2.63

Fine Aggregate(Sand):

IS sieve size Fine aggregate (% passing) Remark

10mm 100

4.75mm 90.67 Zone-II sand as per

2.36mm 69.41 Table-4 of IS 383-
1970
1.18mm 47.41

600µ 25.63

300µ 2.88

150µ 0.48

Page | 15
1) TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING:

f'ck =fck + 1.65 s

Where,

f'ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days;

fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days = 40MPa;

s = standard deviation from below table = 5 N/mm2

Hence, Target mean strength = 40+1.65×5 = 48.25 N/mm2

Page | 16
2) SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO: From following of figure, for
free w/c ratio required for the target mean strength of 48.5N/mm2 is 0.45.

From following figure 28 days’ strength of cement 62 N/mm2 (53grade cement), for
curve D, the free water cement ratio is 0.45.

From following table, the maximum free water –cement ratio for “Mild exposure” is
0.55.
Exposure Condition Maximum Water Cement Ratio

Mild 0.55

Moderate 0.45

Severe 0.35

Hence, the free water cement ratio is taken as the minimum of above three values=0.45.

3) ESTIMATION OF AIR CONTENT:

For maximum size of aggregate of 20mm, the air content is taken as 2.0%.

Page | 17
4) CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

From following table for 20mm nominal aggregate and sand conforming to zone-II,

Water content per cubic meter of concrete=186 kg

Sand = 37 % of total aggregate by absolute volume

For change in values in water-cement ratio, compacting factor and sand belonging to
Zone-II the following adjustments are required:

Required water content=197 x 0.80 = 157.6kg/m3

5) DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

Water-cement ratio=0.45

Water=157.6 litre = 158kg

W/c =0.45

157.6w/c=0.45

C = 350.22kg/m3

350.22kg/m3>300kg/m3…. OK

The cement content is adequate for mild exposure condition.

6) DETERMINATION OF FINE AGGREGATE AND COARSE

AGGREGATE CONTENT:
Consider volume of concrete=1 m3

V= [W+(C/SC) + (fa/P×Sfa]/1000
1= [157.6+ (350.22/3.15) + (fa/0.37×2.54)] ×1000
Fa= 767.82 kg……………………………. mass of F.A.

V= [W+(C/SC) + (fa/ (1-P) ×SCa]/1000

0.98= [157.6 + (350.22 /3.15) + (fa/ (1-0.37) ×2.63)] ×1000
Ca=1265.88 kg……………………………. mass of C.A.

Page | 18
 MIX PROPERTIONS (By Mass):

Water Cement F.A. C.A.

157.6 liters 350.22 Kg/m3 767.82 Kg/m3 1265.88 Kg/m3

0.45 1 2.19 3.61

 Mix Design detailed for M40 (For 1 𝒎�of concrete)

o Cement – 350.22 kg/m3

o Fine aggregate – 767.82 kg/m3
o Coarse aggregate – 12265.88 kg/m3
o Water – 157.6 lit/m3

 Chemical admixture: Super plasticizer admixture

We use a RADWOP 337 Super plasticizer. It is used 2.00 % of cement.

Page | 19
2.4 Preparation of Cube, Mixing of Concrete, Casting, & Curing

Preparation of Cube:

o In order to estimate and compare compressive strength concrete with partially

VFP replaced with cement, cube of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm is casted
in gunmetal cubes. The cubes were made so as to facilitate to removal of
cubed specimen without any damage. Each cube was inspected to prevent any
leakage during compaction and that the dimension of the cube was accurate
within allowable limits. Before filling the concrete, the cubes were cleaned
and the inner surface of the cube was greased to prevent sticking of the
concrete to the sides of the cubes.

Mixing of Concrete:

o All the materials were stored at the room temperature after arrival at the
laboratory. Sand and coarse aggregates used for experimental study were well
washed to remove all the impurities and then allowed to dry. All the materials
were poured in the concrete mixture in required proportion by weight
batching except water.
o After 2 to 3 minutes of dry mix of the material, the water of required quantity
was added in the mixture by weight and the mix was mixed again for 2 to 3
minutes. The mix was hand mixed and taken for the fresh concrete testing and
casting of the specimens. Proper care was also taken that the testing on fresh
concrete can be completed within proper time limit.

