Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 148

Òe¨envwiKÓ

evsjv‡`k Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ


K‡jR
we,Gm,wm-Abvm©& †Kvm©
dvBbvj cix¶v-2005
wefvM t M„ne¨e¯’vcbv I
M„nvqb|
bvg t
‡ivj bs t
‡iwRt bs t
‡mkb t 2004-2005
welq t
‡Kvm©& bs t H.M.-103
ZË¡veav‡b,
wkgyjZv g„av
bvwmgv bvmixb
M„n-e¨e¯’vcbv I M„nvqb
wefvM
Ò m~Px cÎ Ó

welq t c„ôv
bs-

K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi 1
gyLeÜ 2
Industry-Gi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek `~lY I Zvi cÖfve
f~wgKv 3-4
Industry-ch©‡e¶‡bi D‡Ïk¨- 5
BU Drcv`b c×wZ 6-7
gš—e¨ 8-
11

mviYx t-
mviYx-1 12
mviYx-2 13
mviYx-3 14
mviYx-4 15
mviYx-5 16

Dcmsnvi 17
- K…ZÄZv ¯^xKvi -

Avwg evsjv‡`k Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ K‡j‡Ri ÒM„n-


e¨ve¯’vcbv I M„nvqbÓ wefv‡Mi GK Rb QvÎx| Avgv‡`i
ÒM„n e¨e¯’vcbv I M„nvqbÓ wefv‡Mi mKj QvÎx‡K 2005
mv‡ji 1g el© Final Examination Gi Ask wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
(Industry) KviLvbv ¸‡jv wK fv‡e cwi‡ek `~lY Ki‡Q Ges
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve m¤ú©‡K© GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b
†jLv Avek¨K| evsjv‡`‡ki me (Industry) KviLvbv ¸‡jvi `~lY
Ges Gi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b †jLv Avgv‡`i Øviv m¤
¢e bq ZvB Avgiv GKUv B‡Ui fvUvi Øviv cwi‡ek `ylY Ges
Zvi cÖfve wb‡qv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wm×vš— wb‡hwQ|
GB cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi Rb¨ Avgiv D³ B‡Ui fvUvi mKj
kªwgK‡`i Kv‡P K…ZÁ| KviY Zviv G fvUvi bvbwea
mgm¨v I Kvh©v`x m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q|
G cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi Rb¨ Avgiv D³ fvUvi Manager Gi
Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| †Kbbv wZwb G fvUv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i‡K
bvbviƒc Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb hv m¤ú‡K© Avgiv AÁZv
wQjvg|

G cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi Rb¨ Avgiv D³ fvUvi we‡kl wKQy


kªwg‡Ki Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| KviY Zviv fvUv KZ©„K myweav I
Amyweav Ges Zv‡`i mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i cÖPzi
Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q G cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Z_¨ msMÖ‡n
Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek Awa`ßi‡KI |
Zviv bvbv iKg Z_¨ w`‡q Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb|
Òg~LeÜÓ

¯^vaxbZv DËi MÖvg †_‡K wQbœg~j gvby‡li `j kn‡i


Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| me©nviv n‡q MÖvg †_‡K Giv kn‡i Avm‡Q
I kn‡ii RbmsL¨v µgkt †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Avi Gme fvmgvb
gvbyl kn‡ii wewfbœ Awj‡Z Mwo‡Z M‡W Zzj‡Q ew¯—|
hvi `vi“b cwi‡ek n‡”Q `~wlZ| KviY Zv‡`i Dchy³
cqtwb®‹vkb I †Wª‡bR e¨e¯’v †bB| Zviv †hLv‡b †mLv‡b
gjZ¨vM K‡i Ges AveR©bv †d‡j| G Qvov AcwiKwíZ fv‡e
KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi Kvi‡Yi cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q|

Gme KviLvbvi eR© †hLv‡b †mLv‡b †djv nq Ges KviLvbv


†_‡K welv³ †auvqv wbM©Z nq hv cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi GKwU
cÖavb KviY| Pvgovi KviLvbv cwi‡ek `~l‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg
cÖavb KviY| 270 wU Pvgov KviLvbvi 90% B Ae¯’vb
XvKvi nvRvixevM| Gme eR¨© Acmvi‡bi myôz †Kvb
cÖwµqv M‡o I‡Vwb| d‡j evq~ `~lY †iva Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q
bv| nvRvix - ev‡Mi gvby‡l N‡ii `iRv R¡vbvjv eÜ K‡iI
`yM©Ü †_‡K wb¯—vi cvq bv| GK ms¯’vi M‡elYvi †`Lv
hvq †h, nvRvixev‡Mi Kg©iZ 89% kªwgK †Kvb bv †Kvb
†iv‡M Avµvš— |

mviv we‡k¦i cwi‡ek AvR gvivÍe wech©‡qi A¤§yLxb|


cwi‡ek‡K GB wech©‡qi nvZ †_‡K GLbB i¶v Kivi e¨e¯’v
MÖnY bv Ki‡j GKw`b Zv emev‡mi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q co‡e|
GB †c¶vc‡U Avgiv Avgv‡`i ivRavbx XvKvi eZ©gvb
Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y K‡i ÔB‡Ui fvUv KZ©„K bMi Rxe‡b
cwi‡ek `ylY I cÖfveÔ †K cÖwe‡e`‡bi welq wnmv‡e
wbe©vPb K‡iwQ Ges Gi Øviv gvbyl‡K Gi cÖfve
m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ|
“Industry Gi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek `~lY I Zvi
cÖfveÓ
fzwgKv t-
mf¨Zvi ïi“ †_‡KB bMi mf¨Zvi weKvk jvf Ki‡_ _v‡K|
bMiB g~jZt mf¨Zvi wfwË| bMi n‡”Q AwZ ¯^í cwimi
GjvKvq AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq AwaK msL¨K †jvK GK‡Î evm Kiv|
Avi Gi d‡j Zviv KvuPv Ni ev cÖvPxb c×wZ I †Q‡o `vjvb
†KvVv ev Building ˆZix K‡i evm Ki‡Q| eZ©gvb wek¦
e¨e¯’vq AwZ AvaywbK cÖhyw³ I DbœZ KvwiMix
cwiKíbvq bMi jvf Ki‡Q AvaywbK †_‡K AvaywbKZi we¯—
…Z| AwZ wkívq‡bi d‡j ivmvqwbK cÖfve, †gvUi PvwjZ
hvbevn‡bi AvwaK¨, Industry †_‡K wbM©Z Kv‡jv †auvqv I
AcwiKwíZ bMivqbB g~jZt cwi‡em‡K gvivÍK fv‡e `„wlZ
Ki‡Q| eZ©gvb Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jvi evZv‡m gvivÍK
M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i gvÎv w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| we‡k¦i
gvbyl cÖwZwbqZB wbtk¦v‡mi mv‡_ †U‡b wb‡”Q gvivÍK
`~iv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa| Kve©b-g‡bv·vBW, wmmv,
†K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b, mvjdvi-WvB-A·vBW, Kve©b-
WvB-A·vB‡Wi g‡Zv welv³ M¨v‡mi gvÎv w`b w`b wec`
mxgv AwZµg K‡i wZ‡jvËgv c„w_ex‡K emev‡mi
Abyc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Q|

mviv we‡k¦ GB cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wei“‡× †m”Pvi n‡jI Gi


gvÎv w`b w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q hv AvMvgx cÖR‡¤§i Rb¨
gvivÍK ûgwK miƒc| cwi‡ek Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Póv m¤úÖwZ
Kv‡j GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q|
RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q ivóª mgyn wg‡j
mw¤§wjZ e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ m‡Póv| 1972 mv‡j gvbe
cwi‡ek welvhK RvwZ-msN m‡¤§jb nIqvi ci †_‡K cwi‡ek
m‡PZbZvi G iƒcwU we‡kl fv‡e aiv c‡o‡Q| 1992 mv‡j
cwi‡ek I Dbœqb welvqK m‡¤§j‡b M„nxZ wewfbœ
†Nvlbv I Pzw³‡Z Zv ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`k GKwU †QvU †`k| RbmsL¨v cÖPzi Ges we‡k¦i


`wi`ªZg †`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU LyavwcwoZ, `wi`ª, e¨vwa,
cÖvK…ZwK wech©q Ges Awk¶v I A`¶¨Zv hvi bxZ¨
m½x| DcišË Gm‡ei g‡a¨ †hvM n‡q‡Q cwi‡ek wech©q|
†fŠMwjK fv‡e I bvRyK Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y Ges ˆewk¦K
mgm¨vq G †`kwUi wewjb nIqvi m¤¢ebv me‡P‡q †ekx|
MÖxb nvD‡mi cÖfv‡ei d‡j we‡k¦i me mvMi-gnv mvM‡ii
cvwb e„w× †c‡j e‡½vmvM‡ii Øviv G †`‡ki wbævÂj ev
cyivUvB Zwj‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| GQvov cwi‡e‡ki
†h †Kvb ai‡bi eo wech©q †gvKv‡ejv Kivi g‡Zv cÖhyw³ I
A_© ev m¤ú` G †`‡ki †bB|

eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k miKvi cwi‡ek msi¶‡b m‡ev”P©


¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Gi Kvi‡Y G‡Ki ci GK D‡jL‡hvM¨ c`‡¶c
MÖnb Ki‡Qb| (†bgc) NEMP Kvh©µg GKwU AbyKiwbq
c`‡¶c Ges 1992 mv‡ji awiÎx m‡¤§j‡b M„nxZ G‡RÛv-21
ev¯—evq‡b AvswkK kZ© c~iY n‡e GB Kvh©µ‡gi
AvIZvq| RvZxq cwi‡ek e¨ve¯’vcbv Kvh©µg ev NEMP nj
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwi‡ek I eb gš¿vbvjq KZ…©K †`k Z_v
mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—‡ii gvby‡li m‡½ Av‡jvPbv I
civgk©µ‡g Ges Z…Yg~j ch©vq ch©š— me wKQyi
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wbw`ó| Zv‡`i AskMÖn‡b GKwU
Kg©m~Px `wjj hvi †ek wKQy Kg©m~Px eZ©gv‡b
NEMP cÖK‡íi AvIZvq ev¯—evwqZ n‡”Q| cwi‡ek i¶vq
miKv‡ii `„p A½xKvi cÖwZdwjZ n‡”Q| m¤úÖwZ cwi‡ek
msi¶b AvBb 1995 Gi ms‡kvab cwi‡ek Av`jZ 2000 Gi
AvBb cÖbq‡bi gva¨‡g|

cwi‡ek Awa`ßi KZ…©K cwi‡ek msi¶b AvBb 1995 Gi


ms‡kvabx 2000 Ges cwi‡ek msi¶b wewagvjv 1997 Gi
AvIZvq wbqwZg fv‡e gvwU, cvwb I evq~y `~l‡Yi
gwbUwis Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q Avm‡Qb| cwi‡ek Awa`ßi
BwZg‡a¨ evwn¨K cwi‡ek mgm¨v †hgb- Rievqy ev
AvenvIqv cwieZ©b Ges IRb ¯—‡iiLq †iv‡a wewfbœ
Kvh©µg MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g Avš—Rv©wZK Aw½Kvi i¶v K‡i
P‡j‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki XvKvmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖavb kni ¸wji evq~
`~lY †iv‡a wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki Av_©xK mvnv‡h¨ ev¯ZevqxZ
n‡”Q Gqvi †KvqvwjwU g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖ‡R±| Ab¨w`‡K
KvbvWxq wmWv-i Av_©xK mvnv‡h¨ AviI GKwU cÖKí
Òevsjv‡`k cwi‡ek e¨e¯’vcbv cÖKíÓ ev¯—evqxZ n‡”Q
hvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ cwi‡ek Awa`߇ii Kvh©vejx‡K kw³kvjx Kiv|
evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb †c¶vc‡U cwi‡ek `~lY GKwU Ab¨Zg
cÖ`vb mgm¨v| GwU Ggb GKUv mgm¨v hv Avgv‡`i
Am‡PZbZvi Rb¨ w`b w`b gvivÍK AvKvi avib Ki‡Q| g~jZt
Gme Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j welq e¯Ë wnmv‡e
G welqwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kvib GB welq m¤ú‡K©
hw` RbMb m‡PZb nq Z‡e wKQyUv n‡jI cwi‡ek `ylY †iva
Kiv m¤¢e-ci n‡e| Avi G `~lY †iv‡ai †Póv hw` GLb †_‡K
bv Kiv nq Z‡e Zv Ggb GK ch©v‡q †h‡q `vov‡e hv
cieZx©‡Z A‡bK RvwZi Aw¯—‡Z¡i c‡¶B ûgwK n‡q
`vov‡e|

Avi ZvB Avgv‡`i fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ my›`i I my¯’¨ Rxeb


wbðxZ Ki‡b Avgv‡`i meviB cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb
nIqv DwPZ Ges cwi‡ek‡K `~lY gy³ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv
MÖnb Kiv DwPZ|
ÒIndustry- ch©‡e¶‡bi D‡Ïk¨Ó

Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡e`‡bi gyj welq e¯Ë nj gvV ch©v‡q


Industry ¸‡jv wKfv‡e cwi‡ek `~lY Ki‡Q Ges cvwievwiK
Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve wKiƒc| Avgiv Industry wnmv‡e GKUv B‡Ui
fvUv cwi`k©b Kwi| KviY ej‡Z †Kvb wKQy Drcv`b
cÖwZôvb Avi GLv‡b B‡Ui fvUv nj BU Drcv`‡bi GKUv
cÖwZôvb| Avgiv †h fvUvwU cwi`k©b Kwi Zv XvKv †_‡K
wKQy `y‡i MvRxcyi K`©v| G fvUvi bvg A.B.C A_v©r
Avey eKi wmwÏK| Avgv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ wQj G fvUv Øviv
Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek KZLvwb `~wlZ n‡”Q, Gi cvwicvlx©K
cwi‡ek ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z wKbv, G‡Z KvR Kivq kªwgK ev
Avkcv‡ki gvby‡li †Kvb cÖKvi mgm¨v n‡”Q wKbv, n‡j Zv
wK cÖKvi mgm¨v G mKj welq m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

BU Drcv`b c×wZ t-
cÖ_‡g wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K gvwU msMÖn K‡i GKUv
wbw`©ó RvqMvq ¯’zc K‡i ivLv nq Ges cvZvj †_‡K
wUDK‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cvwbi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| Gi ci Av‡kcv‡k
GKUv mgZj RvqMvq gvwUi ¯’zc †_‡K gvwU G‡b †djv nq|
G gvwU †Kvu`vj w`‡q KzPuv‡q Zvi Dci cvwb wQwU‡q
wQwU‡q gvwU‡K big Kiv nq| Gi ci cvK‡gb †gwkb ev
Modling (gjwWs) †gwk‡bi g‡a¨ KzuPv‡bv gvwU I cvwb
w`‡q †gwkb Start †`qv nq| †gwkb Nyi‡Z _v‡K Ges gvwU-
cvwb wgwkªZ n‡q g‡Û cwibZ nq| gvwU I cvwb wgwkªZ
gÛ †Ku‡U †Ku‡U Dc‡i DVv‡q ¯’zc Kiv nh| BU ˆZwii Rb¨
wekvj cwimi gvV wbhy³ Kiv nh| G gv‡Vi Nvm I
AveR©bv cwi¯‹vi K‡i mgZj Kiv nh| G mgZj RvqMvi Dc‡i
nvjKv evwj Qov‡q †`qv nq|

Molding †gwkb Øviv K…Z gvwUi gÛ GKUv †QvU-Lv‡Uv


V¨vjv Mvwoi Øviv wb‡q D³ mgZj gv‡V GKUz ci ci †djv
nq| BU ˆZwii Rb¨ Kv‡Vi ˆZix †d«g ev QvP Av‡Q| Gi Pvwi
cvk mgvb Ges wb‡P fvUvi bv‡gi A¶i ev we‡kl wPü ev
cÖwZK _v‡K| K‡qK Rb kªwgK Gme Qv‡Pi gva¨‡g BU
ˆZwi K‡i| cÖ_‡g Zviv †d«‡gi Mv‡q evwj †g‡L †bq hv‡Z
†d«‡gi Mv‡q gvwU AvU‡K bv hvq| Zvi ci Zvi g‡a¨
wbw`©ó cwigvb gvwU w`‡q SuvwK‡q †d«gUv fivU K‡i
†bq Ges B‡Ui Ab¨ wcU mgvb Kivi Rb¨ GKUv wPKb Zvi
w`‡q gvwU †K‡U †bq| mgZj gv‡Vi Dci †d«gwU DcyW K‡i
BU ei K‡i †`q Ges GKB c×wZ‡Z Ab¨ BU ˆZwi Ki‡_ _v‡K|
GB BU Gfv‡e gv‡Vi g‡a¨ 2/3 ev 4 w`b †d‡j †i‡L ïKv‡bv
nq| BU ïKv‡q †M‡j Zv gv‡Vi GK cv‡k mvwi e× fv‡e
mvRv‡q ivLv nq| Ges †mKv‡b †_‡K wb‡q cyov‡bvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| BU †cvov‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡Vi GK cÖv‡š— Pvwi
cv‡k cÖvwP‡i w`‡q GKUv Pzjv ˆZwi Kiv nq| Gi gvSLv‡b
†avuqv †ei nIqvi Rb¨ GKUv wPgbx _v‡K| GB wPgbxi
g‡a¨ †iv‡` ïKv‡bv BU I Kqjv ev KvV w`‡q mvRv‡bv nh|
Gi ci Gi Pvwi cvk I Dci big gvwU w`‡q †j‡c †`qv nq| Ges
wKQy `yi ci ci Kqjv I KvV †`qvi Rb¨ gyL ivLv nq| G Pzjvi
Pvwicvk w`‡q wKQy`yi ci ci c_ _v‡K †hLvb w`‡q
cyov‡bv BU †ei Kiv nq|

BU cy‡o †c‡j wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wb‡q mvwi e× fv‡e


mvRv‡q ev cvBZ w`‡q ivLv nh| Ges c‡i †mLv‡b †_‡K
weµx Kiv nq| G BU Drcv`b eQ‡i 6 gvm Pvjy _v‡K Ges
evwK 6 gvm eÜ _v‡K| †hgb KwZ©K †_‡K ˆPÎ gvm ch©š
— GKv av‡i BU cyov‡bv nh| G me Pzjvq ïi“‡Z GK evi
Av¸b jvMv‡bv nq Avi GKvav‡i 3 gvm ch©š— G Av¸b
R¡j‡Z _v‡K| Aek¨ hw` Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb cÖKvi `~‡hv©M ev
cÖPzi e„wócvZ bv nh| fvUvi Pzjvi Pvwi cv‡k †h gyL _v‡K
Zvi gva¨‡g GK w`K w`‡h cyov‡bv BU †ei Kiv nh Ges
Ab¨ w`K w`‡h bZzb BU wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nh| Avi Dc‡i
w`‡q †h †QvU †QvU gyL ivLv nq Zv w`‡q R¡vjvbx
wnmv‡e KvV I Kqjv †`qv nq| d‡j Av¸b GKvav‡i 6 gvm
ch©š— R¡j‡Z _v‡K| R¡vjbx wnmv‡e KvV I Kqjvi mv‡_
Zviv Uhvi I e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| BU ˆZixi Rb¨ †e‡j gvwU
Qvov me ai‡bi gvwU †hgb- †`uvqvk, G‡Uj, BZ¨vw`
gvwU e¨envi Kiv nh| Z‡e Gu‡Uj gvwU w`‡q fvj I gReyZ
ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

