Appendix:Esperanto Swadesh list

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is an Swadesh list of words in English and Esperanto.

Presentation
For further information, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list

A Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the
evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language to
varying degrees. Various versions have been created, in particular:
• a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every
environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
• a reduced 100 words version.
Some versions are more reliable than others in terms of the universality of concurrence between the
words' meanings.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a
given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its
only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible,
phonetic basis.

List
IPA Esperanto
English 'No.'
pronunciation Esperanto
mi I 1
vi you (singular) 2
li he 3
ni we 4
vi you (plural) 5
ili they 6
ĉi tio this 7
tio that 8
ĉi tie here 9
tie there 10
kiu who 11
kio what 12
kie where 13
kiam when 14
kiel how 15
ne not 16
ĉiu all 17
multaj many 18
kelkaj some 19
malmultaj few 20
alia other 21
unu one 22
du two 23
tri three 24
kvar four 25
kvin five 26
granda big 27
longa long 28
larĝa wide 29
dika thick 30
peza heavy 31
eta small 32
mallonga short 33
maldika narrow 34
mallarĝa thin 35
virino woman 36
viro man (male) 37
homo man (human) 38
infano child 39
edzino wife 40
edzo husband 41
patrino mother 42
patro father 43
besto animal 44
fiŝo fish 45
birdo bird 46
hundo dog 47
pediko louse 48
serpento snake 49
vermo worm 50
arbo tree 51
arbaro forest 52
bastono stick 53
frukto fruit 54
semo seed 55
folio leaf 56
radiko root 57
ŝelo bark (of a tree) 58
floro flower 59
herbo grass 60
ŝnuro rope 61
haŭto skin 62
viando meat 63
sango blood 64
osto bone 65
graso fat (noun) 66
ovo egg 67
korno horn 68
vosto tail 69
plumo feather 70
haro hair 71
kapo head 72
orelo ear 73
okulo eye 74
nazo nose 75
buŝo mouth 76
dento tooth 77
lango tongue 78
ungo fingernail 79
piedo foot 80
kruro leg 81
genuo knee 82
mano hand 83
flugilo wing 84
ventro belly 85
intestaro guts 86
kolo neck 87
dorso back 88
brusto, mamoj breast 89
koro heart 90
hepato liver 91
trinki to drink 92
manĝi to eat 93
mordi to bite 94
suĉi to suck 95
kraĉi to spit 96
vomi to vomit 97
blovi to blow 98
inspiri to breathe 99
ridi to laugh 100
vidi to see 101
aŭdi to hear 102
scii to know 103
pensi to think 104
flari to smell 105
timi to fear 106
dormi to sleep 107
vivi to live 108
morti to die 109
mortigi to kill 110
batali to fight 111
ĉasi to hunt 112
bati to hit 113
tondi to cut 114
dividi, fendi to split 115
mortpiki to stab 116
grati to scratch 117
fosi to dig 118
naĝi to swim 119
flugi to fly 120
marŝi to walk 121
veni to come 122
kuŝi to lie (as in a bed) 123
sidi to sit 124
stari to stand 125
turni to turn (intransitive) 126
fali to fall 127
doni to give 128
teni to hold 129
premi to squeeze 130
froti to rub 131
lavi to wash 132
viŝi to wipe 133
tiri to pull 134
puŝi to push 135
ĵeti to throw 136
ligi, nodi to tie 137
kudri to sew 138
kalkuli to count 139
diri to say 140
kanti to sing 141
ludi to play 142
flosi to float 143
flui to flow 144
frostigi, frostiĝi to freeze 145
ŝveli to swell 146
suno sun 147
luno moon 148
stelo star 149
akvo water 150
pluvo rain 151
rivero river 152
lago lake 153
maro sea 154
salo salt 155
ŝtono stone 156
sablo sand 157
polvo dust 158
tero earth 159
nubo cloud 160
nebulo fog 161
ĉielo sky 162
vento wind 163
neĝo snow 164
glacio ice 165
fumo smoke 166
fajro fire 167
cindro ash 168
bruli to burn 169
vojo, strato road 170
monto mountain 171
ruĝa red 172
verda green 173
flava yellow 174
blanka white 175
nigra black 176
nokto night 177
tago day 178
jaro year 179
varma warm 180
malvarma cold 181
plena full 182
nova new 183
malnova old 184
bona good 185
malbona bad 186
putra rotten 187
malpura dirty 188
 rekta straight 189
ronda round 190
akra sharp (as a knife) 191
malakra dull (as a knife) 192
glata smooth 193
malseka wet 194
seka dry 195
ĝusta correct 196
proksima near 197
malproksima far 198
dekstra right 199
maldekstra left 200
ĉe at 201
en in 202
kun with 203
kaj and 204
se if 205
ĉar because 206
nomo name 207
• Orthography :
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement,
declensions), the orthography is the following :
• verbs : infinitive
• other words : masculine or neutral, singular, nominative (subject)

For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is
used.