Casting and Curing:

o The fresh concrete was then poured in the cube after proper mixing. All the
surfaces of the cubes were cleaned using the wire brush each and every time
before pouring the concrete. The bolts of the cube were also changed after
every four concrete batches to avoid any leakage problem. After pouring the
concrete in cubes, the cubes were put on the platform vibrator for proper
compaction. The vibrator was then stopped and after finishing top surface of
cube, the cubes were kept as it is for 24 hours. Care was taken to prevent the

Page | 20
 moisture evaporation and to maintain the humidity by covering the filled
cubes with wet jute/gunny bags. The cubes were then opened next day by
taking care that the surface of the concrete should not be disturbed.
o The specimens were then put for curing in water curing tank inside the
laboratory to maintain proper temperature. The curing period was kept 7 to
28 days and for proper curing, the curing tanks were cleaned and water was
changed at every 15 days. Concrete derives its strength by the hydration of
cement particles. The hydration of cement is a long-lasting process. The rate
of hydration is fast to start with, but continues over a very long period of time
at a decreasing rate. Ambient temperature is very much important in case of
curing as hydration is very much affected due to change of this ambient
temperature. For that curing tanks are kept inside the laboratory and where
direct sun light is not reached. After 7 and 28 days of curing, the specimens
were taken out from the curing tank and kept for drying the surfaces at normal
temperature. The saturated and surface dry specimens were then taken for
testing of hardened concrete.

Page | 21
2.5 Testing Process

2.5.1 Testing for Properties of Fresh Concrete

After proper mixing of the concrete, the fresh concrete was taken for testing its
several properties such as slump value which are described below:

Slump Test:

General:
It is very essential for concrete to have good workability so that entrapped air
can be easily removed by minimum effort of compaction. In field conditions it is
mostly observed that workability may vary from batch to batch due to many reasons.
The most common reasons being batching error of water, presence of surface
moisture on aggregates and absorption of water by dry aggregates. Slump test for
workability is the simplest test and is most often used at construction sites and must
be carried out using the apparatus complying to IS: 7320-1974. It must be taken by
trained personnel. Large variations can occur if the person taking the test is not
trained to accurately execute the test. Slump cone used by Civil Engineers is like the
stethoscope used by Doctors. Slump test gives the pulse of fresh concrete and
indicates the extent to which it is workable and cohesive. It is common, simple,
convenient and inexpensive test, but it may not be a good indicator of workability of
recycled aggregate concrete. The slump test may be used as a quality control test to
monitor the RCA consistency from batch to batch. One can get a barely good idea of
cohesiveness by gently topping the platform on which one stands. A good cohesive
mix subsides further without segregation tending to fall out of the mix during tapping.
Harshness can be detected by toweling under pressure.

Because of simplicity in performing the experiment and its sensitivity to

changes in moisture content of the successive intended ingredients mixed, it is widely
used in the field for judging the workability.

Slump test is not adequate for measuring the actual workability of RCA.
Because during mixing and placing concrete, the reduction in fluidity or mobility of
mixes does not co-related with the reduction in slump. For higher reduction in slump,
the reduction in the mobility and fluidity is much lesser.

The concrete slump can vary from zero for dry (stiff) mixes to complete collapse
for very wet and lean mixes. This test is not very accurate for very stiff mixes and

Page | 22
 therefore, the compaction factor test is generally used in the practice. However,
unless absolutely necessary very stiff mixes are not desirable and quite often not
used. The accuracy of the slump test is generally limited to within about 25 mm of
the intended value when workability of each batch is compared with earlier batches.
Three types of slumps are obtained (1) True slump (2) Shear slump & (3) Collapse
slump.

Collapse slump is normally obtained with lean, harsh, or very wet mix. It is
difficult to measure slump when shear slump is obtained. Generally concrete giving
shear or collapse slump are considered unsatisfactory for placing. Rich mixes
normally behave better than lean, dry and very wet mixes and fig. shows in various
ty pes of slumps and slump test apparatus also.

Figure 1 Types of slump

 Procedure:

Test is conducted in following manner as soon as mixing of various materials

and variations in recycled aggregate concrete.

The internal surface of the cube and top surface of the base plate were thoroughly
cleaned and made free from super flows moisture and set concrete. Stand the cone on
the base plate and stand with your feet on the foot rests or clamp the cone firmly with
the base. Use the scoop to fill the cone to about one fourth of its height and tamp this
layer of concrete exactly 25 times using the tamping rod. Add three further layers of
about 75 mm height each, rodding each layer exactly 25 times allowing the rod to
penetrate into the layer below. After rodding the top layer make sure that there is a
slight surcharge of concrete at the top. Use the steel float and strike off the surplus
concrete at the top. Clean the cone and base plate without disturbing the foot hold or

Page | 23
 clamping devise. Hold the cone handles firmly pushing downwards and release the foot
hold or clamps. Hold the cone handles and carefully lift the cone straight up till such
time concrete is released from within the cone. Turn the cone upside down and place it
close to the slumped concrete on the base plate. Rest the tamping rod on the inverted
cone fully across the top so that it reaches over the slumped concrete. Using a steel ruler
measure from the underside of the rod to the highest point of the concrete. If the distance
is say 75 mm, the concrete slump will be 75 mm. Accuracy of the measurement should
be within 5 mm. Results are prepared in the successive chapter.