A‡bK Amvay e¨emvqxiv BU ˆZixi gvwUi mv‡_ BDwiqv


mvi e¨envi K‡i, hvi d‡j B‡Ui is A‡bK †ekx jvj I †cvov‡U
nh| B‡Ui fvUv †_‡K cÖwZw`b cÖvq 30,000 cyov‡bv BU
†ei nq Avi G BU †cvov‡bvi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK 5 †_‡K mvu‡o 5
Ub Kqjv jv‡M| Kqjv e¨q eûj nIqvi Kqjvi mv‡_ KvV, Uqvi I
†Zj cyov‡bv nh| †h‡nZz †Zj w`‡j Kqjv Kg jv‡M| D³ fvUvi
wPgbxi D”PZv eZ©gvb 130 dzU hv Av‡M wQj gvÎ 90
dzU | G 130 dz‡Ui g‡a¨ 121 dzU †j‡ej Kiv B‡Ui Dc‡i Ges
evwK 9 dzU wb‡P| hLb BU cyo‡Z _v‡K ZLb wPgbxi Dci
w`‡h mv`v †auvqv †ei n‡Z _v‡K Ges hLb BU cy‡o hvq
ZLb Kv‡jv †avqv †ei n‡Z _v‡K|

G fvUvq cÖvq 300 i I AwaK kªwgK KvR K‡i| Gi g‡a¨


gwnjv I cyi“l DfqB Av‡Q hw`I gwnjvi msL¨v Kg| cyi“‡li
g‡a¨ wK‡kvi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †cŠo-e„× me ai‡bi †jvK Av‡Q|
G fvUvwU 4 weNv Rwgi Dci cÖwZwôZ| Rwgi gvwjK
RwgwU fvUvi gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q wjm& w`‡q‡Qb, hvi eve`
eQ‡i 14,000 UvKv Rwgi gvwjK‡K w`‡Z nq| cyil kªwgK‡`i
ˆ`wbK gRywi 100-150 UvKv Avi gwnjv‡`i gvÎ 60 UvKv|
me kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ 2Uv 3Uv Group G fvM Kiv _v‡K| me
MÖ“c †K GK mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z †`qv nq bv| GK MÖ“c
GKvav‡i `yÕmßvn KvR Kivi ci Zviv QywU‡Z _v‡K Ges
Ab¨ MÖ“c Kv‡R †hvM †`q|

cÖwZw`b wmÞ& wnmv‡m KvR Kiv nq| †hgb mKvj 6Uv


†_‡K †ejv 11 Uv I `ycyi 3Uv †_‡K mܨv 6 Uv ch©š—
KvR K‡i| Avi 24 N›Uvi evwK mgq Zviv wekªvg †bq|
Ògš—e¨Ó
BU Avgv‡`i GKUv cÖ‡qvRbx mvgMÖx| B‡Ui gva¨‡g
Avgiv cvKv Ni evwo, Factory, Industry, Awdm, Av`vjZ, iv¯—
vNvU BZ¨vw` ˆZix K‡i _vwK | A_P GB Drcv`b c×wZ
Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek‡K K‡i Zzj‡Q gvivÍK fv‡e `~lxZ-KjykxZ|
†ek Av‡M BU ˆZix nZ cvuRv cywo‡q| Zv‡Z †ek K‡qK
(2/3) j· BU I KvU mvwR‡q Av¸b awi‡q cywo‡q †djZ| wKš
— GLb Gi Pvwn`v †ekx nIqvq Drcv`b †ekx Ki‡Z fvUvi
cÖPjb N‡U‡Q| fvUvi gva¨‡g AwZ Aí mg‡h A‡bK †ewk BU
cyov‡bv hvq|

wKšË GB cuvRv ev fvUvi BU cyov‡bv d‡j G †_‡K


wbM©Z †auvqv evZv‡m wg‡k cwi‡ek‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q
gvivÍK ¶wZ KviK| ZvQvov Gi R¡vjvwb wnmv‡e e¨eüZ
n‡”Q eb-R½‡ji KvV| eb-R½j †_‡K KvV †K‡U eb-R½j Ki‡Q
DRvo| we‡k¦i †h †Kvb †`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiv 25 fvM
eb f‚wg _vKv Avek¨K| wKšË evsjv‡`‡k Zvi †gvU AvqZ‡ib
Zzjbvq eZ©gvb eb Av‡Q gvÎ 9%| 1992-93 mv‡ji Rwic
Abyhvqx †`Lv †M‡Q G †`‡ki eb-f‚wg wQj gvÎ 17%| Av‡¯
— Av‡¯— Zv Kg‡Q| GLbB Gi wei“‡× KwVb e¨e¯’v bv
wb‡j eb G‡K ev‡i wewjb n‡q hv‡e| hw`I eZ©gvb miKvi
fvUvq KvuV †cvov‡bvi Dci wb‡lavM Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb ZeyI
Pzwi K‡i †eAvBwb fv‡e GB KvV cyov‡bv n‡”Q|

G w`‡K eb-f‚wg wejywßi d‡j fvUv I bvbvwea Industry


†_‡K wbM©Z Co2 MvQ †kvlY Ki‡Z e¨v_© n‡”Q| d‡j
evZv‡m Co2 Gi cwigvb e„w× cv‡”Q Ges Zvi fvimvg¨
i¶vq e¨v_© n‡”Q| hvi Kvi‡Y aŸsm n‡”Q IRb ¯—i| Avi GB
IRb ¯—i †f` K‡i c„w_ex‡Z Avm‡Q m~‡q©¨i ¶wZ-Ki AwZ
†e¸bx iwk¥| hv wKbv bvbv fv‡e gvbyl I wewfbœ Rxe-
RšË‡K ax‡i ax‡i Ki‡Q gib g~Lx| AvBb Av‡Q †h, †h mg¯—
Industry i d‡j †jvKvj‡qi gvby‡li ¶wZ nq Zv †hb †jvKvjq
†_‡K wbw`ó© `y‡i ¯’vcb Kiv nq| wKšË Zv Agvb¨ Kiv
n‡”Q †hgb, Dry Factory fvUv BZ¨vw`| Gm‡ei d‡j †hgb
Zv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgKiv Avµvš— n‡”Q, †Zgwb bvbvwea
mgm¨vq f‚M‡Q Zvi Avk cv‡ki gvbyl|
D³ fvUvi Kg©iZ GKRb kªwgK nvmvb wgqv e‡jb, hLb
Avgiv fvUvi Pzjvi g‡a¨ BU I R¡vjvbx w`‡q _vwK ZLY
Av¸‡bi Zv‡c Avgv‡`i kixi A‡bK mgq cy‡o ev Sj‡l hvq|
Mv‡q †dvulKv c‡o, Mv‡qi g‡a¨ e¨vLv nh, gv_v e¨v_v
K‡i, k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi Kó nq| AviI GKRb kªwgK Kwigyb
†bQv e‡jb, duv‡K dvu‡K nv‡Zi Zvj~ I cv‡qi Zjv cy‡o hvq
I †duvlKv c‡o, †c‡Ui g‡a¨ e¨v_v K‡i, iv‡Z R¡i R¡i fve nh,
Kvco-‡Pvco bó nq BZ¨vw`| ZeyI Zviv †c‡Ui `v‡q GLv‡b
kªg wewµ Ki‡Z Av‡m|
Avwgb evRv‡ii †iv‡gj k¦vmZ‡š¿ msµvš— msµvg‡b
f‚M‡Q| Jl‡ai cvkv cvwk wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Zv‡K Avwgb
evRvi Qvo‡Z n‡e| KviY †mLvb Kvi evZv‡m †auvqv I
ayjvevwj GZ †ekx †h †iv‡g‡ji Zv mB‡e bv| cwðg w`K
w`‡q gnvbMix XvKvi cÖ‡ek c_ Avwgb evRv‡ii evZv‡m
GB `yl‡Yi cÖavb Drm B‡Ui fvUv| ZzivM Zx‡ii NbemwZ
c~Y© wRby gv‡K©U GjvKvq GKB Aew¯’Z GkvwaK
fvUvi| GB fvUv¸‡jv eQ‡ii 6 gvm cÖwZ wbqZ †h †auvqv ,
ayjv-evwj ev `yM©Ü Qovq Zv‡Z gvby‡li GjvKvq wU‡K
_vKv `vq| ¯’vwbq GK †`vKvb `vi e‡jb, hv‡`i UvKv-cqmv
Av‡Q Zviv GjvKv †Q‡o‡Qb| ZvQvov A‡b‡K H 6 gvm
GjvKvq _v‡Kb bv|

MveZjx, mvfvi Avïwjqv, MvwRcyi, gyÝxMÄ, †KivbxMÄ,


biwms`x, gvwbKMÄ I gnvbMix XvKvi Pvicv‡k Gme we¯
—xb© GjvKvq cÖvq 4 nvRvi B‡Ui fvUv Av‡Q G gvwjKiv
Rvbvb †QvU eo AvKvi †f‡` G‡KKwU BU fvUvq cÖwZ
†gŠmy‡g 400 †_‡K 1 nvRvi 200 †gwUªK Ub Kqjv
†cvov‡bv nh| GQvov Kqjvq Av¸b aiv‡Z G‡KKwU fvUvq
KvV jv‡M 200 †_‡K 800 gb| †m wnmv‡e GB 400 fvUvq
R¡vjvbx KvV †cv‡o 20 jvL gb| cÖwZ eQi A‡±vei -b‡f¤^i
†_‡K gvP©-GwcÖj ch©š— cÖvq 6 gvm BUfvUv ¸‡jv‡Z
Aweivg cyo‡Z _v‡K H Kqjv, cy‡iv GjvKv ZLb mv`v-Kv‡jv
†auvqvi KzÛjx‡Z Av”Qbœ n‡q hvq| evZv‡m †f‡m †eovq
kZ kZ Ub †auvqv, ayjv Avi AmsL¨ Kve©b Kbv| BU fvUv
msjMœ GjvKv mgy‡ni MvQcvjv, evwoNi, dm‡ji gvV
GgbwK gvby‡li kixi ch©š— Gme a~jv , †auvqv Avi
Kve©b Kbvi `L‡j P‡j hvq|

Gme a~jv I †auvqv BU fvUv¸‡jvi KvQvKvwQ GjvKvq


mxgve× _v‡K bv P‡j Av‡m cvk¦©eZx© GjvKvq| cwi‡ek
Awa`߇ii mswkó m~‡Î Rvbvq Pvicv‡ki GB fvUv¸‡jvi
Kvi‡Y `yB †÷ªvK wewkó †ewe I †U‡¤úv PjvPj eÜ Kivi ciI
XvKvi evZv‡m evmgvb e¯ËKbvq Co2 cwigvb AZ¨waK hv
GLvbKvi Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ gvivÍK ¶wZKi| Avevi cÖvq 1 jvL
GKiRwg BU fvUvi AvIZvq i‡q‡Q| BU fvUv ¯’vc‡bi Kvi‡Y
Gme Rwg eÜ n‡h hvq| cwi‡ek I eb gÛªx kvnRvnvb
wmivR ZvB g‡b K‡ib, cwi‡ek evuPv‡Z n‡j cÖPwjZ
c×wZ‡Z BU ˆZix I B‡Ui e¨envi ch©vqµ‡g Kwg‡q Avb‡Z
n‡e|

ZvQvov BU †cvov‡bvi KvRwU †h fv‡eB Ki“K bv †Kb


Avwgb evRv‡ii †iv‡gj, U½xi wRby gv‡K©U GjvKvi
Awaevmx‡`i g‡Zv XvKv gnvbMixi cÖvq 1 †KvwU
gvby‡li wK n‡e? wK n‡e †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji evqy`~l‡Yi
wkKvi AMwbZ gvbyl we‡klZ bvix I wkïi ? bvMwiK
¯^v_© †K i¶v Ki‡e| fvUvi Av‡kcv‡ki emevm iZ gvby‡mi
Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †mLvbKvi Avmgv †eMg e‡jb, fvUvi
Av¸‡bi cÖPÛ Zv‡c evmvq †UKv `vh n‡q c‡o| ZvQvov
Uvqvi, Kqjv BZ¨vw` M¨v‡mi M‡Ü wb¤^vk †bqv `vq n‡q
c‡o| †avuqvi d‡j fvUvi Avkcv‡ki MvQ-cvjv bó n‡q hvq,
g‡i hvq| Avi MvP †Kvb iK‡g †eu‡P _vK‡jI Zv‡Z †Kvb dj-
djvwi nq bv|
AviI GKRb ¯’vbxq evwm›`v †gvt iwdKzj Bmjvg| Zvi g‡Z,
Kqjvi †auvqvi M¨vm evwoi g‡a¨ Xz‡K _v‡K Ges wekªx
MÜ Qovq Gi au~jv evwji Kvi‡Y gvbyl nuvcvwb, GRgv
BZ¨vw` †iv‡M Avµvš— nq| D`vniY miƒc e‡jb Zvi `vw`i
†KvÛ (Cold) GjvwR© n‡q‡Q| fvUv ˆZwii Av‡M Zv‡`i
A‡bK bvi‡Kj MvQ wQj hv eZ©gv‡b g‡i †M‡Q| GLb Avi
†Kvb MvQB nq bv| Kvco-‡Pvco Aí w`‡bB bó n‡q hvq|
Mv‡qi Pvgovq Nuv cvuPov nh Ges bvbvwea Pg©‡ivM
†`Lv †`q| Z¡K ev Mv‡hi is Kv‡jv n‡q hvq| ZvQvov evwoi
wewfbœ wRwbm cvÎ PzwiI nh| MvwRcy‡ii evwm›`v
Aveyj wgqvi GKgvÎ †Q‡j mRj GLb GB fvUvi Kvi‡b K¨vÝvi
Avµvš—| BU Avgv‡`i GKUv AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxh mvgMÖx
n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| GB B‡Ui gva¨‡g `vjvb-‡KvVv wbg©vY
K‡i Aí RvqMvq AwaK †jv‡K GK‡Î evm Kivi my‡hvM
cvw”Q| hvi d‡j Avgv‡`i f‚wgi Dci AwaK RbmsL¨vi Pvc
GKUz K‡g‡Q| wKš‘ GB GKUv Pvwn`v cyi‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv
Avgv‡`i emevm †hvM¨ c„w_ex‡K aes‡mi m¤§ywLb
KiwQ| Avgv‡`i bZzb cÖR‡¤§b Rb¨ Avgiv †i‡L hvw”Q
GKUv aesmvZ©K c„w_ex|

GgZve¯—vq Avgiv hw` GKUz m‡PZb nB Zvn‡j GB


AvgivB Mo‡Z cvwo GKUv my›`i c„w_ex| bZzb cÖR‡¤§i
Rb¨ †i‡L †h‡Z cvwi GKUv weï× Avevm ¯’j| Avgiv
AvaywbK hy‡Mi AvaywbK gvbyl| GLb cyiv‡bv c×wZ‡Z
gvwU w`‡q fvUvi gva¨‡g BU ˆZwi bv K‡i Avgiv wm‡g›U-
gvwU I evwj w`‡q GKUv wbw`ó AvKv‡i BU ‰Zwi Ki‡Z
cvwi| G c×wZ‡Z BU ˆZwi Ki‡j Zvi Øviv cwi‡ek `~lYKvix
†Kvb M¨vm ev Ab¨ wKQy _vK‡e bv| Avi GB wm‡g›U Gi
BU w`‡qI Avgiv `vjvb-‡KvUv, Factory, Industry BZ¨vw`
ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi|

cwi‡e‡ki G wech©q †`‡L gvbyl BU ˆZwii G AvaywbK


c×wZ †ei K‡i‡Q| evB‡ii A‡bK Country ‡Z BU cyov‡bvi
c×wZ ev` w`‡q GLb wm‡g›U Gi ˆZix BU w`‡q Building
ˆZix Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡kI wKQy wKQy RvqMvq
GB‡Ui cÖPjb †`Lv hv‡”Q| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— G B‡Ui cÖPjb
e„w× K‡i Ges fvUvi B‡Ui cÖPjb Kwg‡q I c‡i G‡Kev‡i eva
w`‡q Avgiv Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek‡K aes‡mi nvZ †_‡K wKQyUv
n‡jI i¶v Ki‡Z cvwi| ZvQvov fvUvi BU †cvov‡bv eÜ n‡j A
‰ea fv‡e Avi MvQ †uK‡U eb aesm Ki‡e bv| d‡j †`‡ki
eb-f‚wgi cwigvb e„w× cv‡e Ges MvQ evZvm †_‡K
AevÂxZ M¨vmxq c`v_© †kvlY K‡i Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki
fvimvg¨ i¶v Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î
AcwiKíxZ fv‡e Qwo‡q Av‡Q GB B‡Ui fvUv| wKš—
ivRavwb XvKv kn‡ii Avk cvk †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji Zzjbvq
A‡bK †ewk|

ZvB Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek i¶vq mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj †Rvi`vi Kiv


cÖ‡qvRb | c„w_exi Rjevq~ I AvenvIqv cwieZ©b
¶wZMÖ¯— †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i Ae¯’vb wØZxq| we‡k¦i
cÖwZwU †`‡kB ¯^vfvweK AveMvIqv I Rjevq~yi
cwieZ©b NUvi d‡j n«vm cv‡”Q kxZ Kv‡ji ¯’vqxZ¡,
evo‡Q f‚wg I cvnvW am, Nb Nb n‡”Q `vevbj Avi
`xN©vqxZ n‡”Q Liv| SMov eb¨v, U‡b©‡Wv, mvB‡Kv‡bi
gvÎv µvgvš^‡q evo‡Q Ges m¤ú` Ges gvby‡li Rxeb n‡q
co‡Q ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| Rjevq~i cwieZ©b †iv‡a Ki‡Z bv
cvi‡j Øxcivóª Ges ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ GUv n‡e
gnvwech©‡qi Kvib|

weÁvbx‡`i avibv, DcmvMixq hy‡×i d‡jB 1991 mv‡j


evsjv‡`‡ki e„wóRwbZ fqven eb¨v n‡qwQj| hy‡× BivK I
Kz‡q‡Zi eû †Zj Lwb‡Z Av¸b a‡i †M‡j Zv †_‡K Drcbœ
†auvqv evZv‡mi Rjxqev‡®úi m‡½ wg‡k †g‡Ni m„wó
K‡i I evqy Øviv ZvwoZ n‡q c~e© wngvj‡q evav †c‡q
e„wócvZ NUvq| d‡j evsjv‡`‡k eb¨v nq|

