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MICROBIOLOGY?
Acellular microbes include The DNA (genetic material) of In nature, most bacteria are
viruses and prions. prokaryotes is usually a single, found sticking to solid surfaces,
Cellular microbes include circularly arranged including other cells, rather
all bacteria, all archaea, than free-floating.
chromosome and is not
some algae, all protozoa, The glycocalyx is the glue that
and some fungi. surrounded by a membrane
holds the cells in place.
ARCHAE
A
Prokaryotic organisms in the Domain Archaea were discovered in 1977.
Although they were once referred to as archaebacteria (or archaebacteria),
most scientists now feel that there are sufficient differences between archaea
and bacteria to stop referring to archaea as bacteria. Archae means “ancient,”
and the name archaea was originally assigned when it was thought that these
prokaryotes evolved earlier than bacteria. Genetically, even though they are
prokaryotes, archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to
bacteria; some possess genes otherwise found only in eukaryotes.
PARTS FUNCTION
GLYCOCALYX (PINK A coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves
COATING) protective, adhesive, and receptor functions. It may fit tightly or be
very loose and diffuse.
BACTERIAL Composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all genetics
CHROMOSOME OR and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins.
NUCLEOID
PILUS An elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other
cells.
PLASMID Double-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes.
RIBOSOMES Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of
protein synthesis.
ACTIN Long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell
CYTOSKELETON membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell.
FLAGELLUM Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds
a long, rotating filament. The movement pushes the cell forward and
provides motility.
FIMBRIAE Fine, hair like bristles extending from the cell surface that help in
adhesion to other cells and surfaces.
INCLUSION/GRANULE Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in
dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed.
CELL WALL A semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the
cell.
CELL A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and
(CYTOPLASMIC) controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool.
MEMBRANE
ENDOSPORE (NOT Dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their
SHOWN) survival in adverse conditions.
Microbiology
CELLULAR
STRUCTURES
AND
FUNCTIONS
Microbiology
CELLULAR
STRUCTURES
AND
FUNCTIONS