Figure 2 Slump Test

2.5.2 Testing for Hardened Concrete

After testing properties of fresh concrete, the tests on properties of hardened concrete
are discussed below in which, instrumentation, procedure and observations made
during tests are discussed.

Compression test

General:

The instruments used for the axial compression testing were compression testing
machine, two dial gauges and two metal rings. The compressive testing machine

Page | 24
 generally used to find out the compressive strength of the concrete cubes and cylinders.
It generally consists of a motor and dial gauges. The motor exhibits the power to apply
compressive force and the dial gauge shows the respective readings. The capacity of
compressive testing machine generally ranges from 0 kN to 2000kN. Compression
testing machine was used to find out the compressive strength of both recycled
aggregate concrete and conventional concrete specimens in the research study.

 Procedure:
1) All cubes and other specimens are marked. Cubes were removed from curing tank
and wiped to remove the surface water. The bearing plates were cleaned to remove
the rambled material of previous testing. The cubes were placed between the plates.
2) We can use the wooden sheet between bearing plate and top surface of the specimen
so that specimen can have a good and uniform seating and load can be applied at the
slow rate without any jerk and shock till the specimen fails and no further load can
be applied. The load at failure was recorded with much accuracy.
3) Care must be taken in testing the specimens after removal from the curing tank
without wasting much time. They should be in saturated and surface dry condition.
Load must be applied in the center. Even a small eccentricity causes serious
deviations in the results. Average of three values is taken as the compressive strength
for a particular mix type. Compressive strength was determined by dividing the
maximum load (N) by the cross sectional area (mm2). Seven cubes for each mix were
casted and tested in compressive testing machine. The compressive strength results
are taken average of each three cubes after 7 days and other four cubes after 28 days
in a systematic manner.

Figure 3 Compression test

Page | 25
Observations made during the Test:

For the control mixes concrete, as soon as the load was applied, the steel plate
and wooden ply sheet started to adjust with the irregularities on the top surface of the
specimen, after few seconds the specimen started taking load, which was also indicated
through the dial gauges. As the load was increased the deformation was also increased.
After reaching the maximum value the load was started to decrease but the deformation
of the cube was increasing until failure of the concrete specimen.

Page | 26
 3. IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Mix Design Proportion

 We preferred many research paper they all are going for a 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%
variation. We are finding a 1% to 2% bend is more sufficient for a more compressive
strength & Flexural strength.

Table 3 Design Mix Proportion for Various Concrete

Sr. No. Concrete Type Gujcon %

1 B1 1.25% Added

2 B2 1.50% Added

3 B3 1.75% Added

4 B4 2.25% Added

Table 4 Concrete Design Mix (M40) Proportion

Sr. No. Concrete Concrete Design Mix Proportions (1𝒎 �)

type
Water Cement F.A. C.A. Gujcon
(Lit.) (Kg) (Kg) (Kg) (gm)

1 B1 157.6 350.22 767.82 1265.88 438

2 B2 157.6 350.22 767.82 1265.88 525

3 B3 157.6 350.22 767.82 1265.88 612

4 B4 157.6 350.22 767.82 1265.88 789

Page | 27
3.2 Result

 By adding the GUJCON fiber with concrete mix design we can increase the following
properties of the concrete.
 Increase in flexural strength by 19%.
 Increase in compression strength by 15%.

 Find the better percentage of the GUJCON fiber and less use of fiber and get a more
compression and flexural strength.

 Project 1 Result

 Project 2 Result

Page | 28
 4. Conclusion
 The efficient utilization of fibrous concrete involves improved static and dynamic
properties like flexural strength, compression strength, etc.

 It will, however be wrong to say that fibrous concrete will provide a universal solution
to the problems associated with plain concrete.

 Enhances the life of structure.

 By adding the GUJCON fiber with concrete mix design we can increase the following
properties of the concrete.

 Increase in flexural strength by 19%.

 Increase in compression strength by 15%.

Page | 29
 5. References

 Book: - Concrete Technology and Practice

M.S. Shetty

S. Chand & Company ltd.

 Brochure: - By Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited.

 Paper: - Aiswarya Sukumar, Elson John, "Fiber Addition and Its Effect On
Concrete Strength”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering, Sep 2014, Vol. 1, Issue 8.
 Amit Rai, Dr. Y.P. Joshi, “Applications and Properties of Fiber Reinforced
Concrete”, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, May 2014,
Vol. 4, Issue 5.
 Kolli.Ramujee, “Strength Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced
Concrete”, Int. Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, Aug 2013, Vol. 2, Issue 8.
 T. Sandeep, “Recron Medium Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, Int. Journal
in IT & Engineering, April 2015, Vol. 3, Issue 4.
 IS Code: - 456:2000,10262:2009,383.

Page | 30