G A‡ji cwi‡e‡k wngvj‡qi cÖfve m¤úwK©Z GKwU


†mwgbv‡i d«v‡Ýi cwi‡ek weÁvbx `‡ji †bZv W.
d¨vÝjvb©W e‡j‡Qb, wngvj‡qi c~e©cÖv‡š—i wngevn
GLb Av‡Mi Zzjbvq AwaK Mj‡Q| G eid cvwb eª¶cyÎ b`
n‡q evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Gev‡ii eb¨vq †cQ‡b
wMÖbnvDm Gd‡±i cÖfve i‡h‡Q| wZwb Av‡iv hv e‡j‡Qb
Zv D‡ØMRbK| evsjv‡`‡k fwel¨‡Z eb¨v Av‡iv fqven n‡Z
cv‡i| bxj AvKvk e‡j †h Pvu‡`vqv †`‡L _vwK, Zv wewfbœ
M¨v‡mi GKwU mw¤§wjZ Av¯—ib| Zv †f` K‡i my‡h©i
AwZ †e¸bx iwk¥ c„w_ex‡Z G‡m c„w_ex DËß K‡i|
wbwe©Pv‡i MvQKvUv, Kqjv I R¡vjvwb †Zj †cvov Ges
wewfbœ Kj-KviLvbv †_‡K welv³ M¨vm wbM©Z nIqvq Zv
AvKv‡ki Av”Qv`b ¯—iUv‡K cvZjv K‡i w`‡”Q| d‡j
m~‡h©i AwZ †e¸web iwk¥ Zxeª fv‡e c„w_ex‡Z AvcwZZ
n‡”Q| G‡Z my‡gi“ Kz‡gi“mn cvnv‡oi eid Mj‡Q, mgy‡`Í
Zj‡`‡k †mªvZ ZxeªZi n‡”Q| AvenvIqvi wek„•Ljv m„wó
n‡h‡Q|

cwi‡ek `yl‡bi wei“c cÖwZwµqvq evsjv‡`k mn c„w_exi


cÖvq cÖwZwU †`‡k ZvcgvÎv e„w×, FZz P‡µi cwieZ©b,
mgy`ª m¤úÖmvwiZ nIqv BZ¨vw` NU‡Q| Rjevq~i
cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve AwP‡iB gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKvi Dci
co‡e| Avgiv hw` mwZ¨ †UkmB Dbœqb PvB, Zv n‡j
cwi‡ek i¶v welqwU‡K Avgv‡`i Dbœqb bxwZ-‡KŠk‡ji g~j
†mªv‡Z wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| †mwU m¤¢e, hw` G wel‡q
Avgiv MYm‡PZbv e„w× cwi‡ek i¶vq P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv
Kiv m¤¢e|
mviYx
mviYx bs-01
cÖkœ t Avcbvi cwiev‡ii Dci Kj-KviLvbv KZ…©K `~l‡Yi d‡j †Kvb cÖfve co‡Q
wK?
DËi
‡gvU kZKiv
eqm DËi `vZvi
bgybv nvi
msL¨v
nu¨v 18 Rb 90%
18-50 bv 2 Rb 10%
20 Rb me©‡gv
eQi 20Rb 100%
U

‡gvU DËi `vZvi msL¨v wQj 20 Rb| Gi g‡a¨ nu¨v e‡j‡Qb


18 Rb A_v©r 90% Ges bv e‡j‡Qb 2 Rb A_v©r 10%|
GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 20 Rb A_v©r kZKiv 90 Rb RbMY
g‡b K‡i Kj-KviLvbv KZ…„K Zvi cwiev‡ii Dci cÖfve †dj‡Q|

mviYx bs-02

cÖkœ t eZ©gvb DbœZ cÖhyw³ wK cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?
DËi
‡gvU kZKiv
eqm DËi `vZvi
bgybv nvi
msL¨v
nu¨v 33 Rb 94.3%
20-55 bv 2 Rb 5.7%
35 Rb me©‡gv
eQi 35Rb 100%
U

‡gvU DËi `vZvi msL¨v wQj 35 Rb| Gi g‡a¨ nu¨v e‡j‡Qb


33 Rb A_v©r 94.3% Ges bv e‡j‡Qb 2 Rb A_v©r 5.7%|
GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 35 Rb A_v©r kZKiv 94.3 Rb
RbMY g‡b K‡ib eZ©gvb DbœZ cÖhyw³ cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi
Rb¨ `vqx|
mviYx bs-03

cÖkœ t AZx‡Zi cwi‡ek GZUv `~wlZ wQj e‡j Avcwb g‡b


K‡ib?
DËi
‡gvU kZKiv
eqm DËi `vZvi
bgybv nvi
msL¨v
nu¨v 5 Rb 25%
25-58 bv 15 Rb 75%
20 Rb me©‡gv
eQi 20Rb 100%
U

‡gvU DËi `vZvi msL¨v wQj 20 Rb| Gi g‡a¨ nu¨v e‡j‡Qb


15 Rb A_v© 75% Ges bv e‡j†Qb 5 Rb A_v©r 25%|
GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 20 Rb A_v©r kZKiv 75 Rb RbMY
g‡b K‡ib AwZ‡Zi cwi‡ek GZUv `~wlZ wQj bv|

mviYx bs-04

cÖkœ t Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib MÖxY nvDm Gd± Gi d‡jB


g~jZt cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q?
DËi
‡gvU kZKiv
eqm DËi `vZvi
bgybv nvi
msL¨v
nu¨v 10 Rb 66.67%
20-45 bv 5 Rb 33.33%
15 Rb me©‡gv
eQi 15Rb 100%
U

‡gvU DËi `vZvi msL¨v wQj 15 Rb| Gi g‡a¨ nu¨v e‡j‡Qb


10 Rb A_v© 66.67% Ges bv e‡j†Qb 5 Rb A_v©r
33.33%| GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 15 Rb A_v©r kZKiv
66.67 Rb RbMY g‡b K‡ib MÖxY nvDm Gd± Gi d‡jB
g~jZt cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q|
mviYx bs-05

cÖkœ t MÖvgv‡j cwi‡ek wK kniv‡ji †P‡q Kg `~wlZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

DËi
‡gvU kZKiv
eqm DËi `vZvi
bgybv nvi
msL¨v
nu¨v 15 Rb 75%
15-60 bv 5 Rb 25%
20 Rb me©‡gv
eQi 20Rb 100%
U

‡gvU DËi `vZvi msL¨v wQj 20 Rb| Gi g‡a¨ nu¨v e‡j‡Qb


15 Rb A_v©r 75% Ges bv e‡j†Qb 5 Rb A_v©r 25%|
GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 20 Rb A_v©r kZKiv 75 Rb RbMY
g‡b K‡ib MÖvgv‡j cwi‡ek kniv‡ji †P‡q Kg `~wlZ|
Dcmsnvi t
Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki mewKQ~B †hb `ywlZ n‡q hv‡”Q,
AwbwðZ n‡q hv‡”Q Avgv‡`i fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i my¯’¨ Rxeb
avi‡bi wbðqZv, BDwb‡m‡di Z_¨ Abyhvqx G‡`‡ki cÖvq
75% wkïB Rb¥ †bq Amy¯’¨Zv wb‡q| †`Lv hvq †h, GKUv
my¯’¨ wkïi †hUzKz IRb wb‡q Rb¥ †bv DwPZ Zvi Zzjbvq
G‡`k IRb A‡bK Kg| Zvi mv‡_ Avevi hy³ nq gw¯—¯‹ I
dzmdz‡mi bvbvwea mgm¨v| GB me Industry, B‡Ui fvUv
BZ¨vw` †_‡K wbM©Z welv³ †auvqv ïay XvKv ev
evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek‡KB `~lY Ki‡Q bv GKB mv‡_ Avgv‡`i
fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rxeb aviY †K gvivZœK ûgKxi m¤§yLxb
Ki‡Q|
XvKv kn‡ii Av‡kcv‡k B‡Ui fvUvi msL¨v cÖvq †cŠ‡b 2 jv¶
n‡e| Avi Industry †Z AMbxZ| hvi Kv‡jv †aŠuqv wbM©Z
n‡q cwi‡ek‡K Ki‡Q `~wlZ| GB mgm¨v w`b w`b fqven
AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q| XvKv kn‡ii 5 †_‡K 6 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx
cÖvq 9/10 jv¶ wkï gvivZœK mxmv `~l‡bi m¤§yLxb|
mxmv‡K me mgq Wv³v‡iiv øvqy ev bvf© Gi Rb¨ ¶wZKi
e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib| evoš— wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i gv‡S mxmvi
welwµqvi d‡j kvixwiK e„w× e¨vnZ nq ev nevi m¤¢vebv
†`Lv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G †auvqv wbR GjvKv QvovI XvKv
kn‡ii bvMwiK‡`i cÖwZ gvivZœK ûgwK ¯^i“c| ZvQvov
wewfbœ iKg wkí cÖwZôvb AcwiKwíZ fv‡e M‡o IVvi d‡j I
cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q| cwiKwíZ fv‡e wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o
DV‡j Ges Zv †`‡ki cÖZ¨š— A‡j cwiKíbv gvwdK ¯’vcb
K‡i I Industry-i cÖKvi Abyhvqx ¯’vcb Ki‡j Avgiv Avgv‡`i
cwi‡ek‡K A‡bKvs‡k `~lY gy³ ivL‡Z cvwi|
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I RbM‡Yi Rxeb hvÎvi
gvb D&bœZ Ki‡Z evsjv‡`‡k kxívqb Ab¯^xKvh©| we‡k¦i
Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡k wkí †¶‡Î A‡bK wcwQ‡q
Av‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y G`k‡K wk‡í DbœZ Kiv Avek¨K| G †¶‡Î
cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Avgv‡`i †`‡ki HwZh¨evnx
KzwUi wkí| G wk‡íi KuvPvgvj †hgb mnR cÖvc¨ †Zgwb Gi
Øviv cwi‡ek Avµvš— nevi fq Lye Kg|

ZvQvov KzwUi wkíRvZ `ªe¨ mvgMÖx Af¨š—ixY fv‡e


†`‡ki Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡e I mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡`‡k cwiwPwZ
jvf Ki‡e Ges †`‡ki Rb¨ e‡q Avb‡e cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv|
ZvQvov evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvMwiK‡KB n‡Z n‡e
m‡PZb I wek¦ †cÖwgK, MvQ jvwM‡q †`‡ki ebvbv‡ji
cwigvb e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi‡ek AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Avi
Zv bv n‡j c„w_exi Dlb¨Zvi e„w×i †h fqven cwibwZ n‡e
Zv nv‡o nv‡o Dcjw× Ki‡Z n‡e mgMÖ wek¦evmx‡K|

ZvB Avmyb Avgiv GB GKvwesk kZvãx‡Z bZzb wek¦


Movi kc_ †bB Ges m‡PZb n‡q Avgv‡`i mš—vb‡`i Rb¨,
Avgv‡`i bZzb cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ M‡o Zzwj GKwU my›`i
¯^Mx©q Avevmf~wg GKwU wek¦|
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi
Avwg evsjv‡`k Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ K‡j‡Ri ÒM„n-
e¨e¯’vcbv I M„nvqbÓ wefv‡Mi GKRb QvÎx| Avgv‡`i
ÒM„n-e¨e¯’vcbv I M„nvqbÓ wefv‡Mi mKj QvÎx‡K 2005
mv‡ji 1g el© Final Examination Gi Ask wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ †fŠMwjK GjvKvi cvwievwiK Rxeb cÖYvjx
m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †jLv Avek¨K| evsjv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ †fŠMwjK GjvKvi me cvwievwiK Rxeb cÖYvjx
m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b †jLv Avgv‡`i Øviv m¤¢e bq ZvB
Avgiv GKUv GjvKvi emevmiZ 10wU cwiev‡ii fwel¨Z
cwiKíbv I Zv‡`i cvwievwiK Rxeb cÖYvjx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z wmÜvš— wb‡q‡Q|

GB cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi Rb¨ Avgiv D³ cwievi M„nKZ©v I


M„wnbx‡`i Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| KviY Zviv Zv‡`i fwel¨_ cwiKíbv I
Zv‡`i Rxeb cÖYvjx m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q| D³ cwiev‡ii M„nKZ©v‡`i bvg wb‡b¥ †`qv nj-
1. AvwRR Avn¤§`|
2. byi“j Bmjvg|
3. Rvdi wmwÏwK|
4. mvwgDj Bgvg AvRg|
5. ‡gvwgbyi ingvb|
6. Avãyj nK|
7. ‡gvt wmivRyj Bmjvg|
8. KvwR Avey Zmwjg|
9. i“ûj Avwgb|
10. ‡gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb|
11. ‡gvkvid †nv‡mb
12. gvmy` Av`bvb
13. Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb
14. mvjvg Lvb
15. kwdK wmwÏK
16. ‡g‡n`x nvmvb
17. ‡Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb
18. Avwgi †nv‡mb
19. BmvK Avn¤§`
20. ‡iRv Avn¤§`
f~wgKv t

eZ©gvb mg‡q Avgv‡`i †`‡k cwievi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ M„n


e¨e¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î h‡_ó cwiKíbvi Qvc †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
Zv‡`i‡K †`Lv †M‡Q mš—vb‡`i D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Zv‡`i
Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î cwiKíbv K‡i Rxeb hvcb Kivi †Póv
Ki‡Q| KL‡bv KL‡bv Zviv Zv‡`i myL ¯^cœ wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i mš—vb‡`i K‡i‡Q cÖwZwôZ| mš—vb‡`i
w`‡q Zviv wb‡R‡`i ¯^cœ c~iY I K‡i‡Q|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-01

¯^vgxi bvg t AvwRR Avn¤§`|


¯¿xi bvg t dv‡Zgv AvwRR |
¯^vgxi eqm t 35 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 28 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t PvKzix Rxwe
(e¨vsKvi)
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 18,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKUZg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU G cwieviwU j¶¨ nu¨v Zviv
Zv‡`i GKgvÎ AR©‡b cÖ‡Póv cÖwZgv‡m
†g‡q‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q| KviY e¨vs‡K UvKv
Wv³vwi cov‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q Zviv Rgv‡”Q Ges
Pvq| e¨vs‡K UvKv †g‡q‡K †mfv‡e
RvgvbZ Ges †g‡qi M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨
cov-ïbv I Ab¨vb¨ m‡PZb|
me e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q| m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq| Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i cÖwZ gv‡m ÷vÛvU
cwieviwU †g‡qwU‡K †eZb †_‡K e¨vs‡K
Zv‡`i GK gvÎ wb‡Ri ggq I wKQy UvKv cÖwZgv‡m
†g‡q‡K †gavi myôz mÂq K‡i‡Q| 1, 000 UvKv
Wv³vwi e¨env‡ii K‡i Zv‡`i
cov‡Z Pvq| gva¨‡g fvj Rgv‡Z †`Lv
djvdj I mvdj¨ †M‡Q|
GKRb Wv³vi
n‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
Wv³vwi nu¨v| wm×vš
cov‡bvi Wv³vwii — mdj
†Kvb weKí gva¨‡g †m nIqvi KviY
†bB| Zv‡K gvby‡li cwieviwUi
Wv³vwiB †mev Ki‡e| m`m¨‡`i
cov‡e| Avš—wiK
mn‡hvwM
Zv|

cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ (†Kb
Zviv
†mUv
Kijv bv)|
†g‡qwU ‡eZ‡bi gvbyl‡K m¤¢e 1| Zviv
i evev UvKv wbt¯^v n‡j eZ©gv
Zvi Qvov _© fv‡e we‡`‡k b
gvwmK Zv‡`i †mev cvwV‡q Wv³vi‡`i
†eZb †Kvb Kivi Rb¨ G KvQ
†_‡K ˆelwqK †g‡q‡K †ckvq †_‡K
1,000 m¤úv` Zviv †ekx g‡bvf~
UvKv wQj bv| Wv³vwi `¶Zv Z †mev
K‡i cov‡e| AR©b cvq bvB
Rgvb| Avi ZvB Kiv‡e| e‡j|
Zv‡`i 2|
mnvbyf KZ©vi
~wZ I gv
Rgv‡bv Wv³vi‡`i
UvKv f~j
e¨envi wUU‡g‡
Ki‡Q| ›Ui
Kvi‡Y
gviv
†M‡Qb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-02
¯^vgxi bvg t byi“j Bmjvg|
¯¿xi bvg t mvgxgv Bmjvg|
¯^vgxi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 45 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t wk¶KZv|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 10,500 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii cwieviwU ïi“ †_‡KB `~i`kx© j¶¨
M„wnbx I †Q‡j‡K fwel¨‡Z AR©‡bi
KZ©v Zv‡`i cÖwZwôZ Kivi j‡¶ cÖZ¨vmvq
GKgvÎ †Q‡j‡K Zv‡K fvj cwieviwU M„wnbx Zvi
BBA I MBA ïi“ †_‡KB †Q‡j‡K cwievwiK
Kiv‡Z B”QyK| fwel¨‡Z cÖwZwôZ wewfbœ „e¨q
hv‡Z fvj GKwU Kivi j‡¶ Zv‡K fvj LyeB mxwgZ
cÖwZôv‡b School & College ‡_‡K A‡_© c~iY Kivi
†gvUv As‡Ki S.S.C & H.S.C cvk †Póv K‡i A_©
A_© DcvR©b Kiv‡q‡Q hv‡Z †m mÂq K‡ib|
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Dhaka University ev †h
†Kvb miKviwi
University PvÝ cvq|
ZvQvov G
cwieviwU‡K ej‡Z
ï‡bwQ hw` †Q‡j
Dhaka University ev
†Kvb miKviwi
University †Z PvÝ bv
cvq Z‡e Gi weKí
†Kvb Private
University-‡Z covïbv
Kiv‡bvi cwiKíbv
‡i‡L‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q| m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq| Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwiev‡ii M„n GQvovI M„nKZ©v
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji KZ©v hLb M„nKZ© Zvi cÖwZgv‡m
D¾¡j PvKwi Ki‡Z ˆcZ…K m~‡Î M„wnbx‡K
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ ZLb †_‡KB cvIqv Rwgi msmvi Li‡Pi
BBA I MBA DcvwR©Z dmjw` †_‡K Rb¨ †h A_©
cvk Kiv‡Z A_© w`‡q cÖß A_© w`‡Zb
B”QyK| wejvmx Rgv‡Z M„wnbx Zv
Rxeb hvcb _v‡Kb| †_‡K
bv K‡i me cÖwZw`bB
wel‡q wKQy wKQy
K…”QZv K‡i A_©
mvab K‡i I Rgv‡bvi
wZwb wKQy †Póv Ki‡Zb|
A_© Rgv‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb


