AUTOMATIC CAR PARK

BARRIER SYSTEM
 What Are Car Park Barriers
● IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS BOOM BARRIERS.
● IT IS A BAR PIVOTED TO ALLOW THE BOOM TO
BLOCK VEHICULAR ACCESS THROUGH A
CONTROLLED POINT.
● THEY CAN PAIRED AS 2Q OR 4Q.
● TYPICALLY THE TIP OF A BOOM GATE RISES IN A
VERTICAL ARC TO A NEAR VERTICAL POSITION.
● BOOM GATES ARE OFTEN COUNTERWEIGHTED, SO
THE POLE IS EASILY TIPPED.
contd….

● THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGY USED IN MAKING

CPB IS ELECTROMECHANICAL, FOR ITS RELIABILITY.
● THEY COME WITH 24V DC DRIVE AND CAN RUN
CONTINUOUSLY FOR DAYS.
contd…...

AN AUTOMATIC BOOM BARRIER CAN BE OPERATED

THROUGH

● PUSH BUTTON
● REMOTE CONTROL
● RFID TAGS / RFID READER
● LOOP DETECTORS
● ANY THIRD PARTY ACCESS CONTROL DEVICE
 DESIGN & OPERATION
Two approaches explored to achieve the desired objective design,
construction and deployment of the barrier were.

● In the first approach, the design involved use of programmable

integrated circuit (pic) for control; magnetic card encoder/reader
and infrared sensors for gaining access and another ic to interface
motor arms to pic.
● In the second approach, indoor push buttons and gang of relay
were used in the design
 COMPONENTS
POWER SUPPLY
The Gate Barrier Unit
● This unit comprises of 12V DC motors and rectangular hollow aluminum
bars.
● The DC motor arms were interfaced with the microcontroller via an
integrated circuit ULN2003A
● since direct connection to the microcontroller is not possible in the first
design approach while in the second case; there is no need of using such IC
to interface with the relay gang.
● Aluminum bars are chosen to ensure light load for the motors and have to
be split into two equal halves for span of each of the entrances to avoid
deflection, twisting or instability of the bar that may result when a single
full length is used.
 DESIGN USING PIC18F412
● The barrier system employed magnetic card reader/encoder to control
access at the IN- gate where ticketing is required.
● When a car approaches the IN-gate, an encoded magnetic card is
swiped across the magnetic card reader slot.
● The magnetic card reader is connected via UART to the
microcontroller, which is at the heart of the control logic.
● The microcontroller then processed the data sent by the magnetic card
reader. If the data is found valid, the gate opens.
● There is an infrared sensor arrangement that beams signal between a
pair of transmitter and receiver across the passage.
● The gate remains open until the entering car crossed and blocks the
blinking infra-red beam.
● This is made to prevent the gate’s bar from doing any damage to the
vehicle passing through.
● At the OUT-gate, the control mechanism consists of two pairs of
infrared sensors arrangement. When a car arrives at the passageway, it
blocks a blinking infra-red beam.
● This break in the infrared beam is detected by the microcontroller
which is at the center of the barrier system operation. Under the
command of the microcontroller, the actuator (which is made of a pair
of DC motor arms) is energized to open the gate and remains so until
the second sensor arrangement on the other side of the gate is crossed.
 Design involving Push Buttons
● The barrier system employed in-door push buttons to control access at
the two entrances.
● The logic is provided by a bank of four electric relays, working in pair
for opening (RL1 and RL2) and closing (RL3 and RL4) of the barrier
system.
● When a car approaches the in-gate, the operator checked the status of
the approaching car whether it belongs to staff or not.
● After confirming this PB1 button would be pressed to open the gate for
the car to gain entrance.
● The barrier remains in that position until the return button PB2 is
pressed to close the barrier.
● At the out-gate two indoor buttons (PB1 and PB2) are provided
to control exit out of the park with an officer in position to
operate the buttons as appropriate.
● A total of 8 relays are used(4 for each gate).
TRUTH TABLE FOR RELAYS R1-R4
 CONCLUSION
● It gives value to the job of officers manning the gate and enhances their
performances.
● Also, when deployed in a car park it can reduces the required number of
officers manning a gate thereby creating room for better and efficient
utilization of available workforce to an organization.
● Lastly, the automated barrier system is not difficult to construct and the
components / modules are readily available in the market.
● Field deployment only requires a bigger motor that has gear to effectively
and efficiently hold firm the bar that constitute the physical barrier.