Review: Laplace Transform

Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of the presentation, student can:
• Solve the Laplace and the inverse Laplace transform of time functions.
• Solve a differential equation sing Laplace transform.
 Pierre-Simon Laplace
• Developed mathematics in astronomy,
physics, and statistics
• Began work in calculus which led to the
Laplace Transform
• One of the first scientists to suggest the
existence of black holes
 Definition: Laplace Transform
• The Laplace transform is a linear operator that switched a function f(t) to F(s).
ℒ𝑓 𝑡 𝐹 𝑠 𝑓 𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡𝑢 𝑡

where s = σ+jω, a complex variable

 Example 3.1
• Determine the Laplace transform of each of the following functions shown below:
Elementary Laplace Transforms
 Example 3.2
• Use the Laplace transform table and Laplace transform theorems, derive the
Laplace transform of the following time functions.
1. 𝑒 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑢 𝑡
2. 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡
3. 𝑒 cos 5𝑡 𝑢 𝑡
 Inverse Laplace Transform
The inverse Laplace transform, which allows us to find f(t) given F(s), is

1   j
where L1 F ( s )  
2j   j
F ( s )e st ds  f (t )u (t )

u (t )  1 t0
u (t )  0 t0
Example 3.3: Partial Fraction Expansion

Case 1 Roots of the Denominator of F(s) are Real and Distinct
Problem 1 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
2
F (s) 
( s  1)( s  2)
Case 2 Roots of the Denominator of F(s) are Real and Repeated
Problem 2 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
2
F (s) 
( s  1)( s  2)2

Case 3 Roots of the Denominator of F(s) are Complex or Imaginary

Problem 3 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
2
F (s) 
s ( s 2  2 s  5)
 Example 3.4:
• Find the inverse Laplace transform of the ff:

3 5 6
F ( s)    2
s s 1 s  4

100(s  3)
F ( s) 
(s  6)(s 2  6s  25)
 Laplace Transform for ODEs
• Find the Laplace transform of the following differential equations:
a) 7𝑥 5 cos 2𝑡

b) 6 8𝑥 10

c) 2 4 6 7𝑥 sin 3𝑡
where y(0) = 1 and y’(0) = -1
 Solution of Differential Equations
• Solve the following differential equations given the initial conditions
a) 2 2𝑥 5𝑡𝑢 𝑡

x(0) = 1; x’(0) = 0

b) 4𝑥 𝑡
initial conditions = 0
 Assignment #1
• Solve the following differential equations using Laplace. Assume zero initial
conditions.
1. 7𝑥 5 cos 2𝑡
2. 6 8𝑥 5 sin 3𝑡
3. 8 25𝑥 10 𝑢 𝑡
• Solve the DE using Laplace with the given initial conditions.
1. 2 2𝑥 sin 2𝑡

𝑥 0 2; 𝑥 0 3

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