1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|
— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` Dhaka cwiev‡ii cwieviwU
University M„wnbx cÖwZw`b
ev g‡b K‡ib B ‡QvU
†emiKvix †Q‡j fvj LvU myL
University GKwU ¯^cœ
†Z PvÝ bv University ¸‡j‡K
cvq Z‡e Gi †_‡K BBA I wemR©b
weKí †Kvb MBA w`‡q‡Q|
Private wWMÖx jvf GQvov
University K‡i fvj cwiev‡ii
†Z fwZ© GKwU Ab¨vb¨
Kiv‡bv| cÖwZôv‡b m`m¨ivI
PvKwi K‡i mn‡hvw
A‡bK †ekx MZv
DcvR©b K‡i‡Q, hvi
Kivi d‡j †m fvj
my‡hvM fv‡e cvk
cv‡e| K‡i|
PvKzix
K‡i A‡bK
†ekx
DcvR©b
Kivi
my‡hvM
cv‡”Q|

cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQv GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| B| weKí
g~‡j¨v m¤ú` evQvB
‡eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwiev‡ii cwiev‡i GQvovI ‡Q‡j †`‡k
M„nKZ i XvKvq Dhaka †h‡nZz
©v M„wnb wKQy University GLb fvj
†Q‡j‡K xi Rwg ev ‡Kvb Privet
fvj eûw`‡b Av‡Q †m miKvix University
University i ¯^cœ Rwg‡Z University †Z
†Z Zvi evwo bv †Z PvÝ fwZ©
cov‡bvi †Q‡j eo Zz‡j Zv bv cvq nIqvi
B”Qv n‡q fvj wewµ Z‡e e¨e¯’v
†cvlb GKUv K‡i †Kvb Av‡Q
K‡ib| PvKix Private Private ZvB
cÖ‡hvR‡ Ki‡e| University University Rwg
b KviY †Z †Z wewµ I
MÖv‡gi wZwb fwZ© fwZ© wb‡Ri
RwgRgv wb‡R Kiv‡bv| Kiv‡bv| Rgv‡bv
wewµ Aí UvKv
Kivi wkw¶Z w`‡q
wm×vš ZvB †Q‡j‡K
— gv_vq †Q‡ji miKvix
iv‡Lb| gva¨‡g University
wb‡ni †Z
¯^cœ fwZ©
c~ib Kiv‡bvi
Ki‡Z d‡j
†P‡q‡Q †Q‡jwU
b| A_©
DcvR©‡
bi
my‡hvM
cv‡e|
Ges
D¾¡j
fwel¨Z
wbwðZ
n‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-03
¯^vgxi bvg t Rvdi wmwÏwK
¯¿xi bvg t i“bv wmwÏwK|
¯^vgxi eqm t 46 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 41 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emvqx|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 25,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU Avwg GB 1| A_© DcvR©b I
Zv‡`i eo cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ msi¶Y Kiv|
†Q‡j‡K Computer AR©‡bi Rb¨ UvKv 2| †Q‡jwUi †jLv
Engineering and Rgv‡Z †`‡LwQ I covi myweav‡Z©
programer †mRb¨ Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡K †nv‡ó‡j
evbv‡Z B”PzK| m¤ú` e¨envi ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
cwiKíbv Ki‡Z Zvi covïbvi
†`‡LwQ| cÖ‡qvRbxq
mgvMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi †Kvb m¤ú`
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q
Zvi NUbv
D‡jL Ki|
m¤úv‡`i ‡Q‡jwU‡K ‡`‡ki Rwg‡Z j¶¨ AR©‡bi
Øviv wb‡Ri mgq I dmj Drcv`b Rb¨ †Kvb
cwieviwU kw³i myôz K‡i Ges Zv m¤úv`
Zv‡`i eo e¨envi K‡i †_‡K A_© K‡iwb|
†Q‡j‡K Computer DcvR©b K‡i
Computer Enginearing and Zv e¨envi
Enginearing and Program nIqvi Ki‡Q|
Programar Rb¨ fvj djvdj
nIqvi Rb¨ jvf Kivi †Póvq
D”P wk¶vi D¤^y×
AR©‡bi K‡i‡Q|
we‡`‡k
cvVv‡Z Pvq|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` we‡`k we‡`kx wm×vš
cvVv‡bv wWMÖx — mdj
m¤¢bv nq _vK‡j †`‡k bv nIqvi
†`‡ki †ga¨ ev we‡`‡k Kvib
†Kvb fvj †h †Kvb we‡`‡k
University RvqMvq fvj †h‡q
†Z M.S. DuPz wWMÖx
Kiv‡bvi †eZ‡bi †bqvi
e¨e¯’v PvKix g‡Zv
Ki‡eb| cvIqvi m¤ ch©vcZ
¢ebv Av‡Q| A_© H
gû‡Z©
Zv‡`i
wQj bv|
cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i we‡`‡k 1| we‡`‡k
UvKvi mnvbyf cvVv‡bv we‡`‡k hvIqvi
Afve ~wZI m¤¢e †h‡q gZ
wQj MÖv‡gi bv n‡j wWMÖ ch©vß
Ges Rwg †`‡ki †h x AR©b UvKv
B”QvI †_‡K †Kvb Kiv bv
wQj †h AwR©Z miKvix A_ev _vKvi
we‡`k A_© ev 2| †`‡ki Rb¨|
cvVv‡b e¨envi †emiKvi gva¨‡g
vi K‡i‡Qb| x Gg.Gm.
gva¨‡g Univesity Kiv|
cvwiev †Z
wiK Gg.Gm.
Ae¯’vi Kiv‡bvi
cwieZ© e¨e¯’v
b Ki‡Z| Ki‡eb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-04
¯^vgxi bvg t mvwgDj Bgvg
AvRg|
¯¿xi bvg t bvmwib AvRg|
¯^vgxi eqm t 48 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 43 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t gva¨wgK ¯‹zj
wk¶K|
¯¿xi †ckv t cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj wk¶K
Avq t 10,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU Avwg GB 1| A_© DcvR©b
Zv‡`i eo cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ I mÂq Kiv|
†Q‡j‡K Wv³vwi AR©‡bi Rb¨ UvKv 2| †Q‡jwUi †jLv
cov‡Z Pvq| Rgv‡Z LwQ I m¤ú` covi myweav‡_©
e¨env‡ii cwiKíbv Zv‡K ewos School
Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ| †j ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv
I Zvi covïbvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv I Zvi
covïbvi
cÖ‡hvRbxq
mvgMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv †Q‡jwU‡K cÖwZ gv‡m j¶¨ AR©‡b
cwieviwU wb‡Ri mgq I †eZb †_‡K †Zgb †Kvb
Zv‡`i eo †gav kw³i wKQy UvKv m¤ú` e¨envi
†Q‡j‡K myôz e¨envi mÂq K‡i‡Q| K‡ibwb|
cov‡Z Pvq| K‡i Wv³vi
nIqvi Rb¨ fvj
djvdj jvf Kivi
†Póvq Døy×
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` 1| Bs‡iRx-G wm×vš—
Wv³vwi Wv³vwi cov‡bv n‡j mdj nIqvi
cov‡bv cov fvj †h †Kvb KviY
m¤¢e bv A_ev PvKix Ki‡Z cwieviwUi
nq †Kvb 2| Bs‡iRx cvi‡e| m`m¨‡`i
fvj G Avš—wiK
University Gg.Gm. mn‡hvMx
†Z English- Kiv| Zv|
G Gg.Gm.
Kiv‡bv
e¨e¯’v
Ki‡eb|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
‡Q‡jwUi Zv‡`i †Q‡j‡K 1| ‡Q‡j
evev UvKvi †`‡k †Q‡j‡K Wv³vi
Zvi Afve Wv³vwi G †`‡k bv n‡Z
MÖv‡gi wQj| wk¶v mvaviY cvi‡j
Rwg †Q‡ji w`‡”Qb wk¶v B.Cs.
Rgv †ckvi MÖv‡gi †`qv | w`‡q fvj
wewµ gva¨‡g Rwg A_ev PvKix
Kivi cvwiev wewµ 2| D”P cvIqvi
wm×vš wiK K‡i| wk¶vi m¤
— †bb| Ae¯’vi Rb¨ ¢vebv
cwieZ© we‡klÁ Av‡Q|
b Ki‡Z| Ávb GQvov
†`q| G ai‡bi
wk¶vq
we‡`‡k
hvIqvi I
my‡hv
M _v‡K|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-05
¯^vgxi bvg t †gvwgbyi
ingvb|
¯¿xi bvg t AvwZKv ingvb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 40 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 35 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t fvwm©wU wk¶K|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 25,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU Avwg GB †g‡qwUi †jLv
Zv‡`i eo cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ covi myweav‡_©
†g‡q‡K †Kvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ †g‡qi Zv‡K †nv‡÷‡j
GKUv University covïbvi w`‡K j¶¨ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
I wk¶K evbv‡Z ivL‡Z †`‡LwQ| Zvi covïbvi
Pvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq
mvgMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i evwo fvovi †g‡qwU Zvi
cwieviwU †g‡qwU‡K mg¯— A_© nv‡Zi KvR
Zv‡`i eo wb‡Ri mgq I e¨envi Ki‡Q| Kiv Kvco
†g‡q‡K D”P †gavi myôz wewµ K‡i
wk¶v‡_© e¨env‡ii †m A_©
fvwm©wU‡ gva¨‡g fvj covïbvi
Z fwZ© Ki‡Z djvdj I mvdj¨ wcQ‡b e¨q
Pvq | GKRb Wv³vi Ki‡Q|
n‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` †Kvb GKUv cwieviwU
University- fvj K‡j‡R, cÖwZw`‡
†Z cov bv fvj wel‡q bB †QvU-
nq Z‡e co‡j †m LvU myL
†Kvb fvj GKRb K‡jR ¯^cœ
K‡j‡R wk¶K n‡Z ¸‡jv‡K
covïbvi cvi‡e| wemR©b
e¨e¯’v w`‡q‡Q|
Ki‡e| GQvov
cwiev‡ii
Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨ivI
mn‡hvMx
Zv K‡i‡Q,
d‡j Zv‡`i
wm×vš—
mdj
n‡q‡Q|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
‡g‡qwU wb‡Ri RvZxq fvj
†g‡qwU i gv Kg evwo University wel‡q
i cwievi wkw¶Z| fvov Aax‡b bv co‡j
Zvi mg¯ ZvB w`‡q †h †Kvb †g‡q‡K
— Ni †g‡qi Zvi GKUv fvj †Kvb
fvovi gva¨‡g A_© wel‡q K‡j‡R
UvKv Zvi w`‡q cov‡bv| wk¶K
†g‡qi ¯^cœ †g‡q‡K wnmv‡
covïbvi mdj cov‡Z e
Lv‡Z Ki‡Z Pvq| wb‡qv
e¨q Pvq| M
K‡ib| Kiv‡bv
hv‡e
bv|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-06
¯^vgxi bvg t Avãyj nK|
¯¿xi bvg t ivwRqv nK|
¯^vgxi eqm t 65 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t Aa¨vcK
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 20,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwU S.S.C cvk cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb mvkª‡qi Rb¨
KZ©v Zv‡`i eo K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j avbgwÛi wb‡R¯^
†Q‡j‡K we‡`‡k fwel¨‡Z myweav d¬¨vUwU fvov
e¨vwi÷vi n‡e, Zv `yÕR‡b w`‡q Kg fvovq
cov‡Z B”QyK| wg‡j Av‡jvPbv †QvU evox‡Z
K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii _vK‡Q|
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
wk¶K †m‡nZz
wZwb cÖvB‡fU
cwo‡q AwZwi³ A_©
DcvR©b Ki‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU M„nKZ©v M„wnbx
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji wbR¯^ ˆcwÎK m~‡Î cÖwZgv‡m
my›`i I d¬vU fvov cÖvß MÖv‡g msmv‡iii LiP
¯^”Qj w`‡q evmvq evwoi Rwgi †_‡KI wKQy
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges dmj evev` UvKv mÂq
we‡`‡k †_‡K LyeB cÖvß UvKvI K‡i| †m
e¨vwi÷vwi mxwgZ A_© e¨vs‡K UvKv I
cov‡Z e¨‡q msmvi Rgv‡Z e¨vs‡K
B”QyK| Pvjvb| hw`I _v‡Kb| Rgv‡Z
cwieviwU _v‡Kb|
c~‡e©
wejvmx
Rxeb hvcb
Ki‡Z| GLb
me wel‡q
A_© mvkªq
K‡i mÂq
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` cwieviwU wm×vš—
miKviwi g‡b K‡i mdj
¯‹jvimxc Zv‡`i †Q‡j n‡q‡Q,
bv cvq we‡`k †_‡K KviY
Z‡e e¨vwi÷vi cwieviwU
†emiKvix n‡q G‡j Zv‡`i
fv‡e †`‡k fvj †QvU LvU
we‡`‡k DcvR©b myL
cVv‡bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wemvixZ
A_ev v †K
†`‡kB wemR©b
e¨vwi÷vw w`‡q‡Q|
i fwZ© GQvovI
nIqv| †Q‡jwU‡K
cÖ‡qvRb
xq covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I j¶¨ e¨envi| Kij?
|
cwievi cwiev‡ii cwieviw †Q‡j‡K
wU M„wnbx U we‡`‡k †emiKv
wbR¯^ i eû wewfb e¨vwi÷v wi fv‡e
d¬vU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î wi †h‡q
fvov ¯^cœ K…”QZ cov‡bv †h‡nZz
w`‡q Aí Zv‡`i v mvab A_ev covi
evovi †Q‡j K‡i A_© †`‡kB fvj my‡hv
†QvU we‡`‡k mvkªq University M Av‡Q,
evmvq †_‡K K‡i‡Q| †_‡K ZvB
_v‡Ki e¨vwi÷ cÖ‡qvR e¨vwi÷v MÖv‡gi
wm×vš vwi c‡o ‡b wi Rwg
— †bb Avm‡e| MÖ‡g cwo‡q wewµ
Ges KviY ewoi †Q‡ji K‡i Ges
Mv‡gi wZwb Rwg my›`i Rgv‡bv
evwoi wb‡RB wewµ fwel¨‡Z UvKv
Rwgi AvBb K‡iI wbwðZ w`‡q
dmj Rxwe †emiKv Kiv| †Q‡j‡K
eve` n‡Z wi fv‡e we‡`‡k
cÖvß †P‡qwQ †Q‡j‡K cvVv‡b
UvKvI ‡jb| we‡`‡k v| Gi
e¨vs‡K wKš‘ Zv e¨vwi÷ d‡j
Rgv‡Z m¤¢e vwi †Q‡jwU
_v‡K| bv cov‡e| fwel¨‡Z
nIqvq cÖPzi
†Q‡ji A_©
gva¨‡g DcvR©
†m ‡bi
¯^cœ my‡hv
cyib M cv‡e|
Ki‡Z
Pvb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-07
¯^vgxi bvg t †gvt wmivRyj
Bmjvg|
¯¿xi bvg t Lvw`Rv Bmjvg|
¯^vgxi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t wk¶K|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 35,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwU S.S.C cvk cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb mvkª‡qi Rb¨ †ekx
KZ©v Zv‡`i K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j fvov evwo‡Z bv
†Q‡j‡K Avwg fwel¨‡Z myweav ‡_‡K Kg fvovq
Awdmvi n‡e, Zv `yÕR‡b †QvU evox‡Z
evbv‡Z wg‡j Av‡jvPbv _vK‡Q|
B”QyK| K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
wk¶K †m‡nZz
wZwb cÖvB‡fU
cwo‡q AwZwi³ A_©
DcvR©b Ki‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v M„wnbx
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji fvovi †QvU ˆcwÎK m~‡Î cÖwZgv‡m
my›`i I evmvq cÖvß msmv‡iii LiP
¯^”Qj _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi †_‡KI wKQy
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ LyeB evwoi Rwgi UvKv mÂq
Avwg mxwgZ A_© dmj eve` K‡i †m UvKvI
Awdmvi e¨‡q msmvj cÖvß UvKvI e¨vs‡K
evbv‡Z Pvjvb| hw`I e¨vs‡K Rgv‡Z
B”QyK| cwieviwU Rgv‡Z _v‡Kb|
c~‡e© _v‡Kb|
wejvmx
Rxeb hvcb
KiZ| GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
Avwg© cwieviwU wm×vš—
Awdmvi g‡b K‡i mdj
n‡Z bv Zv‡`i †Q‡j n‡q‡Q,
cvi‡j Avwg© KviY
GKUv fvj Awdmvi n‡j cwieviwU
wel‡q †m †`‡ki Zv‡`i
Abvm© ‡mev Kivi †QvU-LvU
K‡i my‡hvM myL
wewmGm cv‡e| wejvmxZ
w`‡q v‡K
cÖkvm‡b wemR©b
XyK‡e| `w‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
†Q‡jwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwieviw cwiev‡ii cwieviw †Q‡j‡K ‡h‡nZz
U Aí M„wnbx U Avwg© Avwg©
fvovi i eû wewfb Awdmvi Awdmvi
†QvU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î evbv‡b n‡Z
evmvq ¯^cœ K…”QZ v A_ev †M‡j
_v‡Ki Zv‡`i v mvab †h †Kvb GKUv
wm×vš †Q‡j K‡i A_© cÖmvm wbw`©
— †bb GKRb mvkªq wbK ó gvc I
Ges Avwg© K‡i‡Q| Awdmvi m¤ú~Y
MÖv‡gi Awdmvi evbv‡b © fv‡e
evwoi n‡e| v| kvixwiK
Rwgi KviY my¯’¨Z
dmj wZwb v _vK‡Z
eve` Avwg© nq, ZvB
cÖvß ‡`i Rxeb Avwg
UvKvI cÖbvjx Awdmvi
e¨vs‡K cQ›` bv n‡Z
Rgv‡Z K‡ib cvi‡j
_v‡Kb| Ges Zv‡K
wZwb cÖkvm
g‡b b
K‡ib Awdmvi
Avwg© evwb‡q
n‡j †Q‡j Zv‡`i
mwVK ¯^cœ
fv‡e c~iY
†`‡ki Ki‡e|
†mev
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-08
¯^vgxi bvg t KvwR Avey
Zmwjg |
¯¿xi bvg t mwidv Zmwjg|
¯^vgxi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t †gwib
Bb&wRwbqvi|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„nxwb|
Avq t 95,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwU S.S.C cvk cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb mvkª‡qi Rb¨ †ekx
KZ©v Zv‡`i K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j fvov evwo‡Z bv
†Q‡j‡K cvBjU fwel¨Z myweav †_‡K Kg fvovi
evbv‡Z n‡e, ZvÕ `yÕR‡b †QvU evox
B”QyK| wg‡j Av‡jvPbv _vK‡Q|
K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
†gwib Bb&wRwbqvi
†h‡nZz wegvb
Pvjbv wk¶v e¨q eûj
ZvB †Q‡j‡K cvBj&U
evbv‡Z e¨qK…Z
A_© wb‡Ri †eZb
†_‡K gv‡m gv‡m
Rgv‡”Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v Zviv cÖwZ
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji fvovi †QvU cwÎK m~‡Î gv‡mi †eZb
my›`i I ¯^”Pj evmvq cÖvß †_‡K wKQy
fwel¨‡Z Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi UvKv mÂq
cvBjU mxwgZ A_© evwoi Rwgi K‡i †m UvKI
evbv‡Z e¨Iq msmvi dmj eve` e¨vs‡K
B”QyK| Pvjbv| hw`I cÖvß UvKvI Rgv‡Z
cwieviwU e¨vs‡K _v‡Kb|
c~‡e© Rgv‡Z
wejvmx _v‡Kb|
Rxeb hvcb
KiZ| GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
†Q‡j cwieviwU wm×vš—
cvBjU n‡Z g‡b K‡i mdj
bv cvi‡j Zv‡`i †Q‡j n‡q‡Q,
GKUv fvj cvBjU ev KviY
wel‡q Kv÷g cwieviwU
Abvm© Awdmvi n‡j Zv‡`i
K‡i †m †`‡ki †QvU-LvU
we.wm.G †mev Kivi myL
m w`‡q my‡hvM weivmxZ
K÷g cv‡e| v‡K
Awdmvm wemR©b
© ev w`‡q‡Q|
cÖkvm‡b GQvovI
XyK‡e| †Q‡jwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwieviw cwiev‡ii cwieviw †Q‡j‡K †h‡nZz
U Aí M„wnbx U cvBjU cvBjU
fvovi i eû wewfb evbv‡b n‡Z
†QvU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î v A_ev †M‡j
evmvq ¯^cœ K…”QZ Kv÷g GKUv
_v‡Ki Zv‡`i v mvab ev wbw`©
wm×vš †Q‡j K‡i A_© cÖmvk ó gvc I
— †bb GKRb mvkªq wbK m¤úyY
Ges cvBjU K‡i‡Q| Awdmvi © fv‡e
†eZ‡bi n‡e| evbv‡b kvixwiK
cvkv KviY v| my¯’¨Z
cvwk wZwb v Ges
MÖv‡gi DoRvnv wegvb
evwoi R ev Pvjbvq
Rwgi wegv‡b cv`©wk
dmj K‡i D‡o n‡Z nq,
eve` bvbv ZvB
cÖvß †`k cvBjU
UvKvI we‡`‡k bv n‡Z
e¨vs‡K Ny‡i cvi‡j
Rgv‡Z †eov‡Z Zv‡K
_v‡Kb| cQ›` K÷gm
K‡ib| ev †h
†Kvb
cÖmvm
wbK
Awdmvi
evwb‡q
Zv‡`i
¯^cœ
c~iY
Ki‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-09
¯^vgxi bvg t i“ûj Avwgb|
¯¿xi bvg t Wvwjqv Rvwgj|
¯^vgxi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emv
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 20,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwU hLb K¬vm hLb †Q‡jwU Class
M„wnbx I Nine G co‡Zv ZLb Nine- G co‡Zv
KZ©v Zv‡`i `yÕR‡b wg‡j ZLb cwieviwU
GKgvÎ †Q‡j‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †Q‡ji covïbvi
Computer Science †Q‡jwU S.S.C cvk myweavi Rb¨
of Engineering Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb XvKv P‡j Av‡m|
cov‡Z B”QyK| K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j Ges †Q‡ji covïbvi
fwel¨‡Z myweav mywe`vi Rb¨ fvj
n‡e| Zviv Zv‡`i `y wk¶K wb‡qvM
†Q‡j †g‡q‡K wb‡q K‡ib Ges
XvKvq evmv fvov cÖ‡qvRbxq
K‡i _v‡Kb| cwievi mvgMÖx mieivn
KZ©v‡K AviI ej‡Z K‡ib|
ï‡bwQ †Q‡j miKvwi
University cov‡eb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v Zviv Zv‡`i
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji fvovi †QvU ˆcwÎK m~‡Î †g‡q‡K
my›`i I ¯^”Qj evmvq cÖvß cÖwZ gv‡mi
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi †h nvZ LiP
Computer mxwgZ A_© evwoi Rwgi w`‡Zb Zv
Science of e¨‡q msmvi dmj I †_‡K †m
Engineering Pvjvb| hw`I biwmw›` †Z cÖw`wb
cov‡Z cwieviwU †h evwo wKQy K‡i
B”QyK| c~‡e© Av‡Q Zv Rgv‡Zv Zvi
wejvmx fvov w`‡q fvB‡qi Rb¨|
Rxeb hvcb Zvi †_‡K
KiZ| GLb me cÖvß UvKv
wel‡q KZi| e¨vs‡K
GLb me Rgv‡Z
wel‡q A_© _v‡Kb|
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
†Q‡j hw` cwieviwU wm×vš—
miKviwi g‡b K‡i GLb mKj
†Kvb †h‡nZz n‡q‡Q,
University Computer Gi KviY
†Z PvÝ bv hyM ZvB cwieviwU
cvq Z‡e Zv‡`i Zv‡`i
Zv‡K †Kvb †Q‡j‡K †QvU-LvU
GKUv Computer myL-
†emiKviwi wel‡qi Dci weivmxZ
University- cov‡Z v †K
‡Z co‡eb| B”QyK| wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
†Q‡jwU
cÖ‡qvRb
xq K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ I ¢ve¨ evQv GKwU
v wiK Ab¨b¨ weKí| B| weKí
g~‡j¨v m¤ú` evQvB
‡eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwievi cwievi cwieviwU †Q‡j‡K †`‡k
wU Aí wU wewfbœ Computer †h‡nZz
fvovi UvKvi Computer science of GLb
†QvU Afve science of engineering †emiKv
evmvq wQj engineering cov‡bv wi
_v‡Ki ZvB cov‡bv A_ev University
wm×v Zviv A_ev mvaviY Av‡Q
š— †Q‡ji mvaviY welq ZvB
†bb †ckvi welq Abvm© Rwg
Ges gva¨‡g Abvm© cov‡bv| wewµ
†Q‡jw Zv‡`i cov‡bv| K‡i I
Ui cvwiev wb‡R‡`i
evev wiK Rgv‡bv
Zvi Ae¯’vi UvKv
MÖv‡g cwieZ †Q‡j‡K
i ©b †emiKv
evwoi Ki‡Z wi
Rwg †P‡q‡Q University
wKQy b| †Z
Uv fwZ©
wewµ Kiv‡bvi
K‡i d‡j †m
†`b| DuPz
†eZ‡bi
PvKwi
cv‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-10
¯^vgxi bvg t gy¯—vwdRyi
ingvb|
¯¿xi bvg t BmivZ Rvnvb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 56 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 49 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emv
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 20,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 3 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii Avwg GB g‡qwUi †jLv covi
M„wnbx I cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ myweav‡_©
KZ©v Zv‡`i AR©‡bi Rb¨ †g‡qi Zv‡K †nv‡ó‡j
GKgvÎ †g‡q‡K covïbvi w`‡K j¶¨ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ivL‡Z †`‡LwQ| Zvi covïbvi
GKRb wkw¶Kv cÖ‡qvRbxq
evbv‡Z B”QyK| mvgMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i evwo fvovi †g‡qwU Zvi
cwieviwU †g‡qwU‡K mg¯— A_© nv‡Zi KvR
Zv‡`i eo wb‡Ri mgq I e¨envi Ki‡Q| Kiv Kvco
†g‡q‡K D”P †gavi myôz wewµ K‡i
wk¶v‡_© e¨env‡ii †m A_©
fvwm©wU‡ gva¨‡g fvj covïbvi
Z fwZ© Ki‡Z djvdj I mvdj¨ wcQ‡b e¨q
Pvq| Ges GKRb Ki‡Q|
GKRb Av`k© wkw¶Kv
wkw¶Kv wnmv‡e
evbv‡Z Pvq| M‡o DV‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` †Kvb GKUv wm×vš—
University fvj K‡j‡R, mKj
†Z cov bv fvj wel‡q n‡q‡Q,
nq Z‡e co‡j †m KviY
†Kvb fvj GKRb K‡jR cwieviwU
K‡j‡R wk¶K n‡Z Zv‡`i
covïbvi cvi‡e| †QvU-LvU
e¨e¯’v myL-
Ki‡e| weivmxZ
v †K
wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
‡g‡qwU
cÖ‡qvRb
xq K‡i‡Q|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
‡g‡qwU wb‡Ri RvZxq fvj
i cwievi †g‡qwUi evwo fwm©w wel‡q
Zvi mg¯ gv Kg fvov U bv co‡j
— Ni wkw¶Z| w`‡q Awa‡b †g‡q‡K
fvovi ZvB Zvi †h †Kvb †Kvb
UvKv †g‡qi A_© GKUv K‡j‡R
†g‡qi gva¨‡g w`‡q fvj wk¶K
covïbvi Zvi †g‡q‡K wel‡q wnmv‡
Lv‡Z ¯^cœ cov‡Z cov‡bv| e
e¨q mdj Pvq| wb‡qv
K‡ib| Ki‡Z M
Pvq| Kiv‡bv
hv‡e
bv|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-11
¯^vgxi bvg t †gvkviid
†nv‡mb|
¯¿xi bvg t iwngv Av³vi|
¯^vgxi eqm t 60 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t Aa¨vcK
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 19,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †g‡qwU cwievi Gi A_©
M„wnbx I Gm.Gm.wm cvk mvkª‡qi Rb¨
KZ©v Zv‡`i eo Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb avbgwÛi wb‡R¯^
†g‡q‡K we‡`‡k K‡j‡S fwZ© Ki‡j d¬¨vU fvov w`‡q
e¨vwi÷vi fwel¨‡Z myweav Kg fvovq †QvU
cov‡Z B”QyK| n‡e, Zv `yÕR‡b evox‡Z _vK‡Q|
wg‡j Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| cwi‡e‡ki
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
wk¶K †m‡nZz
wZwb cÖvB‡fU
cwiPq AwZwi³ A_©
DcvRb K‡i‡Q|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU‡Z cwieviwU M„nKZ©v M„wnbx
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji wbR¯^ ˆcwÎK m~‡Î cÖwZ gv‡m
my›`i I mKj d¬¨vU fvov cÖvß msmv‡ii LiP
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ w`‡q Aí MÖv‡gi †_‡K wKQy
we‡`‡k †_‡K fvovq †QvU evwoi Rwgi UvKv mÂq
eovwi ¯’vqx evmvq dmj eve` K‡i †mB
cov‡Z _v‡Kb Ges cÖvß cÖvß UvKvUvI
B”QyK| mxwgZ A_© UvKv I e¨vs‡K Rgv
e¨‡q msmvi e¨vs‡K _v‡K|
Pvjvb| hw`I Rgv‡Z
cwieviwU _v‡Kb|
c~‡e©
wejvmx
Rxeb hvcb
KiZ| GLb me
wel‡q KZi|
GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` cwieviwU wm×vš—
miKvwi g‡b K‡i mdj
¯‹jvikxc Zv‡`i †g‡q n‡q‡Q,
bv cvq we‡`‡k KviY
Z‡e †_‡K cwieviwU
†emiKvwi e¨vwi÷vi Zv‡`i
fv‡e n‡q G‡j †QvU LvU
we‡`‡k †`‡k fv‡jv myL
cvVv‡bv DcvR©b wejvmxZ
A_ev Ki‡Z cvi‡e| v‡K
†`‡kB wemR©b
e¨vwi÷vi w`‡q‡Q|
fwZ© GQvovI
nIqv| †g‡qwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwieviw cwiKv‡ii cwiKviw ‡g‡q‡K
U M„nxwb U we‡`‡k †emiKv
wbR¯^ i eû wKwfb e¨vwim wi fv‡e
d¬vU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î Uvwi †h‡q
fvov ¯^cœ ¯^”QZv cov‡bv †h‡nZz
w`‡q Zv‡`i mvab A_ev covi
Aí fvov †g‡q K‡i A_© †`‡kB my‡hv
†QvU we‡`‡k mvkªq fvj M Av‡Q
evmvq †_‡K K‡i‡Q| fvwm© ZvB
_vKvi e¨vwi÷ cÖ‡qvR wU‡Z MÖv‡gi
wm×vš vwi c‡o ‡b e¨vwim Rwgw
— †bb Avm‡e| MÖv‡gi Uvwi ewµ K‡i
Ges Kvib evwoi cwo‡q Ges
MÖv‡gi wZwb Rwg †g‡q‡K Rgv‡bv
evoxi wb‡RB wewµ fwel¨Z UvKv
Rwgi AvBb K‡iI wbwðZ w`‡q
dmj Rxwe †emiKv Kiv| †g‡q‡K
evev` n‡Z wi fv‡e we‡`‡k
cÖvß †P‡qwQ †g‡q‡K cvVv‡b
UvKv I ‡jb wKš‘ we‡`‡k v Gi d‡j
e¨vs‡K Zv m¤ e¨vwi÷ †g‡qwU
Rgv‡Z ¢e bv vwi fwel¨‡Z
_v‡Kb| nIqvq cov‡e| cÖPzi
†g‡qi A_©
gva¨‡g DcvR©
¯^cœ ‡bi
c~ib my‡hv
Ki‡Z M cv‡e|
Pvb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-12
¯^vgxi bvg t gvmy` Av`bvb|
¯¿xi bvg t gvndzRv Av³vi|
¯^vgxi eqm t 45 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 38 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t fvwm©wU
wk¶K|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 25,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU Avwg GB ‡Q‡jwUi †jLv
Zv‡`i eo cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ covi myweav‡_©
†Q‡j‡K †Kvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Q‡ji Zv‡K †nv‡÷‡j
GKUv University covïbvi w`‡K j¶¨ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
I wk¶K evbv‡Z ivL‡Z †`‡LwQ| Zvi covïbvi
Pvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq
mvgMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i evwo fvovi ‡Q‡jwU Zvi
cwieviwU †Q‡jwU‡K mg¯— A_© nv‡Zi KvR
Zv‡`i eo wb‡Ri mgq I e¨envi Ki‡Q| Kiv Kvco
†Q‡j‡K D”P †gavi myôz wewµ K‡i
wk¶v‡_© e¨env‡ii †m A_©
fvwm©wU‡ gva¨‡g fvj covïbvi
Z fwZ© Ki‡Z djvdj I mvdj¨ wcQ‡b e¨q
Pvq | GKRb Wv³vi Ki‡Q|
n‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` †Kvb GKUv cwieviwU
University- fvj K‡j‡R, cÖwZw`‡
†Z cov bv fvj wel‡q bB †QvU-
nq Z‡e co‡j †m LvU myL
†Kvb fvj GKRb K‡jR ¯^cœ
K‡j‡R wk¶K n‡Z ¸‡jv‡K
covïbvi cvi‡e| wemR©b
e¨e¯’v w`‡q‡Q|
Ki‡e| GQvov
cwiev‡ii
Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨ivI
mn‡hvMx
Zv K‡i‡Q,
d‡j Zv‡`i
wm×vš—
mdj
n‡q‡Q|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
‡g‡qwU wb‡Ri RvZxq fvj
†g‡qwU i gv Kg evwo University wel‡q
i cwievi wkw¶Z| fvov Aax‡b bv co‡j
Zvi mg¯ ZvB w`‡q †h †Kvb †g‡q‡K
— Ni †g‡qi Zvi GKUv fvj †Kvb
fvovi gva¨‡g A_© wel‡q K‡j‡R
UvKv Zvi w`‡q cov‡bv| wk¶K
†g‡qi ¯^cœ †g‡q‡K wnmv‡
covïbvi mdj cov‡Z e
Lv‡Z Ki‡Z Pvq| wb‡qv
e¨q Pvq| M
K‡ib| Kiv‡bv
hv‡e
bv|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I j¶¨ e¨envi| Kij?
|
cwievi cwiev‡ii cwieviw †g‡q‡K
wU M„wnbx U we‡`‡k †emiKv
wbR¯^ i eyû wewfb e¨vwi÷ wi fv‡e
d¬¨vU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î vwi †h‡q
fvov ¯^cœ ¯^”QZv cov‡bv †h‡nZz
w`‡q Aí Zv‡`i mvab A_ev covi
fvov †g‡q K‡i A_© †`‡kB my‡hv
†QvU we‡`‡k mvkªq fvj M Av‡Q|
evmvq †_‡K eo K‡i‡Q| fvwm© ZvB
_vKvi e¨vwi÷ cÖ‡qvR wU‡Z MÖv‡gi
wm×vš vwi c‡o ‡b e¨vwi÷ Rwg
— †bb Avm‡e| MÖv‡gi vwi wewµ
Ges KviY evwoi cwo‡q K‡i Ges
MÖv‡gi wZwb Rwg †g‡q‡K Rgv‡bv
evwoi wb‡RB wewµq my›`i UvKv
Rwgi AvBb K‡i I fwel¨Z w`‡q
dmj Rxwe †emiKvi wbwðZ †g‡q †K
eve` n‡Z wi fv‡e Kiv| we‡`‡k
cÖvß †P‡qwQ †g‡q‡K cvVv‡b
UvKv ‡jb| we‡`‡k v d‡j
e¨vs‡K wKQy e¨vwi÷ †g‡qwU
Rgv‡Z Zv m¤ vwi fwel¨‡Z
_v‡Kb | ¢e nIqvi cov‡e| cÖPzi
†g‡qi A_©
gva¨‡gI DcvR©
†m ‡bi
¯^cœ my‡hv
c~ib M cv‡e|
Ki‡Z
Pvb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-13
¯^vgxi bvg t Av‡bvqvi
†nv‡mb|
¯¿xi bvg t gvwjnv †nv‡mb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 43 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t ¯‹z‡ji wk¶KZv|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 12,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii cwieviwU ïi“ †_‡KB `~i`kx© j¶¨
M„wnbx I †g‡q‡K fwel¨‡Z AR©‡bi
KZ©v Zv‡`i cÖwZwôZ Kivi j‡¶ cÖZ¨vmvq
GKgvÎ †g‡q‡K Zv‡K fvj cwieviwU M„wnbx Zvi
BBA I MBA ïi“ †_‡KB †Q‡j‡K cwievwiK
Kiv‡Z B”QyK| fwel¨‡Z cÖwZwôZ wewfbœ „e¨q
hv‡Z fvj GKwU Kivi j‡¶ Zv‡K fvj LyeB mxwgZ
cÖwZôv‡b School & College ‡_‡K A‡_© c~iY Kivi
†gvUv As‡Ki S.S.C & H.S.C cvk †Póv K‡i A_©
A_© DcvR©b Kiv‡q‡Q hv‡Z †m mÂq K‡ib|
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Dhaka University ev †h
†Kvb miKviwi
University PvÝ cvq|
ZvQvov G
cwieviwU‡K ej‡Z
ï‡bwQ hw` †Q‡j
Dhaka University ev
†Kvb miKviwi
University †Z PvÝ bv
cvq Z‡e Gi weKí
†Kvb Private
University-‡Z covïbv
Kiv‡bvi cwiKíbv
‡i‡L‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q| m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq| Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwiev‡ii M„n GQvovI M„nKZ©v
Zv‡`i †g‡qi KZ©v hLb M„nKZ© Zvi cÖwZgv‡m
D¾¡j PvKwi Ki‡Z ˆcZ…K m~‡Î M„wnbx‡K
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ ZLb †_‡KB cvIqv Rwgi msmvi Li‡Pi
BBA I MBA DcvwR©Z dmjw` †_‡K Rb¨ †h A_©
cvk Kiv‡Z A_© w`‡q cÖß A_© w`‡Zb
B”QyK| wejvmx Rgv‡Z M„wnbx Zv
Rxeb hvcb _v‡Kb| †_‡K
bv K‡i me cÖwZw`bB
wel‡q wKQy wKQy
K…”QZv K‡i A_©
mvab K‡i I Rgv‡bvi
wZwb wKQy †Póv Ki‡Zb|
A_© Rgv‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` Dhaka cwiev‡ii cwieviwU
University M„wnbx cÖwZw`b
ev g‡b K‡ib B ‡QvU
†emiKvix †g‡q fvj LvU myL
University GKwU ¯^cœ
†Z PvÝ bv University ¸‡j‡K
wemR©b
cvq Z‡e Gi †_‡K BBA I
w`‡q‡Q|
weKí †Kvb MBA GQvov
Private wWMÖx jvf cwiev‡ii
University K‡i fvj Ab¨vb¨
†Z fwZ© GKwU m`m¨ivI
Kiv‡bv| cÖwZôv‡b mn‡hvwM
PvKwi K‡i Zv K‡i‡Q,
A‡bK †ekx hvi d‡j †m
DcvR©b fvj fv‡e
Kivi cvk K‡i|
my‡hvM PvKzix K‡i
cv‡e| A‡bK †ekx
DcvR©b
Kivi
my‡hvM
cv‡”Q|

cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQv GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| B| weKí
g~‡j¨v m¤ú` evQvB
‡eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwiev‡ii cwiev‡i GQvovI ‡Q‡j †`‡k
M„nKZ i XvKvq Dhaka †h‡nZz
©v M„wnb wKQy University GLb fvj
†g‡q‡K xi Rwg ev ‡Kvb Privet
fvj eûw`‡b Av‡Q †m miKvix University
University i ¯^cœ Rwg‡Z University †Z
†Z Zvi evwo bv †Z PvÝ fwZ©
cov‡bvi †Q‡j eo Zz‡j Zv bv cvq nIqvi
B”Qv n‡q fvj wewµ Z‡e e¨e¯’v
†cvlb GKUv K‡i †Kvb Av‡Q
K‡ib| PvKix Private Private ZvB
cÖ‡hvR‡ Ki‡e| University University Rwg
b KviY †Z †Z wewµ I
MÖv‡gi wZwb fwZ© fwZ© wb‡Ri
RwgRgv wb‡R Kiv‡bv| Kiv‡bv| Rgv‡bv
wewµ Aí UvKv
Kivi wkw¶Z w`‡q
wm×vš ZvB †g‡q‡K
— gv_vq †Q‡ji miKvix
iv‡Lb| gva¨‡g University
wb‡ni †Z
¯^cœ fwZ©
c~ib Kiv‡bvi
Ki‡Z d‡j
†P‡q‡Q †Q‡jwU
b| A_©
DcvR©‡
bi
my‡hvM
cv‡e|
Ges
D¾¡j
fwel¨Z
wbwðZ
n‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-14
¯^vgxi bvg t mvjvg Lvb
¯¿xi bvg t cvi“ Lvb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 45 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 35 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emvqx|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 30,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU Avwg GB 1| A_© DcvR©b I
Zv‡`i eo cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ msi¶Y Kiv|
†g‡q‡K AR©‡bi Rb¨ UvKv 2| †g‡qwUi †jLv
Computer Rgv‡Z †`‡LwQ I covi myweav‡Z©
Engineering and †mRb¨ Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡K †nv‡ó‡j
programer m¤ú` e¨envi ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
evbv‡Z B”PzK| cwiKíbv Ki‡Z Zvi covïbvi
†`‡LwQ| cÖ‡qvRbxq
mgvMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi †Kvb m¤ú`
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q
Zvi NUbv
D‡jL Ki|
m¤úv‡`i ‡g‡qwU‡K ‡`‡ki Rwg‡Z j¶¨ AR©‡bi
Øviv wb‡Ri mgq I dmj Drcv`b Rb¨ †Kvb
cwieviwU kw³i myôz K‡i Ges Zv m¤úv`
Zv‡`i eo e¨envi K‡i †_‡K A_© K‡iwb|
‡g‡q‡K Computer DcvR©b K‡i
Computer Enginearing and Zv e¨envi
Enginearing and Program nIqvi Ki‡Q|
Programar Rb¨ fvj djvdj
nIqvi Rb¨ jvf Kivi †Póvq
D”P wk¶vi D¤^y×
AR©‡bi K‡i‡Q|
we‡`‡k
cvVv‡Z Pvq|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` we‡`k we‡`kx wm×vš
cvVv‡bv wWMÖx — mdj
m¤¢bv nq _vK‡j †`‡k bv nIqvi
†`‡ki †ga¨ ev we‡`‡k Kvib
†Kvb fvj †h †Kvb we‡`‡k
University RvqMvq fvj †h‡q
†Z M.S. DuPz wWMÖx
Kiv‡bvi †eZ‡bi †bqvi
e¨e¯’v PvKix g‡Zv
Ki‡eb| cvIqvi m¤ ch©vcZ
¢ebv Av‡Q| A_© H
gû‡Z©
Zv‡`i
wQj bv|
cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i we‡`‡k 1| we‡`‡k
UvKvi mnvbyf cvVv‡bv we‡`‡k hvIqvi
Afve ~wZI m¤¢e †h‡q gZ
wQj MÖv‡gi bv n‡j wWMÖ ch©vß
Ges Rwg †`‡ki †h x AR©b UvKv
B”QvI †_‡K †Kvb Kiv bv
wQj †h AwR©Z miKvix A_ev _vKvi
we‡`k A_© ev 2| †`‡ki Rb¨|
cvVv‡b e¨envi †emiKvi gva¨‡g
vi K‡i‡Qb| x Gg.Gm.
gva¨‡g Univesity Kiv|
cvwiev †Z
wiK Gg.Gm.
Ae¯’vi Kiv‡bvi
cwieZ© e¨e¯’v
b Ki‡Z| Ki‡eb|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-15
¯^vgxi bvg t kwdK wmwÏK|
¯¿xi bvg t dviRvbv wmwÏK|
¯^vgxi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emv
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 20,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwU hLb K¬vm hLb †Q‡jwU Class
M„wnbx I Nine G co‡Zv ZLb Nine- G co‡Zv
KZ©v Zv‡`i `yÕR‡b wg‡j ZLb cwieviwU
GKgvÎ †g‡q‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †g‡qi covïbvi
Computer Science †g‡qwU S.S.C cvk myweavi Rb¨
of Engineering Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb XvKv P‡j Av‡m|
cov‡Z B”QyK| K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j Ges †g‡qi covïbvi
fwel¨‡Z myweav mywe`vi Rb¨ fvj
n‡e| Zviv Zv‡`i `y wk¶K wb‡qvM
†Q‡j †g‡q‡K wb‡q K‡ib Ges
XvKvq evmv fvov cÖ‡qvRbxq
K‡i _v‡Kb| cwievi mvgMÖx mieivn
KZ©v‡K AviI ej‡Z K‡ib|
ï‡bwQ †g‡q miKvwi
University cov‡eb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v Zviv Zv‡`i
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji fvovi †QvU ˆcwÎK m~‡Î †g‡q‡K
my›`i I ¯^”Qj evmvq cÖvß cÖwZ gv‡mi
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi †h nvZ LiP
Computer mxwgZ A_© evwoi Rwgi w`‡Zb Zv
Science of e¨‡q msmvi dmj I †_‡K †m
Engineering Pvjvb| hw`I biwmw›` †Z cÖw`wb
cov‡Z cwieviwU †h evwo wKQy K‡i
B”QyK| c~‡e© Av‡Q Zv Rgv‡Zv Zvi
wejvmx fvov w`‡q fvB‡qi Rb¨|
Rxeb hvcb Zvi †_‡K
KiZ| GLb me cÖvß UvKv
wel‡q KZi| e¨vs‡K
GLb me Rgv‡Z
wel‡q A_© _v‡Kb|
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
†g‡q hw` cwieviwU wm×vš—
miKviwi g‡b K‡i GLb mKj
†Kvb †h‡nZz n‡q‡Q,
University Computer Gi KviY
†Z PvÝ bv hyM ZvB cwieviwU
cvq Z‡e Zv‡`i †g‡q Zv‡`i
Zv‡K †Kvb ‡K Computer †QvU-LvU
GKUv wel‡qi Dci myL-
†emiKviwi cov‡Z weivmxZ
University- B”QyK| v †K
‡Z co‡eb| wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
†g‡qwU
cÖ‡qvRb
xq K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ I ¢ve¨ evQv GKwU
v wiK Ab¨b¨ weKí| B| weKí
g~‡j¨v m¤ú` evQvB
‡eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwievi cwievi cwieviwU †Q‡j‡K †`‡k
wU Aí wU wewfbœ Computer †h‡nZz
fvovi UvKvi Computer science of GLb
†QvU Afve science of engineering †emiKv
evmvq wQj engineering cov‡bv wi
_v‡Ki ZvB cov‡bv A_ev University
wm×v Zviv A_ev mvaviY Av‡Q
š— †Q‡ji mvaviY welq ZvB
†bb †ckvi welq Abvm© Rwg
Ges gva¨‡g Abvm© cov‡bv| wewµ
†Q‡jw Zv‡`i cov‡bv| K‡i I
Ui cvwiev wb‡R‡`i
evev wiK Rgv‡bv
Zvi Ae¯’vi UvKv
MÖv‡g cwieZ †Q‡j‡K
i ©b †emiKv
evwoi Ki‡Z wi
Rwg †P‡q‡Q University
wKQy b| †Z
Uv fwZ©
wewµ Kiv‡bvi
K‡i d‡j †m
†`b| DuPz
†eZ‡bi
PvKwi
cv‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-16
¯^vgxi bvg t †g‡n`x nvmvb|
¯¿xi bvg t dviv nvmvb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 57 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emv
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 16,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 3 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii Avwg GB ‡Q‡jwUi †jLv covi
M„wnbx I cwieviwU‡K j¶¨ myweav‡_©
KZ©v Zv‡`i AR©‡bi Rb¨ †g‡qi Zv‡K †nv‡ó‡j
GKgvÎ †Q‡j ‡K covïbvi w`‡K j¶¨ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv I
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ivL‡Z †`‡LwQ| Zvi covïbvi
GKRb wkw¶Kv cÖ‡qvRbxq
evbv‡Z B”QyK| mvgMÖx
mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i evwo fvovi †g‡qwU Zvi
cwieviwU †g‡qwU‡K mg¯— A_© nv‡Zi KvR
Zv‡`i eo wb‡Ri mgq I e¨envi Ki‡Q| Kiv Kvco
†g‡q‡K D”P †gavi myôz wewµ K‡i
wk¶v‡_© e¨env‡ii †m A_©
fvwm©wU‡ gva¨‡g fvj covïbvi
Z fwZ© Ki‡Z djvdj I mvdj¨ wcQ‡b e¨q
Pvq| Ges GKRb Ki‡Q|
GKRb Av`k© wkw¶Kv
wkw¶Kv wnmv‡e
evbv‡Z Pvq| M‡o DV‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
hw` †Kvb GKUv wm×vš—
University fvj K‡j‡R, mKj
†Z cov bv fvj wel‡q n‡q‡Q,
nq Z‡e co‡j †m KviY
†Kvb fvj GKRb K‡jR cwieviwU
K‡j‡R wk¶K n‡Z Zv‡`i
covïbvi cvi‡e| †QvU-LvU
e¨e¯’v myL-
Ki‡e| weivmxZ
v †K
wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
‡Q‡jwU
cÖ‡qvRb
xq K‡i‡Q|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
‡g‡qwU wb‡Ri RvZxq fvj
i cwievi †g‡qwUi evwo fwm©w wel‡q
Zvi mg¯ gv Kg fvov U bv co‡j
— Ni wkw¶Z| w`‡q Awa‡b †g‡q‡K
fvovi ZvB Zvi †h †Kvb †Kvb
UvKv †g‡qi A_© GKUv K‡j‡R
†g‡qi gva¨‡g w`‡q fvj wk¶K
covïbvi Zvi †g‡q‡K wel‡q wnmv‡
Lv‡Z ¯^cœ cov‡Z cov‡bv| e
e¨q mdj Pvq| wb‡qv
K‡ib| Ki‡Z M
Pvq| Kiv‡bv
hv‡e
bv|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-17
¯^vgxi bvg t gy¯—vwdRyi
ingvb|
¯¿xi bvg t BmivZ Rvnvb|
¯^vgxi eqm t 56 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 49 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t e¨emv
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 20,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 3 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii ‡Q‡jwU Gm.Gm.wm cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I cvk Kivi ci †Kvb m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨
KZ©v Zv‡`i K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j †ekx fvov
†Q‡j‡K fewl¨‡Z myweav evwo‡qZ bv †_‡K
g¨vwR‡÷ªU n‡e| Zv `yÕR‡b Kg fvo †h
evbv‡Z B”PzK| wg‡j Av‡jvPbv evwowU‡Z
K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii _vK‡Q|
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
wk¶K †m‡nZ wZwb
cÖvB‡fU cwo‡q
AwZwi³ DcvR©b
Ki‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v M„wnbx
Zv‡`i †Q‡ji fvovi †QvU ˆcwÎK my‡Î cÖwZ gv‡m
my›`i I mPj evmvq cÖvß msmv‡ii LiP
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi †_‡K I wKQy
g¨AwR‡÷ªU LyeB evwoi Rwgi UvKv mÂq
evbv‡Z mxwgZ A_© dmj eve` K‡i ‡m
B”QyK| e¨‡q msmvi cvß UvKv I UvKvI
Pvjvb| hw` e¨vs‡K e¨vs‡K
cwieviwU Rgv‡Z Rgv‡Z
c~‡e© _v‡Kb| _vK‡b|
wejvmx
wReb hvcb
KiZ GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
g¨vwR‡÷ª cwieviwU wm×vš—
U n‡Z bv g‡b K‡i mdj
cvi‡jv Zv‡`i †Q‡j n‡q‡Q
GKUv fvj g¨vwR‡÷ªU Kvib
wel‡q n‡j †m cwieviwU
Abvm© åvggvb Zv‡`i
K‡i AvBb Kv‡R †QvU LvU
we.wm.G mnvqZv myL
m w`‡q K‡i| wejvmxZ
cÖkvm‡b v‡K
XyK‡e| wemR©b
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
†Q‡jwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I j¶¨ e¨envi| Kij?
|
cwieviw cwiev‡ii cwieviw †Q‡j‡K †h‡nZz
U Aí M„wnbx U g¨vwR‡ g¨vwR‡
fvovq i eû wewfb ÷ªU ÷ªU n‡Z
†QvU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î evbv‡b n‡j fv‡jv
evmvq ¯^cœ K…”QZ v A_ev GKUv
_vKvi Zv‡`i v mvab †h †Kvb wbw`©
wm×vš †Q‡j K‡i A_© cÖkvm ó gvc I
— †bb GKRb mvkªq wbK m¤ú~b
Ges g¨vwR‡ K‡i‡Q| Awdmvi © fv‡e
MÖv‡gi ÷U n‡e| evbv‡b kvixwiK
evwoi Kvib v| my¯’¨Zv
Rwgi wZwb _vK‡Z
dmj Avwg© nq| ZvB
evev` ‡Ki fxlb g¨AwR‡
cÖvß cÖvbvjx ÷ªU bv
UvKv cQ›` n‡Z
e¨vs‡K Kvib cvi‡j
Rgv‡Z Ges Zv‡K
_v‡Kb| wZwb cÖkvmb
gb K‡ib Awdmvi
g¨AwR‡ evwb‡q
÷ªU n‡j Zv‡`i
†Q‡j ¯^cœ
mwVK cyib
fv‡e Ki‡e|
åvggvb
AvBb
welqK
KvR
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-18
¯^vgxi bvg t Avwgi †nv‡mb|
¯¿xi bvg t widvZ †nv‡mb |
¯^vgxi eqm t 55 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 48 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t wk¶K|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 25,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 4 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †g‡qwU S.S.C cvk cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb mvkª‡qi Rb¨ †ekx
KZ©v Zv‡`i K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j fvov evwo‡Z bv
†g‡q‡K Avwg fwel¨‡Z myweav ‡_‡K Kg fvovq
Awdmvi n‡e, Zv `yÕR‡b †QvU evox‡Z
evbv‡Z wg‡j Av‡jvPbv _vK‡Q|
B”QyK| K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii
KZ©v †h‡nZz GKRb
wk¶K †m‡nZz
wZwb cÖvB‡fU
cwo‡q AwZwi³ A_©
DcvR©b Ki‡Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v M„wnbx
Zv‡`i ‡g‡qi fvovi †QvU ˆcwÎK m~‡Î cÖwZgv‡m
my›`i I evmvq cÖvß msmv‡iii LiP
¯^”Qj _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi †_‡KI wKQy
fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ LyeB evwoi Rwgi UvKv mÂq
Avwg mxwgZ A_© dmj eve` K‡i †m UvKvI
Awdmvi e¨‡q msmvj cÖvß UvKvI e¨vs‡K
evbv‡Z Pvjvb| hw`I e¨vs‡K Rgv‡Z
B”QyK| cwieviwU Rgv‡Z _v‡Kb|
c~‡e© _v‡Kb|
wejvmx
Rxeb hvcb
KiZ| GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
Avwg© cwieviwU wm×vš—
Awdmvi g‡b K‡i mdj
n‡Z bv Zv‡`i ‡g‡q n‡q‡Q,
cvi‡j Avwg© KviY
GKUv fvj Awdmvi n‡j cwieviwU
wel‡q †m †`‡ki Zv‡`i
Abvm© ‡mev Kivi †QvU-LvU
K‡i my‡hvM myL
wewmGm cv‡e| wejvmxZ
w`‡q v‡K
cÖkvm‡b wemR©b
XyK‡e| `w‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
†g‡qwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|

cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµqv cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwieviw cwiev‡ii cwieviw ‡g‡q‡K ‡h‡nZz
U Aí M„wnbx U Avwg© Avwg©
fvovi i eû wewfb Awdmvi Awdmvi
†QvU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î evbv‡b n‡Z
evmvq ¯^cœ K…”QZ v A_ev †M‡j
_v‡Ki Zv‡`i v mvab †h †Kvb GKUv
wm×vš †Q‡j K‡i A_© cÖmvm wbw`©
— †bb GKRb mvkªq wbK ó gvc I
Ges Avwg© K‡i‡Q| Awdmvi m¤ú~Y
MÖv‡gi Awdmvi evbv‡b © fv‡e
evwoi n‡e| v| kvixwiK
Rwgi KviY my¯’¨Z
dmj wZwb v _vK‡Z
eve` Avwg© nq, ZvB
cÖvß ‡`i Rxeb Avwg
UvKvI cÖbvjx Awdmvi
e¨vs‡K cQ›` bv n‡Z
Rgv‡Z K‡ib cvi‡j
_v‡Kb| Ges Zv‡K
wZwb cÖkvm
g‡b b
K‡ib Awdmvi
Avwg© evwb‡q
n‡j ‡g‡q Zv‡`i
mwVK ¯^cœ
fv‡e c~iY
†`‡ki Ki‡e|
†mev
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-19
¯^vgxi bvg t BQvK Avn‡g` |
¯¿xi bvg t Avdwib Avn‡g`|
¯^vgxi eqm t 50 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 45 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t Wv³vi|
¯¿xi †ckv t M„nxwb|
Avq t 45,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 3 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKU Zg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
GB cwiev‡ii †g‡qwU S.S.C cvk cwieviwU A_©
M„wnbx I Kivi ci Zv‡K †Kvb mvkª‡qi Rb¨ †ekx
KZ©v Zv‡`i K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡j fvov evwo‡Z bv
†g‡q‡K cvBjU fwel¨Z myweav †_‡K Kg fvovi
evbv‡Z n‡e, ZvÕ `yÕR‡b †QvU evox
B”QyK| wg‡j Av‡jvPbv _vK‡Q|
K‡i‡Qb| cwiev‡ii
KZ©v ‡h‡nZz GKRb
Wv³vi †m‡nZz
wegvb Pvjbv wk¶v
e¨q eûj ZvB †g‡q‡K
cvBj&U evbv‡Z
e¨qK…Z A_© wb‡Ri
†eZb †_‡K gv‡m
gv‡m Rgv‡”Qb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q? m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq? Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
cwieviwU cwieviwU Aí M„nKZ©v Zviv cÖwZ
Zv‡`i †g‡qi fvovi †QvU cwÎK m~‡Î gv‡mi †eZb
my›`i I ¯^”Pj evmvq cÖvß †_‡K wKQy
fwel¨‡Z Rb¨ _v‡Kb Ges MÖv‡gi UvKv mÂq
cvBjU mxwgZ A_© evwoi Rwgi K‡i †m UvKI
evbv‡Z e¨Iq msmvi dmj eve` e¨vs‡K
B”QyK| Pvjbv| hw`I cÖvß UvKvI Rgv‡Z
cwieviwU e¨vs‡K _v‡Kb|
c~‡e© Rgv‡Z
wejvmx _v‡Kb|
Rxeb hvcb
KiZ| GLb me
wel‡q A_©
mvkªq K‡i
mÂq Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
‡g‡q cwieviwU wm×vš—
cvBjU n‡Z g‡b K‡i mdj
bv cvi‡j Zv‡`i ‡g‡q n‡q‡Q,
GKUv fvj cvBjU ev KviY
wel‡q Kv÷g cwieviwU
Abvm© Awdmvi n‡j Zv‡`i
K‡i †m †`‡ki †QvU-LvU
we.wm.G †mev Kivi myL
m w`‡q my‡hvM weivmxZ
K÷g cv‡e| v‡K
Awdmvm wemR©b
© ev w`‡q‡Q|
cÖkvm‡b GQvovI
XyK‡e| ‡g‡qwU
cÖ‡qvRbx
q covïbv
K‡i‡Q|
cwiev‡ii Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ |
cwieviw cwiev‡ii cwieviw †g‡q‡K †h‡nZz
U Aí M„wnbx U cvBjU cvBjU
fvovi i eû wewfb evbv‡b n‡Z
†QvU w`‡bi œ †¶‡Î v A_ev †M‡j
evmvq ¯^cœ K…”QZ Kv÷g GKUv
_v‡Ki Zv‡`i v mvab ev wbw`©
wm×vš †g‡q K‡i A_© cÖmvk ó gvc I
— †bb GKRb mvkªq wbK m¤úyY
Ges cvBjU K‡i‡Q| Awdmvi © fv‡e
†eZ‡bi n‡e| evbv‡b kvixwiK
cvkv KviY v| my¯’¨Z
cvwk wZwb v Ges
MÖv‡gi DoRvnv wegvb
evwoi R ev Pvjbvq
Rwgi wegv‡b cv`©wk
dmj K‡i D‡o n‡Z nq,
eve` bvbv ZvB
cÖvß †`k cvBjU
UvKvI we‡`‡k bv n‡Z
e¨vs‡K Ny‡i cvi‡j
Rgv‡Z †eov‡Z Zv‡K
_v‡Kb| cQ›` K÷gm
K‡ib| ev †h
†Kvb
cÖmvm
wbK
Awdmvi
evwb‡q
Zv‡`i
¯^cœ
c~iY
Ki‡e|
cwievi cwiwPwZ bs-20

¯^vgxi bvg t †iRv Avn¤§`|


¯¿xi bvg t ‡gŠmywg Av³vi| |
¯^vgxi eqm t 40 eQi|
¯¿xi eqm t 30 eQi|
¯^vgxi †ckv t Wv³vi
¯¿xi †ckv t M„wnbx|
Avq t 25,000 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v t 3 Rb|

j¶¨ I g~‡j¨‡eva ch©‡e¶Y

1| `yi`kx© j¶¨ 2| j¶¨ AR©‡b 3| `yi`kx© j¶¨


wK? cwievi‡K wK Ki‡Z AR©‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q I †kvbv cwieviwbKUZg
†M‡Q, hv †_‡K g‡b †Kvb j¶¨ AR©‡bi
nq cwieviwU j¶¨ †Póv Ki‡Q?
AR©‡b cÖ‡Róv
MÖnY Ki‡Q?
G cwieviwU G cwieviwU j¶¨ nu¨v Zviv
Zv‡`i GKgvÎ AR©‡b cÖ‡Póv cÖwZgv‡m
†Q‡j‡K Wv³vwi MÖnY K‡i‡Q| KviY e¨vs‡K UvKv
cov‡Z Pvq| †`Lv †M‡Q Zviv Rgv‡”Q Ges
e¨vs‡K UvKv †Q‡j‡K †mfv‡e
RvgvbZ Ges †Q‡ji M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨
cov-ïbv I Ab¨vb¨ m‡PZb|
me e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb|
cwiev‡ii m¤ú` e¨envi

1| m¤ú‡`i 2| e¨w³MZ 3| ˆelqxK 4| j¶¨


Øviv †Kvb †Kvb m¤úv` †Kvb m¤úv` AR©‡b †Kvb
j¶¨ AR©b e¨envi Ki‡Q? e¨envi Ki‡Q| m¤ú` e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvq| Ki‡Q Zvi
NUbv D‡jL
Ki|
m¤ú‡`i Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i cÖwZ gv‡m ÷vÛvU
cwieviwU †Q‡jwUi †eZb †_‡K e¨vs‡K
Zv‡`i GK gvÎ wb‡Ri mgq I wKQy UvKv cÖwZgv‡m
†Q‡j‡K †gavi myôz mÂq K‡i‡Q| 1, 000 UvKv
Wv³vwi e¨env‡ii K‡i Zv‡`i
cov‡Z Pvq| gva¨‡g fvj Rgv‡Z †`Lv
djvdj I mvdj¨ †M‡Q|
GKRb Wv³vi
n‡Z
DrmvqxZ
Ki‡Q|

cwiev‡ii wm×vš— MÖnb

1| wm×vš 2| evQvB 3| †Kvb 4| 5|


— MÖn‡Yi Kiv| GKwU wm×vš— wm×vš
bvbv iKg wbw`©ó mdj nj — mdj
m¤¢ebv wm×vš— †Kb, Zvi bv n‡j,
(weKí) MÖnY e¨vL¨v †Kb nj
K‡i‡Q? Ki‡j `vI bv?
Zvi KviY
`k©vI|
Wv³vwi nu¨v| wm×vš
cov‡bvi Wv³vwii — mdj
†Kvb weKí gva¨‡g †m nIqvi KviY
†bB| Zv‡K gvby‡li cwieviwUi
Wv³vwiB †mev Ki‡e| m`m¨‡`i
cov‡e| Avš—wiK
mn‡hvwM
Zv|
cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqv evQvB

1| 2| 3| 4| m¤ 5| 6| †Kb
cÖwµq cvwiev e¨w³MZ ¢ve¨ evQvB| GKwU
v wiK I Ab¨b¨ weKí| weKí
g~‡j¨v‡ m¤ú` evQvB
eva I e¨envi| Kij?
j¶¨ (†Kb
Zviv
†mUv
Kijv bv)|
‡Q‡jwUi ‡eZ‡bi gvbyl‡K m¤¢e 1| Zviv
evev UvKv wbt¯^v n‡j eZ©gv
Zvi Qvov _© fv‡e we‡`‡k b
gvwmK Zv‡`i †mev cvwV‡q Wv³vi‡`i
†eZb †Kvb Kivi Rb¨ G KvQ
†_‡K ˆelwqK ‡Q‡j‡K †ckvq †_‡K
1,000 m¤úv` Zviv †ekx g‡bvf~
UvKv wQj bv| Wv³vwi `¶Zv Z †mev
K‡i cov‡e| AR©b cvq bvB
Rgvb| Avi ZvB Kiv‡e| e‡j|
Zv‡`i 2|
mnvbyf KZ©vi
~wZ I gv
Rgv‡bv Wv³vi‡`i
UvKv f~j
e¨envi wUU‡g‡
Ki‡Q| ›Ui
Kvi‡Y
gviv
†M‡Qb|
Dcmsnvi t
cwiKíbv cÖbqb I ev¯—evqb †¶‡Î Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cwievi
¸‡jv GLb A‡bK `yi`wk©| Zviv Rv‡b wKfv‡e cwiKíbv
cÖbqb Ki‡Z nq, wKfv‡e m¤ú` e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| mgqUv‡K
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z nq| GLbKvi cwievi¸‡jv weKí evQvB K‡i
wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q|

GZ`m‡Z¡I Avw_©K cÖwZK’jZv I gvb m¤§Z wk¶vi Afv‡e


A‡bK mgq Zv‡`i cwiKíbv evav MÖ¯’ nq| ZeyI ej‡Z nq
cwievi¸‡jv GLb cwiKíbv cÖbq‡bi †¶‡Î h‡_÷ m‡PZb n‡q
D‡V‡Q|

mgvß
Òm~Px cÎÓ
welq-
c„óv bs-
1. f~wgKv- 1
2. enb‡hvM¨ DbœZ Pzjv:- 2
Pzjv cwiwPwZ- 2
‰Zixi wbqgvejx- 3
QvKbx- 5
3. QvKbx wenxb DbœZ Pzjv:- 6
Aenb‡hvM¨ Pzjv- 6
‰Zixi wbqgvejx- 6
e¨envi cÖbvjx- 6
4. enb‡hvM¨ Pzjv:- 7
ˆZixi wbqgvejx- 8
5. cvwievwiK e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx m¤ú~Y© gvwUi
Dc‡Ë DbœZ wØgyLx Pzjv:- 8
cwiwPwZ- 9
ˆZixi wbqgvejx- 9
wPgbx- 11
6. cvwievwiK e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx m¤ú~Y© gvwUi
Dc‡Ë DbœZ wØg~Lx wPgbx Pzjv:- 12
cwiwPwZ- 13
‰Zixi wbqgvejx- 13
7. mvaviY Pzjv I DbœZ Pzjvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨- 14
8. Dcmsnvi- 15
f~wgKv t
evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ ePi ivbœv-evbœ& I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R cÖvq
100 †KvwU g‡biI †ewk cÖPwjZ R¡vjvwb †hgb, KvV,Lo-
KzUv , cvZv, NyUv BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nh| RbmsL¨v
e„w×i mv‡_ G mg¯’ R¡vjvwbi e¨envi w`b w`b †e‡o
hv‡”Q| GKUv †`‡ki myôz cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek eRvq ivL‡Z
n‡j kZKiv 25 fvM eb m¤ú` ZvKv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i
i‡q‡Q gvÎ 9 fvM | ZvI Avevi AwZwiKZ R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi Rb¨ `&ªyZ †K‡U aŸsm K‡i †djv n‡”Q| d‡j †`k
cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ nvwi‡h †d‡j‡Q, †hgb †`‡ki DËiv‡ji
wKQy wKQy †Rjv gi“f~wg‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi mgfvebvq FZz
I e„w÷c †Zi cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hv‡”Q Ges †`‡ki cÖvq
Abve„wó, AwZe„wó I eb¨v †`Lv hv‡”Q|
Av‡M dmj KvUvi ci bvov, Lo- KzUv BZ¨vw` Rwg‡Z †d‡j
ivfv nZ, †Mvei Rwg‡Z †`qv nZ Ges †m¸‡jv cu‡P Rwg‡Z
m †i cwiYZ nZ, wKš‘y AvRKvi R¡vjvwbi Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †Mvei, bvov BZ¨vw` Rwg‡Z mvi wnmv‡e
e¨envi bv K‡i evwo‡Z wb‡q Avmv nq| G‡Z Rwg
cÖvK„wZK mvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q Ges De©iZv w`b w`b
K‡g hv‡”Q|
K„wl wfwËK evsjv‡`‡ki eb m¤ú` i¶v Ki‡Z n‡i cwi‡e‡ki
evimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j Ges K„wl Drcv`b evov‡Z n‡j
Avgv‡`i mg¯— R¡vjvwbi e¨envi wbðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
eZ©gv‡b MÖv‡g-M‡Ä †h `i‡bi Pzjvi e¨envi nq Zv‡Z
R¡vjvwbi A‡nZzK AcPq nq| cix¶v K‡i †`Lv wM‡q‡Q, D³
Pzjvq R¡vjvwb cywo‡q hZUzKz Zvckw³ cvIqv hvq
mvavibZ Zvi kZKiv gvÎ 5 †_‡K 15 fvM Kv‡R jv‡M Avi
evwK 85 †_‡K 95 fvM Zvcgw³ AcPq nq| Ab¨w`‡K Pzjvq
m„wó welv³ Mig M¨v‡m e¨envwiKvixi mv‡¯’¨i KwZ K‡i
Ges cwi‡ek‡K `~wlZ Kwi& R¡viw‡bi A‡nZzK AcPq †iva
Ges mv¯’¨Ki I `~lYgy³ cwi‡ek eRvq ivKvi D‡Ï¨‡k¨
evsjv‡`k weÁvb wkí M‡embv cwil` ( mv‡qÝ j¨ve‡iUwi)
Gi R¡vjvwb M‡elbv I Dbœqb Bbw÷wUDU e¨enviKvixi
myweavi w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L cvwievwiK ivbœv-evbœ †Z‡K ïi“
K‡i QvÎevm, GwZgKvbv, †nv‡Uj, †mbvwbevm, K¨v¤úv,
wkí-KviKvbvi Ec‡hvwM wfwebœ ai‡bi DbœZ Pzjv D‡™
¢v`b K‡i‡Q|
DbœZ Pzjvi wKQy myweav wb‡q cÖ`Ë nj-
1| G‡Z jvKwoi LiPv A‡a©K †eu‡P hvq|
2| G‡Z †avuqv Kg nq|
3| GB Pzjv gvwU w`‡q vwZ mn‡R ˆZix Kiv
4| ivbœv N‡i †avuqv I Kvwj nq bv|

Òenb‡hvM¨ DbœZ PzjvÓ


1| Avcwb hw` me©`v jvKwo w`‡q ivbœv K‡ib,
2| Avcbvi cwiev‡ii †jvK msL¨v hw` Kg nq Ges
3| PzjvwU hw` GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b †bqv cÖ‡qvRb
†eva K‡ib, Z‡e G ai‡bi GKwU enb‡hvM¨ DbœZ Pzjv ˆZix
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Pzjv cwiwPwZ:-
GB enb‡hvM¨ DbœZ Pzjv evB‡i †_‡K †`LZ A‡bKUv
mv`vib enb‡hvM¨ Pzjvi gZB| Z‡e GB DbœZ Pzjv I
mvavib Pzjvi wKQyUv g‡a¨ wKQyUv cvZ©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Zv
wb‡æ †`qv nj-
(K) GB DbœZ Pzjvi wfZ‡i wSuKv †Z‡K 6 Bw (15
†m:wg:) wb‡P GKwU QuKbx Av‡Q|
(L) GB DbœZ Pzjvi g‡a¨ evZvm cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ Pzjvi
Mv‡q PZzw`©‡K nvd Bw (1.25 †m:wg:) e¨v‡mi 7/8wU
wQ`ª c_ Av‡Q Ges †ei Kivi Rb¨ GKcv‡k 3 ¸b 3 Bw (7.5
¸b-7.5‡m:wg:) GKwU PvB gyL Av‡Q|
(M) GB Pzjvi wSuKv ¸‡jvi D”PZv gvÎ nvc Bw (1.25
†m:wg)|
‰Zixi wbqgvejx :-

cÖ_‡g wKQy G‡Uj gvwU fvj K‡i †Qu‡K wbjvg| cÖ‡qvR‡b


wKQyUv †Mvevi wgwk‡q †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gevi GB gvwU
w`‡q 12 Bwà (30 †m:wg:) e¨v‡mi GKUv †MvjvKvi
PvKwZ ˆZix Kijvg| 9 Bw (22.5†m:wg:) e¨vm
(cÖ‡qvR‡b eªvm †QvU eo Kiv hv‡e) Ges 14 Bw (30
†m:wg:) DuPz GKwU WvBm cvwb w`‡q wfwR‡q wb‡q
GB PvKwZwUi Dci (wPÎ bs-2) ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB WvB‡mi Pviw`‡K gvwU w`‡q 11 Bw (27.5†m:wg:)
DuPz K‡i Pzjvi KvUv‡gvwU ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e,
†hb KvVv‡gvwUi me©‡gvU D”PZ 12 Bw (30 †m:wg:)
nq| WvBmwU mn‡R †Zvjvi myweav‡_© WvB‡mi Zi‡`‡k
KvUv‡gvi Pvi cv‡k 3/4wU wQ`ª Ki‡Z n‡e| WBmwUi
Wv‡b ev‡g GKcy k³ nIqvi Rb¨ `y-GK w`b †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e|
Gi ci KvVv‡gvwUi Dc‡ii w`‡K (3bs wPÎ Abyhvqx) jvKwo
†`qvi Rb¨ cvkvcvwk mv‡o 4 Bw (11.25†m:wg:) Ges
Dc‡i-wb‡P 4Bwn&P (10.0 †m:wg:) K‡i GKwU gyK †Ku‡U
wb‡Z n‡e| jvKwo ivLvi Rb¨ Pzjvi gy‡Li evB‡i w`KUv
gvwU w`‡q (3bs wPÎ Abyhvqx) GKUz evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e
Ges Avauv Bw (1.25†m;wg:) DuPz K‡i wRuKv wZbwU
†Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e|

3bs wPÎ Abyhvqx KvVv‡gvi Mv‡q Pzjvi wfZi w`‡q


wSuKv †_‡K mv‡o 6 Bw (16.25 †m;wg:) bx‡P gvwUi
nvwo-cvwZj fv½v †QvU †QvU Pvov AvovAvwo fv‡e
XywK‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges c‡i Pvovi Dci I wb‡Pi gvwUi Av¯
—vi w`‡q †j‡c GKwU ZvK ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| GB Zv‡Ki
Dc‡iB QvKwb emv‡Z n‡e| Zv‡Ki †`o Bw (3.75 †m:wg:)
bx‡P KvUv‡gvi Mv‡q Pviw`‡K mgvb `~iZ¡ 1bs wPÎ
Abhvqx nvd Bw (1.25 †m:wg:) e¨v‡mi 7/8 wU wQ`ª
Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GB wP`ª c‡_ Pjvi wfZ‡i w`‡q Aev‡a
evZvm cÖ‡eg Ki‡Z cv‡i| QvB †ei Kivi Rb¨ Pzjvi wb‡Pi
w`‡K jvKwo gy‡Ki GKcv‡k 3¸b 3 Bw (7.5 ¸b
7.5†m:wg:0 K‡i 3 bs wPÎ Abyhvqx GKwU QvB gyL
†Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi PzbvwU‡K †j‡c ïwK‡q e¨envi
Dc‡hvMx K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
QvKbx t
Pzjvi e¨v‡mi †P‡q 1 Bw (2.54 †mt wgt) Kg e¨v‡mi
GKwU †MvjvKvi PvKwZ ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| PvKwZwU
Gg,Gm,wmU,wUb ev gvwU w`‡q ˆZix Kiv hvq|
PvKwZwUi Dc‡i nvd Bw (1.25 †mtwgt) ci ci nvd BwÂ
(1.25 †mtwgt) e¨A‡mi wQ`ª K‡i PvKbxwU ˆZix Ki‡Z
n‡e|
ÒQvKbx wenxb DbœZ PzjvÓ

Aenb‡hvM¨ t-
GB Pzjv DbœZ Pzjvi GKwU cwiewZ©Z g‡Wj| G‡Z
QvKbxi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| c~‡e© D‡jwLZ g‡Wj ¸wj‡Z
bx‡P †_‡K evZvm cÖ‡ek Ges Pzjvi MfxiZv Kgvevi Rb¨
QvKbx e¨venvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| QvKbx e¨venvi bv K‡i GKB
D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ QvKbx wenxb GB g‡W‡j mbvZb Pzjvi
MfxiZv Kwg‡q Ges cvk¦© w`‡q evZvm cÖ‡e‡ki e¨ve¯’v
†i‡L QvKbx ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e D‡jL¨ †h, QvKbx Pzjvi
Zzjbvq MfxiZv GKUz †ekx weavq R¡vjvbx mvkªq
c~‡e©i g‡Wj ¸‡jvi Zz‡jvbvq GKUz Kg n‡e|
GB Pzjvi wKQy myweav Av‡Q †m¸wj wb‡æ †`qv n‡jvt-
1| QvKbxi Rb¨ LiP jv‡M bv|
2| me iKg R¡vjvbx e¨venvi Kiv hvq|

G Pzjv ˆZixi wbqgvejxt-


GB Pzjvi KvVv‡gv ˆZixi wbqg DbœZ enb †hvM¨ GKgyLx
Pzjvi g‡ZvB| Z‡e Bnv †g‡Si mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| †g‡Si
Dc‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡mi WvBm wb‡q enb‡hvM¨ Pzjvi gZ
8 Bw (20 †mtwgt) DuPz KvVv‡gv ˆZix K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
Ges H Pzjvi gZB nvd Bw (1.25 †mtwgt) D”PZvq
wZbwU wSKv †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e cv_©K¨ GB †h,
R¡vjvbx gyLwU †g‡Si †j‡fj †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e| Ges evZvm
cÖ‡e‡ki/QvB †ei Kivi Rb¨ Pzjvi wfZ‡i R¡vjvbx gy‡Li GK
cv‡k¦© GKwU 2 Bw gyL ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨venvi cÖYvjx t-
GB Pzjvi e¨venvi cÖbvjx GK gyLx enb †hvM¨ DbœZ
Pzjvi gZB| Z‡e QvB †ekx Rgv n‡j QvB †ei Kivi gyL w`‡q
KvwVi mvnv‡h¨ †ei K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| GB Pzjvq GKmv‡_
†ekx R¡vjvbx †`qv wVK n‡e bv|
enb‡hvM¨ Pzjvt-
GB Pzjvi Kvh©cÖbvjx Aenb‡hvM¨ Pzjvi gZB Z‡e Bnv GK
RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq mn‡RB enb Kiv hvq|
ˆZixi wbqgvejxt-
Pzjvi KvVv‡gv I wSuKv enb‡hvM¨ QvKbxhy³ Pzjvi gZB|
Z‡e D”PZv 12 Bw ¯’‡j 7 Bw (17.5 †mtwgt) Ges
QvKbx emvevi Rb¨ †Kvb Zv‡K ˆZixi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv
Dc‡ii wPÎ Abyhvqx Pzjvi Mv‡q Zjv †_‡K 1 Bw (2.54
†mtwgt) Dc‡i 6-8 wU nvd Bw (1.25 †mtwgt) e¨v‡mi
wQ`ª Ki‡Z n‡e| Zjv †_‡K 1 Bw (2.54 †mtwgt) Dc‡ib 4
¸b 3.5 Bw (10 ¸b 8.75 †mtwgt) R¡vjvbx gyL Ges GK
cv‡k 2¸b 2 Bw (5.0 ¸b 5.0 †mtwgt) QvB gyL ˆZix Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Gi e¨envi cÖbvjx Dc‡i ewb©Z Aenb †hvM¨ Pzjvi
gZB|
ÒcwievwiK e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx m¤ú~Y©
gvwUi Dc‡i DbœZ wØgyLx PzjvÓ
cwiwPwZt-
(K) GB Pzjvi †KvbwSuKv _v‡K bv| Kv‡RB cvwZj emv‡bvi
ci evwZj I Pzjvi gv‡S †Kvb duvK _v‡K bv| d‡j Pzjv n‡Z
mivmwi †Kvb †auvqv ev DËvß M¨vm evwn‡i Avm‡Z
cv‡i bv|
(L) GB Pzjvi `ywU gyL _v‡K| cÖ_g gy‡L jvKwo R¡‡j Ges
mivmwi Av¸‡bi Zv‡c ivbœv nq| GB gyL n‡Z wbM©Z
DËß M¨vm 5 Bw (12.5 †mtwgt) e¨v‡mi GKwU c‡_
wØZxq gy‡L cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges GB DËß M¨v‡kB wØZxq
gy‡L ivbœv nq| Ae‡k‡l e¨eüZ Mig M¨vm I †auvqv 2
Bw (5 †mtwgt) e¨v‡mi GKwUwQ`ª c_ w`‡q 3 Bw (7.5
†mtwgt) bx‡P GKwU wPgbxq mvnv‡h¨ N‡ii evwn‡i P‡j
hvq|
(M) cÖ_g gyLwUi wfZ‡i 8 Bw (20 †mtwgt) bx‡P GKwU
QvKbx _v‡K| GB QvKbxi Dc‡i jvKwo †cvov‡bv nq\
wØZxq gyLwUi Zjv Ggb fv‡e gvwU w`‡h fivU Kiv nq
†hb cvwZj emv‡bvi ci cvwZ‡ji Zjv †_‡K Gi `yiZ¡ gvÎ 2-3
Bw (5.7 †mtwgt) _v‡K|
(N) cÖ_g Pzjvi QvKbxi bx‡P R¡vjvwb gy‡Li `yB cv‡k
evZvm cÖ‡ek I QvB †ei Kivi Rb¨ 5 ¸b 5 Bw (12.5 ¸b
12.5 †mtwgt) `ywU gyL _v‡K|
(O) GB PzjvwU KvV †cvov‡bvi Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx|

ˆZixi wbqgvejxt-
GKwU wØgyLx wPgbx Pzjv ˆZixi Rb¨ `yBU WvBm Ggb
fv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb G‡`i g‡a¨ Aš—Z 3 (7.5 †mtwgt)
duvK _v‡K| WvBm `ywUi Mv ev †`qvj cvwb w`‡q
wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi WvB‡mi Pvwiw`‡K gvwU
jvwM‡q 14 Bw (35 †mt wgt) DuPz K‡i Pzjvi KvVv‡gv
ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| (wPÎ bs K I L)| KvVv‡gvwU ˆZix Kivi mgq
we‡kl fv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb wØZxq gy‡Li †kl cÖš—
wU 6-7 Bw (15-17.5 †mtwgt) evov‡bv _v‡K, hv‡Z K‡i
†mLv‡b †auvqv †ei nevi GKwU wPgbx ¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
Gevi WvBm `ywU mwi‡q wb‡Z n‡e Ges wØZxq gyLwU
w`‡q 11 Bw (27.5 †mtwgt) ch©š— fivU K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
†m mg¯— ¯’v‡b R¡vjvbx gyL, `yB Pzjvi ms‡hvM gyL,
wPgbx ms¯’vcb ¯’vb ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e †m mg¯— ¯’v‡b
evu‡ki dvwj XzwK‡q w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GB gyL ¸‡jv KvUvi
ci H ¸‡jv †f‡½ bv hvq| G Ae¯’vq KvVv‡gvwU wKQyUv k³
nIqvi Rb¨ 2-1 w`b †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e| Gi ci mggv‡ci `ywU
cvwZj Pzjvi gyL `ywU‡Z ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRb
Abyhvqx gyL¸‡jv †K‡U wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i
cvwZj emv‡bvi ci Pzjv I cvwZ‡ji gvSLv‡b †Kvb duvK bv
_v‡K| cÖ_g Pzjv gy‡Li GK cv‡k (wØZxq gy‡Li wecixZ
w`‡K) jvKwo †`qvi Rb¨ 5 ¸b (12.5 ¸b 12.5 †mtwgt)
GKwU gyL †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e| jvKwo ivLvi Rb¨ jvKwo0
gy‡Li evwn‡ii w`KUv gvwU w`‡q GKUz evwo‡q w`‡Z
n‡e (wPÎ bs-M)
cÖ_g Pzjvgy‡Li Dci †_‡K 8 Bw (20. †mtwgt) bx‡P
QvKbx emv‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU ZvK ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e (ZvK ˆZixi
eYb©v enb †hvM¨ DbœZ Pzjvi gZB)| evZvm cÖ‡ek Ges
QvB †ei Kivi Rb¨ QvKbxi bx‡P jvKwo gy‡Li `yB cv‡k 5
¸b (12.5 ¸b 12.5 †mtwgt) `ywU gyL †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_g gyL †_‡K wØZxq gy‡L DËß M¨vm cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ 5
Bw (12.5 †mtwgt)_ e¨v‡mi GKwU c_ †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e|
GB c‡_i wVK wecixZ w`‡K 2 Bw (5.‡mtwgt) e¨v‡mi
GKwU wQ`ª c_ ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| G c_ w`‡q †auvqv I DËß
M¨vm wPgbx‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| wØZxq gy‡Li ZjvwU Ggb
fv‡e ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wQ`ª c_ †_‡K QvKbx ch©š—
µgkt Pvjy n‡q Av‡m| 2 Bw (5 †mtwgt) e¨v‡mi GB
wQ`ª c_wU wPgbxi mv‡_ †hvM Kivi Rb¨ 4 Bw (10
†mtwgt) j¤^v we‡kl fv‡e GB j¤^v c_wU 1 dzU (30
†mtwgt) ch©š— Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKwU c_ ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gi †kl cÖv‡š— wPgbx emv‡bvi Rb¨ DPz K‡i Pvi †Kvbv
wewkó GKwU wPgbx gyL ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| GB wPgbx
gy‡Li Dci cvkvcvkx `ywU i‡Wi UzKiv ev evu‡ki dvwj
ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e| GB gy‡Li Dci 2-3 Bw (5t7 †mtwgt)
e¨v‡mi Dchy³ D”Pzi GKwU wPgbx ewm‡q (bx‡P wPgbx
†mKkb Abyhvqx) Pvicv‡k gvwU w`‡q fvj fv‡e gywo‡q
w`‡Z n‡e †hb gyLwUi mv‡_ wPgbxwU k³fv‡e †j‡M _v‡K|
cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a wPgbxwU‡K †mvRv ivLvi Rb¨ GKwU
evuk ev LywU e¨venvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| gvwUi mv‡_ wKQy
†Mvei/Pv‡ji Kzov wgwm‡q PzjvwU‡K fvj fv‡e †j‡c ïwK‡q
e¨venvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
wPgbx t-
GB wPgbx G¨vm‡eóm& cvBc, Gg Gm wmU, wUb ev
gvwU w`‡q ˆZix Kiv hvq| Gi D”PZv 3-10 dzU (90-300
†mtwgt) n‡Z cv‡i| cvwievwiK Pzjvi Rb¨ Gi e¨vm 2-3
Bw (5-7 †mtwgt) Ges evwYwR¨K Pzjvi Rb¨ 4 Bw (10
†mtwgt)| wPgbxwU ivbœv N‡ii Qv`/Pvj wQ`ª K‡i †ei K‡i
†`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Qv`/Pvj †_‡K wPgbxi
D”PZv KgK‡i 2dzU (60 †mtwgt) _v‡K| ivbœv N‡ii Pvj
hw` kb/cvZv/Lo Gi nq Z‡e Pv‡ji mv‡_ wPgbxi ms‡hvM
¯’‡j 2-3 Bw (5-7.5 †mtwgt) cyi“ K‡i gvwU/wm‡g›U Gi
cÖ‡jc w`‡q Gi Dci cwjw_b gywo‡q w`‡Z n‡e hv‡e N‡ii
Pv‡j Av¸b jvMvi m¤¢vebv bv _v‡K| wPgbxi ivbœv N‡ii
†`qvj/‡eov wQ`ª K‡i N‡ii wcovi Dc‡i GKwU evuk ev
LywUi mvnv‡h¨I ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| kb/cvZv/ Lo Gi Pv‡ji N‡ii
Rb¨ G ai‡Yi wPgbx ¯’vc‡bi evÃbxq | G Rb¨ wPgbxi
D”PZv 3-5 dzU (90-150 †mt wgt) †`qv hvq| wPgbxi Dc‡i
GKwU Uzwc emv‡Z nq hv‡Z e„wói cvwb Pzjvi g‡a¨
XzK‡Z bv cv‡i | Uzwci cvqv ¸‡jv wPgbx‡Z Ggb fv‡e
jvMv‡Z nq †hb (cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a †hb †Lvjv hvq) wPgbx I
Uzwci g‡a¨ 3 mv‡W 3 Bw (8-8.5 †mtwgt) duvK _v‡K|
wKQy w`b Pzjv e¨venv‡ii ci wPgbxi g‡a¨ Kvjx P‡g
wPgbx c_ †QvU n‡q hvq, Gi d‡j Pzjv e¨venv‡ii
Amyweav nq| Kv‡RB wKQy w`b ci ci wPgbxi cwi¯‹vi
Kivi `iKvi nq| wPgbx cwi®‹vi Kivi ci m„wó Kvwj †ei Kivi
Rb¨ wPgbxi †MvWvB Wvb wKsev evg cv‡k¦© A_ev
wcQ‡b 3 ¸b 3 Bw (7.57 †mtwgt) GKwU gyL ivLv `iKv|
Pzjv e¨venv‡ii mgq GB gyKwU Aek¨B XvKbx w`‡q †X‡K
ivL‡Z n‡e|
ÒcvwievwiK e¨venvi Dc‡hvMx A‡a©K gvwUi
bx‡P DbœZ wØgyLx wPgbx PzjvÓ
cwiwPwZ t-
A‡a©KgvwUi bx‡Pi PzjvwUI c~‡e© ewb©Z m¤ú~Y©
gvwUi Dc‡ii Pzjvi gZB Z‡e GB Pzjvi R¡vjvbx gyLwU
gvwUi †j‡f‡j _v‡K Ges Gi QvKbxwU i‡Wi ˆZix e‡j G‡Z me
ai‡bi R¡vjvbx †cvov‡bv m¤¢b|

ˆZixi wbqgvejxt-
Pzjvi cÖ_g gyLwU ˆZixi Rb¨ 7-8 Bw (17.5-20 †mtwgt)
Mfxi K‡i 10 Bw (25 †mtwgt) e¨v‡mi GKwU MZ© Ki‡Z
n‡e| M‡Z©i Pvicv‡k wKQy Kvu`v gvwU w`‡Z n‡e| GB
Kvu`v gvwUi Dc‡i 1 Gi 4 Bw (0.6 †mtwgt) duvK K‡i 11
Bw (27.5 †mtwgt) j¤^v `yB myZv cyi“ †jvnvi iW ci ci
ewm‡q QvKbxwU ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| Gevi QvKbxi Dc‡i
GKUz cvwb w`‡q WvBm w`‡Z n‡e| GB WvBmwUi 3
Bw (7.5 †mtwgt) wcQ‡b AviI GKwU WvBm ewm‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| WvBm `ywUi Pvwiw`‡K gvwU jvwM‡q
c~‡e©i b¨vq (m¤ú~Y© gvwUi Dc‡ii wPgbx Pzjvi b¨vq0
8 Bw (20 †mtwgt) DPz K‡i Pzjvi KvVv‡gvwU ˆZix Ki‡Z
n‡e| Gev‡i WvBm `ywU mveav‡b DwV‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

ïKv‡bvi Rb¨ G Ae¯’vq `y-GK w`b †i‡L †`qvi ci Pzjvi


wewfbœ gyL †hgb, jvKwo gyL, cÖ_g Pzjv n‡Z wØZxq
Pzjvq DËß M¨vm cÖ‡e‡mi gyL, wPgbx‡Z M¨vm cÖ‡ek
c_, (c~‡e©i Pzjvi b¨vq) †Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e Ges Av‡Mi gZB
wPgbx ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB Pzjvq evZvm cÖ‡ek Ges QvB
†ei Kivi Rb¨ Pzjvi cÖ_g gy‡Li `yB cv‡k Zxh©K fv‡e MZ©
†Ku‡U wb‡Z n‡e †hb gyL `ywU Pzjvi QvKbxi bx‡P _v‡K
MZ© `ywUi e¨vm Ggb hv‡Z mn‡RB nvZ w`‡q H c‡_
Qvu&B †ei K‡i †bqv hvq|
mvaviY Pzjv I DbœZ Pzjvi g‡a¨ wKQy cv_©K¨
we`¨gvb G ¸‡jv wb‡P †`qv njt-

mvaviY Pzjv DbœZ Pzjv †auvqv wenxb


(wPgbx hy³) DbœZ
Pzjv
1) G Pzjvi 1) GB Pzjvi 1) GB Pzjvq †Kvb
wSuKv¸‡jv A‡bK wSuKv¸‡jvi wSuKv bv _vKvq Av¸b
DuPz| Kv‡RB D”PZv gvÎ ev DËß M¨vm Pzjv n‡Z
Pzjvq †h Av¸b R¡‡j nvud BwÂ| d‡j mivmwi †ewi‡q †h‡Z
Zvi A‡bKUv cÖ‡qvR‡bi cv‡i bv|
wSuKvi H duvK AwZwi³ Av¸b
w`‡q †ewi‡q hvq| wSuKvi duvK
w`‡q †ewi‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i bv|
2) G Pzjvi MfxiZv 2) GB Pzjvi 2) GB Pzjvi wfZ‡i Pzjvi
A‡bK †ekx, Kv‡RB wfZ‡ii wSuvKv Dci n‡Z wbw`©ó
Pzjvi Zjvq †h n‡Z wbw`ó `yi‡Z¡ GKwU QvKbx
R¡vjvbx †cv‡o Zv `~i‡Z¡ QvKbx _vKvq QvKbxi Dc‡ii †h
cvwZ‡ji Zjvq wVK _v‡K| d‡j Av¸b R¡‡j Zv‡Z cÖ_g
gZ G‡m Zvc w`‡Z QvKbxi Dc‡i †h gy‡L mivmwi ivbœv
cv‡i bv| Av¸b R¡‡j Zv nq I wØZxq gy‡L cÖ_g
cy‡iv cywi gyL m„ó DËß M¨v‡m
cvwZ‡ji Zjvq ivbœv nq Ges e¨eüZ
Zvc w`‡Z cv‡i| Mig M¨vm wPgbxi
mvnv‡h¨ ivbœv N‡ii
evwn‡i †ewi‡q hvq|
3) Pzjvi Zjvq 3) GB Pzjvi 3) GB Pzjvi QvKbxi
ch©vß evZvm QvKbxi wbP wbP w`‡q evZvm
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i w`‡q evZvm cª‡e‡ki c_ Av‡Q| GB
bv e‡j R¡vjvbx evi cÖ‡e‡ki c_ c‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq evZvm
evi wb‡f hvq| d‡j Av‡Q| GB c_ Pzjvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i
dzu w`‡q Av¸b w`‡q R¡vjvbx‡K fvjfv‡e
R¡vjv‡Z nq Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †cvov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
Pzjvi Zjvq cÖPzi evZvm Pzjvi d‡j Pzjvi g‡a¨ QvB
Kqjv R‡g _v‡K| g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i e¨ZxZ †Kvb Kqjv R‡g
R¡vjvbx‡K fvj _v‡K bv|
fv‡e †cvov‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
d‡j Pzjvi QvB
e¨ZxZ †Kvb
Kqjv R‡g _v‡K
bv|
Dcmsnvit-

cwi‡k‡l Avgiv GUvB ej‡Z cvwi †h, mvaviY Pzjvi Zzjbvq


DbœZ Pzjv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK †ekx ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z I G‡Z
mvkªq I A‡bK| mvavib Pzjvi Zzjvbvq G DbœZ Pzjvq
50% †_‡K 70% R¡vjvwb Kg nq| DbœZ Pzjv mviv †`‡k
e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ Kiv n‡j Ges G‡Z Kgc‡¶ 50% R¡vjvwb
evP‡jI 50 †KvwU (GK †KvwU beŸB j¶¨ Ub) g‡biI †ewk
cÖPwjZ R¡vjvwb mvkªq n‡e| cÖwZw`b R¡vjvwbi Mo
g~j¨ 30/- UvKv n‡jI Gid‡j †`‡ki evwl©K mvkªq `vov‡e
†`o nvRvi †KvwU UvKv | myZivs †`‡ki RbMb‡K G welq
m‡PZb K‡i ‡`k‡K mgyw× kvjx K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|

Вам также может понравиться